Thesis (M.S.)--Springfield College, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Springfield College, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar em atletas homens e mulheres a dinâmica do stiffness e dos parâmetros biomecânicos atrelados ao stiffness (PBAS) durante uma corrida de elevada velocidade e curta duração. Ainda, investigar possíveis discriminantes de desempenho da corrida, e a relação destes com as tarefas de salto frequentemente utilizados nos treinamentos. Para tanto, foram realizados 2 estudos, sendo que o estudo 1 caracterizou a dinâmica dos parâmetros biomecânicos atrelados ao stiffness e apontou possíveis discriminantes de desempenho (por gênero), e no estudo 2 relacionou-se estes possíveis discriminantes com as tarefas de salto. O \"Spring Mass Model\" foi utilizado para obtenção dos PBAS, ao ponto que plataformas de força (AMTI) e a cinemetria (VICON) foram utilizados para a aquisição dos dados de salto. Foi evidenciado que o stiffness não apresentou total convergência com a dinâmica da velocidade apresentada no teste de corrida de elevada velocidade e curta duração, e que a força vertical aplicada ao solo durante a fase de apoio foi o PBAS que mais se aproximou da dinâmica apresentada pela velocidade. Não houveram distinções entre os gêneros na dinâmica do stiffness e dos PBAS, porém o gênero feminino apresentou maior dependência de parâmetros temporais de passo no início do teste e complacência muscular no final do teste, e o gênero masculino maior dependência de parâmetros atrelados a incremento de força no início do teste e incremento da fase aérea no final do teste. Ainda, houve diferença com significância estatística entre os gêneros quanto à magnitude e contribuição das fases da corrida. No mais, o salto horizontal (SH) apresentou maior relação com o desempenho em ambos os gêneros. Desta forma, conclui-se que 1) o stiffness propriamente dito não pode explicar o desempenho em uma corrida de elevada velocidade e curta duração, 2) dentre os PBAS, a magnitude da força vertical aplicada ao solo durante a fase de apoio apresentou maior proximidade com a dinâmica da velocidade, 3) homens e mulheres dependem distintamente dos PBAS para melhora no desempenho na corrida, e 4) o SH é meio de maior validade ecológica a ser utilizado nas rotinas de avaliação e treinamento de atletas envolvidos em provas de elevada velocidade e curta duração / The present study aims to characterize the dynamics of stiffness and biomechanical parameters related to stiffness (BPRS) in male and female athletes during top speed short distance run. It also intends to investigate possible performance discriminative factors and their relation with jumping tasks frequently used in training. For this purpose, two studies have been developed. Study 1 has characterized the dynamics of the biomechanical parameters related to stiffness and indicated possible discriminative factors (by gender). The study 2 has related these possible discriminative factors with jumping. The \'Spring Mass Model\' has been used to obtain the BRPS and the force plate (AMTI) and cinemetry (VICON) have been used to acquire jumping data. The study showed that stiffness has not presented total convergence with velocity dynamics and the vertical force applied to the ground during the support phase has been the closest result to the velocity dynamics presented. There has not been distinctions regarding gender in stiffness and BRPS dynamics, however, females have showed more dependency on step timing parameters on the test beginning and muscle complacency at the end of the test; and males presented more dependency on to the vertical force applied to the ground during the support phase on the test beginning and parameters connected to the increase in the swing phase at the end test. Moreover, there has been a difference with statistical significance between genders regarding magnitude and contribution through the running phases. In additional, the horizontal jump (HJ) results represented a closer relation to the performance top speed short distance run. Therefore, it has been concluded that 1) stiffness itself cannot explain the performance in top speed short distance run, 2) among the BRPS, vertical force magnitude applied to the ground during support phase presents closer results to velocity dynamics, 3) males and females depend on distinct BRPS to enrich their performance and 4) HJ is the exercise with the major validity to be used for the evaluation and training routine of top speed short distance run athletes

Aim. The take-off is regarded as the most important phase of the pole vault yet there is an insufficient amount of research on the ground reaction forces of the pole vault takeoff. At this time there is not any scientific research comparing force and time between takeoffs that are out, on and under. The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in ground reaction forces between pole vault take-offs that are out, on or under. Methods. Over five days, 15 male and female college pole vaulters completed 226 vaults on a (AMTI Accupower) force plate. The jumps were put into categories of out, on and under and analyzed by Accupower, and Dartfish software. Separate mixed modal ANOVAs (SAS 9.3) were applied (P≤.05) for comparison between jump types. Conclusions. There is no significant difference between ground reaction forces of the three jump types.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was first, to make a census of the 1946-1947 track coaches in the AA high schools of Texas; and second, to present facts that may be helpful to future track coaches.

The sport of weightlifting has been competed since the first modern Olympiad. Competition in weightlifting consists of 3 attempts the snatch and clean and jerk declared by the athlete and their coach prior to the starting of the lift. While waiting for the athlete’s lift, waiting periods can change and warm up attempts may need to be adjusted. Often, coaches prescribe either a complete “light power” or partial “heavy pull” repetition of the competed movement during a long wait. Previous literature indicates that a heavier stimulus may cause a “post-activation potentiation”, or “post-activation performance enhancement” effect on the subsequent lift. However, some evidence indicates that a heavy pull closely preceding a subsequent clean may disrupt technique. Despite the common practice to perform a heavy pull or lighter power clean or snatch in the warmup area, little information is known about whether this movement will potentiate the following repetition or disrupt technique. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the potentiation and technique effects of the heavy pull and light power on a subsequent clean. Methods: The subjects (males n = 9; females n= 2) were eleven well-trained athletes (weightlifting, track and field, crossfit) in the clean. After warmup, a series of cleans were performed leading to a 90 % 1 RM clean followed by a 75% power clean or 112% clean pull (order randomly assigned), this was followed by a 90% clean. Kinematics were measured using Qualisys M3 motion capture. Subjective effort was measured after each 90% clean using rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Results: Men were stronger than women how ever there was no difference in the outcome. Peak bar velocity was not statistically different pre-post (p≥ 0.5). Vertical displacement was not statistically different pre-post (p≥ 0.5). Horizontal displacement was not statistically different (p≥ 0.5). Catch phase duration was not statistically different (p≤ 0.5), however effect size indicates small to moderate decreases in duration in both conditions. Stronger athletes appeared to have less technical disruption compared to lesser lifters. Following the power clean there was a statistically significant reduction in RPE (p ≤0.5, cohen’s d=0.595 95%CI=0.171 to 1.02).