Cette thèse, portant sur le choix de localisation résidentielle des ménages, s’inscrit dans le cadre théorique de la microéconomie urbaine et de l’utilité aléatoire. Si l’approche des choix discrets reste la plus appropriée dans ce domaine, la difficulté réside dans l’adaptation de ce type de modèles au contexte spatial (autocorrélation spatiale, grand nombre d’alternatives de choix) d’une part, et dans la manière de définir l’échelle de désagrégation d’autre part. Pour ce faire, nous avons procédé en deux temps. Nous avons estimé un logit multinomial avec un échantillon aléatoire d’alternatives pour comprendre le processus de choix de localisation résidentielle, avant de tester l’apport d’une structure hiérarchique pour traiter les problèmes d’autocorrélation spatiale. Cela a aussi permis l’investigation d’une nouvelle méthode de correction des biais liés à l’échantillonnage d’alternatives dans le cas du modèle logit emboîté. En termes de résultats, nous avons montré que la qualité de l’environnement social est le facteur le plus déterminant, sans remettre en cause le poids toujours important de l’accessibilité à l’emploi. Au plan méthodologique, nous avons été en mesure de tester l’apport de l’utilisation d’un modèle logit emboîté pour analyser les choix de localisation de l’aire urbaine de Lyon. Cependant, nous n’avons pas pu dépasser la difficulté de séparer l’autocorrélation spatiale et entre les nids. Le calage du modèle de choix de localisation en 1999 et en 2007 a aussi permis de donner des éléments de réponse sur la transférabilité temporelle des modèles de choix de localisation et de questionner, dans les travaux futurs, le pouvoir prédictif d’un modèle de choix de localisation. / This thesis, focusing on the choice of residential location, is based on the theoretical framework of urban micro-economy and random utility. Though discrete choice modelling is the most appropriate in this field, the difficulty lies in choosing the appropriate model to the spatial context of residential location choice (spatial autocorrelation, large number of alternatives), on the one hand, and in the way of defining the spatial scale, on the other hand. For this purpose, we proceeded in two stages. We estimated a multinomial logit with random sampling of alternatives to understand the process of residential location choice before taking into account the spatial autocorrelation, and estimating a nested logit model. It also allowed to investigate the feasibility of applying a new method to correct biases of sampling alternatives in the case of nested logit model. In terms of results, we have shown that social environment are the most important determinants of residential location choice. Though job accessibility still weigh on household choice decision. In terms of methodology, we were able to test the feasibility of estimating a nested logit model with sampling of alternatives to analyze the choice of location of Lyon urban area. However, we could not overcome the difficulty of distinguishing spatial autocorrelation from nesting. The use of 1999 and 2007 databases to model residential location choice also helped to provide answers on the temporal transferability of location choice models and discuss in future work the predictive power of a location choice model.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é desenvolver e aplicar um método para avaliação do potencial de transferência de um índice de mobilidade sustentável, com base em três questões. O índice de mobilidade sustentável para campus universitário (IMSCamp), proposto por Oliveira (2015), é transferível para outros contextos? Em caso afirmativo, qual o potencial de transferência do mesmo? A partir das respostas das questões anteriores, qual seria a estrutura mínima para a concepção de um índice de mobilidade para campus universitário possível de ser transferido para qualquer contexto? O método proposto para o estudo foi assim organizado: aplicação do IMSCamp a um novo contexto; análise do seu potencial de transferência por meio de critérios desenvolvidos especificamente para este fim; e organização de um painel de especialistas com o intuito de elencar possíveis indicadores para um índice global de mobilidade sustentável para campus universitário. A avaliação do potencial de transferência, objetivo principal deste estudo, resultou em um valor que indica um baixo potencial de transferência (cerca de 40% do máximo possível) para o índice. Este resultado indica que foram necessárias mudanças expressivas para adaptá-lo a um novo campus; sendo assim, não se trata de um índice global diretamente aplicável, sem mudanças, a diversos contextos. Apesar disso, foi possível reproduzir o método de aplicação do IMSCamp no campus da USP de Piracicaba, que resultou em um valor de 0,491 (cerca de 50% do máximo possível), mostrando a viabilidade de seu uso em diferentes contextos, desde que feitos alguns ajustes. Isto obviamente depende da existência de recursos para sua adaptação, o que neste caso não se configurou em uma barreira intransponível. Por fim, o painel de especialistas trouxe evidências de que, dentre os 20 indicadores originais do IMSCamp, 13 mereceram destaque, em termos de relevância e adequação, para compor um índice aplicável a contextos distintos. Seriam eles: Infraestrutura de transporte público urbano, Qualidade das calçadas dentro e de acesso ao campus, Vagas para usuários com restrição de mobilidade, Transporte público urbano, Segurança pública, Acessibilidade dos prédios, Infraestrutura de estacionamento, Bicicletários e paraciclos, Infraestrutura de acesso ao campus, Adequação do modo de transporte, Qualidade das vias no campus, Infraestrutura cicloviária e Ações de educação no trânsito. / This study aims to develop and to apply a method for assessing the transferability of a sustainable mobility index for university campus. Three main questions guide the research: Is IMSCamp (an index created by Oliveira, 2015) transferable to a new context? In this case, what is its transferability potential? According to the previous answers, what should be the framework of a sustainable mobility index for university campus that is transferable to any context? The proposed method was organized as follows: application of IMSCamp to a new context; assessment of the transferability potential of this index by means of rating criteria that have been specially developed for this purpose; and organization of a panel of experts to select indicators for a global sustainable mobility index for university campus. The evaluation of the transferability potential, which was the main purpose of this study, indicated a low level of transferability (around 40% of the maximum value) for the index. This result indicates that considerable adjustments had been required in order to adapt it to a new campus. It means that it is not the case of a global index that may be directly applied without adjustments to various contexts. Nevertheless, it was possible to reproduce the IMSCamp method at the University of São Paulo campus in Piracicaba, which resulted in a value of 0.491 (around 50% of the maximum possible value), bringing evidence that the index can be applied in different campuses after some adjustments. The application obviously depends on the availability of resources for the adaptations needed, what was not a unsurmountable obstacle in the case studied. Finally, the experts\' panel brought evidences that 13 out of the 20 original indicators of IMSCamp have enough relevance and suitability to constitute an index transferable to different contexts. These indicators are: Public transport infrastructure, Quality of sidewalks (inside and around the campus), Parking spaces for people with disability, Public transport, Public safety, Buildings accessibility, Parking infrastructure, Bicycle racks, Infrastructure to access the campus, Suitability of transport modes, Pavement quality inside the campus, Cycling infrastructure and Traffic education initiatives.

The present study focused on evaluating some crash prediction models for two lane highways on Brazilian conditions. Also, the transferability of models was considered, specifically by means of a comparison between Brazil, HSM and Florida. The analysis of two lane highways crash prediction models was promising when the road characteristics were well known and there was not much difference from base conditions. This conclusion was attained regarding the comparison of results for all segments, non-curved segments and curved segments, confirming that a transferred model can be used with caution. In addition, two novel models for Brazilian two-lane highways segments were estimated. The model developed showed better results for non-curved segments in the calibration/validation sample. Thus, for a general analysis purpose of non-curved segments this model is recommended. Finally, there are many factors that could not be measured by these models and reflects road safety various condition. Even so, the study of crash predict models in Brazilian context could provide a better start point in safety road analysis. / O foco desta pesquisa foi avaliar a aplicação de alguns modelos de previsão de acidentes em rodovias de pista simples de três estados brasileiros. Ainda, a transferabilidade destes modelos foi abordada, especificamente por meio de uma comparação entre características do Brasil, Florida e aquelas recomendadas pelo Highway Safety Manual. O uso dos distintos modelos se mostrou promissor para situações nas quais as características da via se mantiveram semelhantes às condições para as quais os modelos foram desenvolvidos. A avaliação foi empreendida para todos os segmentos homogêneos, separados posteriormente segundo a existência de curvas horizontais. Adicionalmente, dois novos modelos foram equacionados para a amostra brasileira. O modelo de previsão de acidentes desenvolvido apresentou melhores medidas de desempenho para segmentos sem curvas horizontais, sendo recomendável para previsão de acidentes em análises preliminares. Por fim, foi constatado que outros fatores não contemplados pelos modelos podem ter impactado as condições de segurança dos locais estudados. Ainda assim, essa pesquisa representa no contexto do Brasil um ponto de partida em análises relacionadas à segurança de rodovias de pista simples.

Magistro darbo tikslas – grįžtamosios migracijos procese, kylančių tapatybės ir susvetimėjimo problemų identifikavimas, taikant pedagoginės hermeneutikos analizės metodą. Pagrindinis tyrimo metodas – pusiau struktūruotas interviu. Darbe konceptualizuojamas grįžtamosios migracijos reiškinys. Atskleidžiama šio reiškinio pokyčio analizė nuo ekonominės, patriotinės sąvokos iki globalios tarpkultūrinės patirties sampratos traktavimo. Kadangi grįžtamoji migracija šiandienos kontekste apima ir vaikų grįžimą į tėvynę, svarbus faktorius tampa grįžtamųjų mokinių edukacinis procesas. Grįžtamosios migracijos pedagoginiame procese ypatingas dėmesys tenka subjektui, gebančiam adaptuoti ir interpretuoti užsienio šalies patirtį savo šalies ugdymo sistemoje. Edukacinės patirties perkeliamumas ir gebėjimas ją interpretuoti yra siejamas su pedagogine hermeneutika. Remiantis užsienio ir Lietuvos autoriais, analizuojama pedagoginė hermeneutika ir jos santykis su grįžtamąja migracija. Tyrimas patvirtina darbo autorių iškeltą hipotezę, kad re-emigrantų mokinių integraciją į Lietuvos edukacinę sistemą, sąlygoja skirtingas mokymo(si) ir kultūrinių skirtumų supratimas. / The aim of this paper is to identify the problems of alienation and identification, influenced by return migration, using the pedagogical hermeneutics analysis method. The instrument of the research – open interview questionnaire created by the authors. By analyzing the foreign and local academic literature, was conceptualized the phenomena of return migration. Was explored the transformation of notion of the return migration from understanding it as economical, patriotic idea to the concept of global intercultural experience treatment. Since the return migration of today's context includes the child's return to the homeland, the important factor is becoming pupils’ educational process. In the pedagogical process of the return migration particular attention goes to the subject enable to adapt and interpret the foreign country’s experiences in the homeland educational system. Educational experience transferability and the ability to interpret is related with pedagogical hermeneutics. The research confirmed the hypothesis that the integration of re-emigrated pupils in Lithuanian education system is determined by the different educational systems and cultural diversity.

Cette thèse a eu pour objet de montrer comment les universités d’Etat sous prétexte d’une conformité aux référentiels internationaux s’engagent dans la réforme du L.M.D et développent la professionnalisation. Le texte met en exergue les épreuves auxquelles sont soumis les Etats, notamment les pays en voie de développement comme le Sénégal, dans l’incitation à la professionnalisation des études par le milieu de l’emploi, les pouvoirs politiques, les institutions et organismes partenaires internationaux. Le statut de service public garantissant la démocratisation des savoirs transmis comme bien public est fortement examiné. La réforme de la professionnalisation des études universitaires est-elle imitable, transposable ou se construit-elle localement ? Est-elle opportune pour une université du sud et compatible avec la gratuité de l’enseignement supérieur ? Telles sont les questions essentielles auxquelles l’étude a tenté d’apporter des réponses. / The purpose of this thesis work is to show how state universities - under the pretence of accordance with international frameworks - undertake the L.M.D. reform and develop professionalization. The text highlights how states - particularly in developing countries like Senegal - come under pressure from the world of employment, political powers and international partner institutions and organisms for the development of occupational qualifications. The “public service” status as a guarantee of the democratization of the knowledge transmitted as a public good has been closely examined. Is the reform of the professionalization of higher education imitable and transferable, or is it necessarily home-grown ? Is this reform suitable for southern universities and compatible with free higher education ? These are the main questions raised and discussed in this study.

The present study focused on evaluating some crash prediction models for two lane highways on Brazilian conditions. Also, the transferability of models was considered, specifically by means of a comparison between Brazil, HSM and Florida. The analysis of two lane highways crash prediction models was promising when the road characteristics were well known and there was not much difference from base conditions. This conclusion was attained regarding the comparison of results for all segments, non-curved segments and curved segments, confirming that a transferred model can be used with caution. In addition, two novel models for Brazilian two-lane highways segments were estimated. The model developed showed better results for non-curved segments in the calibration/validation sample. Thus, for a general analysis purpose of non-curved segments this model is recommended. Finally, there are many factors that could not be measured by these models and reflects road safety various condition. Even so, the study of crash predict models in Brazilian context could provide a better start point in safety road analysis. / O foco desta pesquisa foi avaliar a aplicação de alguns modelos de previsão de acidentes em rodovias de pista simples de três estados brasileiros. Ainda, a transferabilidade destes modelos foi abordada, especificamente por meio de uma comparação entre características do Brasil, Florida e aquelas recomendadas pelo Highway Safety Manual. O uso dos distintos modelos se mostrou promissor para situações nas quais as características da via se mantiveram semelhantes às condições para as quais os modelos foram desenvolvidos. A avaliação foi empreendida para todos os segmentos homogêneos, separados posteriormente segundo a existência de curvas horizontais. Adicionalmente, dois novos modelos foram equacionados para a amostra brasileira. O modelo de previsão de acidentes desenvolvido apresentou melhores medidas de desempenho para segmentos sem curvas horizontais, sendo recomendável para previsão de acidentes em análises preliminares. Por fim, foi constatado que outros fatores não contemplados pelos modelos podem ter impactado as condições de segurança dos locais estudados. Ainda assim, essa pesquisa representa no contexto do Brasil um ponto de partida em análises relacionadas à segurança de rodovias de pista simples.

L'objectif de cette thèse a été d'investiguer la question de la généralité et de l'automatisation des processus de contrôle inhibiteur au fil du développement cognitif. Cette question a été approchée par différentes études expérimentales menées chez l'enfant, chez l'adolescent et chez l'adulte. Trois études ont porté sur la généralité des processus de contrôle inhibiteur agissant dans des tâches appartenant à des domaines cognitifs différents. Dans la première, nous avons voulu répondre à deux problématiques liées aux divergences présentes dans la littérature sur le développement du contrôle inhibiteur dans des contextes émotionnels. Le but de cette étude était de déterminer (a) si le contrôle inhibiteur froid (dans des contextes affectivement neutres) et le contrôle inhibiteur chaud (dans des contextes émotionnellement chargés) suivent un pattern développemental identique, particulièrement à l'adolescence et (b) le degré de spécificité de ces deux types de contrôle inhibiteur au fil du développement. Pour cela, nous avons comparé les performances d'enfants de 10 ans, d'adolescents de 13 ans et de jeunes adultes de 21 ans à une tâche de Stroop couleur-mot affectivement neutre et une tâche de Stroop émotionnel. Dans une deuxième étude, nous avons testé auprès d'un groupe d'enfants de 9 ans si les processus inhibiteurs impliqués dans une tâche classique piagétienne de conservation du nombre (i.e., domaine logico-mathématique) étaient identiques ou partiellement identiques à ceux impliqués dans la résolution de la tâche neuropsychologique classique de Stroop couleur-mot (i.e., domaine verbal). Dans une troisième étude, nous avons testé auprès d'un groupe d'enfants de 10 ans et d'un groupe de jeunes adultes de 20 ans la transférabilité des processus inhibiteurs entre une tâche de discrimination de lettres en miroir (dont il a récemment été démontré qu'elle nécessite l'inhibition) et une tâche classique de Stroop couleur-mot, afin de déterminer (a) si la mise en place de mécanismes inhibiteurs impliqués dans la résolution d'un conflit à un niveau perceptif très précoce (la reconnaissance visuelle de symboles) peut faciliter la résolution d'un conflit à un niveau de traitement beaucoup plus tardif (niveau sémantique et moteur), et (b) si l'âge affecte cette transférabilité. Ensuite nous nous sommes intéressés à l'automaticité des processus de contrôle inhibiteur, testant si le contrôle inhibiteur peut fonctionner de manière totalement inconsciente sur des conflits provoqués par deux stimuli subliminaux interférents. Pour cela, nous avons conçu un paradigme d'amorçage composé d'essais dans lesquels un item de Stroop inversé subliminal précédait un item de Stroop visible. Le but de ce paradigme était de vérifier la présence d'un effet d'adaptation de conflit et d'un effet d'amorçage négatif du stimulus subliminal sur le stimulus visible, deux effets rapportés dans les études utilisant des stimuli visibles et suggérant un transfert des processus de contrôle de l'amorce à la cible. Enfin dans une cinquième étude nous avons cherché à savoir si les différences interindividuelles en termes de contrôle inhibiteur découlent en partie des processus prénataux, sur base de l'analyse de la forme sulcale du cortex, considérée comme une caractéristique qualitative de l'anatomie cérébrale déterminée pendant la vie fœtale et stable au cours du développement. En utilisant l'imagerie par résonance magnétique anatomique, nous avons analysé les corrélations entre les performances à une tâche de Stroop couleur-mot et la forme sulcale de deux régions clefs du réseau neuronal du contrôle inhibiteur, le cortex cingulaire antérieur dorsal et le sillon frontal inférieur (qui limite le gyrus frontal inférieur), chez un groupe d'enfants de 10 ans et un groupe d'adultes de 22 ans. En conclusion, cette thèse apporte un nouvel éclairage à la question de la généralité et de l'automatisation des processus d'inhibition exécutive dans une perspective développementale / The objective of this thesis was to investigate the question of the domain-generality of inhibitory control and its automatization throughout development. This question has been approached by various experimental studies in children, adolescents and adults. Three studies have focused on the generality of control processes operating in tasks belonging to different cognitive domains. In the first study, we wanted to answer two questions related to the discrepancies found in the literature on the development of inhibitory control in affectively charged contexts. The aim of this study was to determine (a) whether cool inhibition (control processes in emotionally neutral contexts) and hot inhibition (control processes in emotionally charged contexts) follow the same developmental pattern, and (b) the degree of specificity of these two types of inhibitory control throughout development. We thus compared the performance of 10-year-olds, 13-year-olds and 21-year-olds to an emotionally neutral color-word Stroop task and an emotional Stroop task. In a second study on 9-year-old children, we tested whether the inhibitory processes involved in a classical Piagetian conservation task (i.e., logico-mathematical domain) were identical or partially identical to those involved in the resolution of the classical neuropsychological color-word Stroop task (i.e., verbal domain). In a third study, we tested on a group of 10-year-old children and a group of 20-year-old young adults the transferability of inhibitory processes between a mirror letters discrimination task (that has recently been shown to require inhibition) and a color-word Stroop task, to determine (a) whether the resolution of a conflict at an early perceptual stage of the processing stream (recognition of visual symbols) can facilitate the resolution of a conflict arising at a much later stage (semantic and motor levels), and (b) if age affects this transferability. Then we looked at the automaticity of the inhibition processes by testing whether inhibitory control can operate completely unconsciously on conflicts arising between two subliminal interfering stimuli. To this end, we designed a priming paradigm consisting of trials in which a subliminal reverse Stroop item preceded a visible Stroop item. The aim of this paradigm was to verify the presence of a conflict adaptation effect and a negative priming effect produced by the subliminal items on the visible items. These two effects are commonly reported in studies using visible stimuli and suggest a transfer of control processes from the prime to the probe. Finally, in a fifth study, we investigated whether inter-individual differences in inhibitory control are in part due to prenatal processes, based on the analysis of the sulcal pattern, considered as a qualitative feature of the cerebral anatomy that is determined during fetal life and is stable during development. Using anatomical magnetic resonance imaging, we analyzed the correlations between the performance on a color-word Stroop task and the sulcal pattern of two key regions of the inhibitory control neural network, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the inferior frontal sulcus (which limits the lower frontal gyrus) in a group of 10-year-old children and in a group of 22-year-old adults. In conclusion, this thesis sheds new light on the question of the generality and the automatization of the inhibitory control processes from a developmental perspective.

Many developing countries have witnessed fast and rapid growth in the last two decades due to the high development rate of economic activity in these countries. Many transportation projects have been constructed. In the same time both population growth and vehicle ownership rate increased; resulting in increasing levels of road crashes. Road traffic crashes in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is considered a serious problem that has deep effects on GCC's population as well as on the national productivity through the loss of lives, injuries, property damage and the loss of valuable resources. From a recent statistical study of traffic crashes in Oman, it was found that in 2013 there were 7,829 crashes occurred for a total of 1,082,996 registered vehicles. These crashes have resulted in 913, 5591, and 1481 fatal, injury and property damage only crashes, respectively (Directorate General of Traffic, 2014), which is considered high rates of fatalities and injuries compared to other more developed countries. This illustrates the seriousness and dangerousness of the safety situation in GCC countries and Oman particularly. Thus, there is an urgent need to alleviate the Severity of the traffic safety problem in GCC which in turn will set a prime example for other developing countries that face similar problems. Two main data sources from Riyadh, the capital city of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and Muscat, the capital city of Sultanate of Oman have been obtained, processed, and utilized in this study. The Riyadh collision and traffic data for this study were obtained in the form of crash database and GIS maps from two main sources: the Higher Commission for the Development of Riyadh (HCDR) and Riyadh Traffic Department (RTD). The Muscat collision and traffic data were obtained from two main sources: the Muscat Municipality (MM) and Royal Oman Police, Directorate General of Traffic (DGC). Since the ARC GIS is still not used for traffic crash geocoding in Oman, the crash data used in the analysis were extracted manually from the filing system in the DGC. Due to the fact that not all developing countries highway agencies possess sufficient crash data that enable the development of robust models, this problem gives rise to the interest of transferability of many of the models and tools developed in the US and other developed nations. The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) is a prime and comprehensive resource recently developed in the US that would have substantial impact if researchers are able to transfer its models to other similar environment in GCC. It would save time, effort, and money. The first edition of the HSM provides a number of safety performance functions (SPFs), which can be used to predict collisions on a roadway network. This dissertation examined the Transferability of HSM SPFs and developing new local models for Riyadh and Muscat. In this study, first, calibration of the HSM SPFs for Urban Four-lane divided roadway segments (U4D) with angle parking in Riyadh and the development of new SPFs were examined. The study calibrates the HSM SPFs using HSM default Crash Modification Factors (CMFs), then new local CMFs is proposed using cross-sectional method, which treats the estimation of calibration factors using fatal and injury data. In addition, new forms for specific SPFs are further evaluated to identify the best model using the Poisson-Gamma regression technique. To investigate how well the safety performance model fits the data set, several performance measures were examined. The performance measures summarize the differences between the observed and predicted values from related SPFs. Results indicate that the jurisdiction-specific SPFs provided the best fit of the data used in this study, and would be the best SPFs for predicting severe collisions in the City of Riyadh. The study finds that the HSM calibration using Riyadh local CMFs outperforms the calibration method using the HSM default values. The HSM calibration application for Riyadh crash conditions highlights the importance to address variability in reporting thresholds. One of the findings of this research is that, while the medians in this study have oversize widths ranging from 16ft-70ft, median width has insignificant effect on fatal and injury crashes. At the same time the frequent angle parking in Riyadh urban road networks seems to increase the fatal and injury collisions by 52 percent. On the other hand, this dissertation examined the calibration of the HSM SPFs for Urban intersections in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the development of new set of models using three year of collision data (2004-2006) from the city of Riyadh. Three intersection categories were investigated: 3-leg signalized, 4-leg signalized, and 3-leg unsignalized. In addition, new forms for specific SPFs are further evaluated to identify the best model using the Poisson-Gamma regression technique. Results indicate that the new local developed SPFs provided the best fit of the data used in this study, and would be the best SPFs for predicting severe crashes at urban intersections in the City of Riyadh Moreover, this study examined the calibration of the HSM SPFs for Fatal and Injury (FI), Property Damage Only (PDO) and total crashes for Urban Four-lane divided roadway segments (U4D) in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman and the development of new SPFs. This study first calibrates the HSM SPFs using the HSM methodology, and then new forms for specific SPFs are further evaluated for Muscat's urban roads to identify the best model. Finally, Riyadh fatal and injury model were validated using Muscat FI dataset. Comparisons across the models indicate that HSM calibrated models are superior with a better model fit and would be the best SPFs for predicting collisions in the City of Muscat. The best developed collision model describes the mean crash frequency as a function of natural logarithm of the annual average daily traffic, segment length, and speed limit. The study finds that the differences in road geometric design features and FI collision characteristics between Riyadh and Muscat resulted in an un-transferable Riyadh crash prediction model. Overall, this study lays an important foundation towards the implementation of HSM methods in multiple cities (Riyadh and Muscat), and could help their transportation officials to make informed decisions regarding road safety programs. The implications of the results are extendible to other cities and countries and the region, and perhaps other developing countries as well.

Family-centred service (FCS), which acknowledges the importance of family engagement in therapeutic processes and focuses on needs of all family members, is increasingly being recognized as an optimal care delivery model for families of children with developmental disabilities. However, services for families are oftentimes ‘child-centric’, wherein family members are seen as partners in therapy or care delivery only, while their own or family needs are not addressed. This arises from the lack of awareness of complex and highly individual family needs by professionals with whom they interact, but also from a significant lack of services oriented toward parent-specific needs in current delivery models. This thesis aims to address this knowledge gap and provides solutions for parental support in the context of pediatric developmental rehabilitation, which might also be applicable to other settings (e.g., community, education). The objectives of this thesis were: (a) to conduct a systematic review synthesizing randomized controlled trials aiming to address parents’ physical, psychological and socioeconomic well-being; (b) to perform cross-cultural and language adaptation and proof-of-concept pilot exploration of an innovative, strengths-based support program ‘ENabling VISions And Growing Expectation’ (ENVISAGE) for parents of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities in Croatia; (c) to refine the Croatian version of the program according to the pilot study results; (d) to run the first set of ENVISAGE workshops and evaluate their impact on Croatian parents’ perception of self, their child with a disability and their family; and (e) to learn about participants’ experience with the program. The findings show that interventions aiming to improve parents’ well-being have limited but promising effectiveness on parents’ health and well-being outcomes. ENVISAGE has proven to be a comprehensive, acceptable, usable, feasible and impactful program for parents of children with developmental disabilities in Croatia. / Dissertation / Doctor of Science (PhD) / Parents raising children with developmental disabilities have unique challenges in their parenting role, which might impact their health and well-being. However, there has been very little focus on parental and family needs in the context of pediatric developmental rehabilitation. Parents are often expected to focus on their child’s issues when their own support needs are usually also significant. This thesis aimed to address this research and practice gap through: a) evaluating best quality evidence on how to support parental well-being; and b) piloting a novel ‘early intervention’ support program for parents of children with disabilities, ‘ENabling VISions And Growing Expectation’ (ENVISAGE), in a new culture and language setting, Croatia. These findings have implications for spreading awareness of innovative programs to improve well-being of parents of children with developmental disabilities in various sectors (e.g., healthcare, community).

Contexte : Les interventions de promotion de la santé agissent sur l'ensemble des déterminants de la santé. Cette caractéristique en fait le levier nécessaire à la lutte contre les inégalités sociales de santé mais rendent ces dernières complexes à mettre en oeuvre, à évaluer et à transférer. Il y a un enjeu à développer en France la promotion de la santé fondée sur les preuves et donc à favoriser le transfert d'interventions. La question de la transférabilité, c'est-à-dire la mesure dans laquelle l'effet d'une intervention dans un contexte donné peut être atteint dans un autre contexte, devient alors cruciale à étudier. Objectif : Les objectifs de ce travail étaient : définir le concept de la transférabilité dans le champ de la promotion de la santé ; développer un outil d'analyse de la transférabilité et d'accompagnement au transfert d'intervention de promotion de la santé. Méthodes : Pour répondre à ces objectifs, nous avons mis en oeuvre un projet, EVATRAPS (EVAluation de la TRAnsférabilité des interventions en Promotion de la Santé). Ce projet s'est déroulé en deux étapes. La première consistait en une revue de la littérature qui visait notamment à définir le concept de transférabilité, en déterminer les facteurs d'influence, repérer s'il existait des outils permettant d'analyser la transférabilité des interventions. La deuxième étape a été réalisée grâce à une méthode de concept mapping qui permettait de faire générer par un groupe d'experts une liste de critères de transférabilité des interventions en promotion de la santé, de les organiser en catégories et de coter leur pertinence. Ces critères ont ensuite été organisés en un outil d'analyse de la transférabilité et testé à deux reprises sur le terrain par des chefs de projets et experts. Résultats : L'outil conçu, nommé ASTAIRE (outil d'AnalySe de la Transférabilité et d'Accompagnement à l'adaptation des InteRventions en promotion de la santE), est organisé en deux grilles, l'une de 18 critères et 56 sous-critères destinée aux producteurs d'interventions nouvelles afin qu'ils intègrent, dès la conception de leur intervention, des paramètres de transférabilité ; une deuxième grille de 23 critères et 69 sous-critères, destinée aux acteurs de terrain et visant à analyser la transférabilité d'une intervention de promotion de la santé et accompagner son adaptation dans un nouveau contexte. Discussion : Ce travail a permis de proposer des perspectives concernant l'utilisation d'ASTAIRE, l'intégration de la démarche fondée sur les preuves dans la conduite de projets en promotion de la santé et plus globalement, le développement du transfert de connaissances en France. Enfin, nous avons poursuivi nos réflexions sur les modalités de recherche prenant davantage en compte la complexité des interventions de promotion de la santé / Context: Health promotion interventions influence all health determinants and contribute to reduce social inequities in health. So, interventions in this field are considered complex, both to implement, to evaluate and consequently to transfer in another setting. That is why, it is difficult to develop, in France, evidence-based health promotion and, consequently, to transfer health promotion intervention experimented in another setting. Transferability, that is the extent to which the result of one intervention in a given setting can be achieved in another setting, becomes an important subject to study. Objective: The objectives were: (1) to define the concept of transferability in health promotion; (2) to develop a tool to analyze transferability and to support the adaptation of health promotion interventions to new setting. Methods: We implemented a project named, EVATRAPS (EVAluation of TRAnsferabilty of health Promotion interventionS). The project developed in two steps. The first step was an review of international literature intended to define factors that influence transferability and tools and criteria available to assess transferability. The second step used a concept mapping method that allowed to a group of experts, to generate a list of ideas associated with a concept, to group them statistically into categories and to score them for their relevance. From the final list of criteria thus structured, a tool to analyze transferability was created. This tool was subsequently tested by stakeholders and experts. Results: After testing, a tool, named ASTAIRE (for ASsessment of Transferability and Adaptation of health promotion InteRvEntions), contained 23 criteria structured into four categories. It consists of two grids?one for reporting data from primary interventions and one for analyzing transferability of intervention and supporting their adaptation to the new setting. Discussion: This project contributed to develop perspectives to facilitate the transfer of health promotion interventions, leverage evidence-based practices and more globally develop a knowledge transfer system in France. Finally, we have suggested reflexions about research methodologies in health promotion in order that they take into account of complexity of health promotion intervention, notably in evidence based practices perspective