Este trabalho aborda a tradução, do português brasileiro para o inglês estadunidense, de itens culturais-específicos – entendidos como palavras ou expressões que, em um contexto, devido à falta de correspondentes precisos na língua-alvo, podem causar problemas de tradução – a partir de um estudo de caso: o livro-reportagem “1808: como uma rainha louca, um príncipe medroso e uma corte corrupta enganaram Napoleão e mudaram a História de Portugal e do Brasil”, de Laurentino Gomes. A pesquisa tem como objetivo principal a análise das escolhas tradutórias para os itens culturais-específicos presentes na obra em português. A motivação deste trabalho deve-se à necessidade de refletir sobre o papel da tradução de informações sobre a história e a cultura de um país. A obra “1808” discorre, de um modo acessível, sobre a época da vinda da corte portuguesa ao Brasil. O referencial teórico se baseia, entre outros, em Hurtado Albir (2011), que considera que não só o conhecimento sobre o público, mas também sobre o gênero textual e sobre a finalidade da tradução são fatores que um tradutor deve considerar no processo tradutório, e em Christiane Nord (2016), que enfatiza a importância da função textual, para o estudo referente à visão de tradução adotada. Adotou-se, neste trabalho, o conceito de itens culturais-específicos de Franco Aixelá (2013). Apresentaram-se também as estratégias de tradução de Franco Aixelá (2013), em comparação a técnicas de tradução de Hurtado Albir (2011), e as categorias culturais de Espindola (2005), consideradas para a análise. Quanto aos passos metodológicos, levantaram-se inicialmente candidatos a item cultural-específico. Após, separaram-se os candidatos por categorias culturais (dezesseis ao todo), levantaram-se as traduções dos candidatos e, por fim, filtraram-se os candidatos para a obtenção dos itens culturais-específicos em si. A partir disso, consideraram-se, principalmente, as estratégias de tradução propostas por Franco Aixelá (2013) para a classificação das escolhas tradutórias observadas. Quando estas não foram consideradas suficientes, utilizaram-se as técnicas de Hurtado Albir (2011) para a classificação. Franco Aixelá (2013) separa suas estratégias por estratégias de conservação e estratégias de substituição. Na análise, constatou-se um maior número de estratégias de conservação (245 vezes) em relação às de substituição (113 vezes) – além disso, classificaram-se duas escolhas como técnicas de Hurtado Albir (2011) –, porém concluiu-se que esse resultado não indica necessariamente que a tradução não tenha um caráter didático ou acessível, pois, em muitos momentos, essas escolhas tradutórias apresentam elementos que propiciam a aproximação do texto com a cultura alvo. / This study deals with the translation, from Brazilian Portuguese to American English, of culture-specific items – known as words or expressions that, in a context, due to the lack of precise correspondents in the target language, can cause translation problems – through a case study: the non-fiction book “1808: como uma rainha louca, um príncipe medroso e uma corte corrupta enganaram Napoleão e mudaram a História de Portugal e do Brasil”, by Laurentino Gomes. The main objective of the study is the analysis of the translation choices for culturespecific items in the source text. The motivation for this work comes from the necessity of reflecting on the role of translation of information about the history and the culture of a country. The book “1808” portrays, in an accessible way, the time of the arrival of the Portuguese royal family in Brazil. The theoretical framework is based, among others, on Hurtado Albir (2011), who considers that not only the knowledge about the audience, but also about the literary genre and the purpose of the translation are factors which a translator must consider in the translation process, and Christiane Nord (2016), who emphasizes the importance of the literary function, for the study of the adopted vision of translation. In this study, Franco Aixelá’s (2013) concept of culture-specific items was adopted. The strategies of translation of Franco Aixelá (2013), in comparison with the translation techniques of Hurtado Albir (2011), and the cultural categories of Espindola (2005), which were taken into consideration for the analysis, were also presented. Regarding the methodological steps, initially, prospective culture-specific items were identified. Then, the candidates were sorted through cultural categories (sixteen in total), the translations of the candidates were collected and, finally, the candidates were filtered for the obtention of the culture-specific items. From this, the translation strategies proposed by Franco Aixelá (2013) were primarily considered for the classification of the translation choices analyzed in this study. When the concept of Franco Aixelá (2013) could not comprise our analysis, Hurtado Albir’s (2011) translation techniques were used to categorize the translations. Franco Aixelá (2013) separates his strategies into strategies of conservation and strategies of substitution. In the analysis, a larger number of strategies of conservation was found (245 times) in comparison to strategies of substitution (113 times) – in addition to that, two choices were categorized as techniques of Hurtado Albir (2011) –, however, it was possible to conclude that this result is not necessarily an indication that the translation does not show a didactic or accessible nature, because, in many moments, these translation choices present elements that enable the approximation of the text to the target-culture.

Este trabalho aborda a tradução, do português brasileiro para o inglês estadunidense, de itens culturais-específicos – entendidos como palavras ou expressões que, em um contexto, devido à falta de correspondentes precisos na língua-alvo, podem causar problemas de tradução – a partir de um estudo de caso: o livro-reportagem “1808: como uma rainha louca, um príncipe medroso e uma corte corrupta enganaram Napoleão e mudaram a História de Portugal e do Brasil”, de Laurentino Gomes. A pesquisa tem como objetivo principal a análise das escolhas tradutórias para os itens culturais-específicos presentes na obra em português. A motivação deste trabalho deve-se à necessidade de refletir sobre o papel da tradução de informações sobre a história e a cultura de um país. A obra “1808” discorre, de um modo acessível, sobre a época da vinda da corte portuguesa ao Brasil. O referencial teórico se baseia, entre outros, em Hurtado Albir (2011), que considera que não só o conhecimento sobre o público, mas também sobre o gênero textual e sobre a finalidade da tradução são fatores que um tradutor deve considerar no processo tradutório, e em Christiane Nord (2016), que enfatiza a importância da função textual, para o estudo referente à visão de tradução adotada. Adotou-se, neste trabalho, o conceito de itens culturais-específicos de Franco Aixelá (2013). Apresentaram-se também as estratégias de tradução de Franco Aixelá (2013), em comparação a técnicas de tradução de Hurtado Albir (2011), e as categorias culturais de Espindola (2005), consideradas para a análise. Quanto aos passos metodológicos, levantaram-se inicialmente candidatos a item cultural-específico. Após, separaram-se os candidatos por categorias culturais (dezesseis ao todo), levantaram-se as traduções dos candidatos e, por fim, filtraram-se os candidatos para a obtenção dos itens culturais-específicos em si. A partir disso, consideraram-se, principalmente, as estratégias de tradução propostas por Franco Aixelá (2013) para a classificação das escolhas tradutórias observadas. Quando estas não foram consideradas suficientes, utilizaram-se as técnicas de Hurtado Albir (2011) para a classificação. Franco Aixelá (2013) separa suas estratégias por estratégias de conservação e estratégias de substituição. Na análise, constatou-se um maior número de estratégias de conservação (245 vezes) em relação às de substituição (113 vezes) – além disso, classificaram-se duas escolhas como técnicas de Hurtado Albir (2011) –, porém concluiu-se que esse resultado não indica necessariamente que a tradução não tenha um caráter didático ou acessível, pois, em muitos momentos, essas escolhas tradutórias apresentam elementos que propiciam a aproximação do texto com a cultura alvo. / This study deals with the translation, from Brazilian Portuguese to American English, of culture-specific items – known as words or expressions that, in a context, due to the lack of precise correspondents in the target language, can cause translation problems – through a case study: the non-fiction book “1808: como uma rainha louca, um príncipe medroso e uma corte corrupta enganaram Napoleão e mudaram a História de Portugal e do Brasil”, by Laurentino Gomes. The main objective of the study is the analysis of the translation choices for culturespecific items in the source text. The motivation for this work comes from the necessity of reflecting on the role of translation of information about the history and the culture of a country. The book “1808” portrays, in an accessible way, the time of the arrival of the Portuguese royal family in Brazil. The theoretical framework is based, among others, on Hurtado Albir (2011), who considers that not only the knowledge about the audience, but also about the literary genre and the purpose of the translation are factors which a translator must consider in the translation process, and Christiane Nord (2016), who emphasizes the importance of the literary function, for the study of the adopted vision of translation. In this study, Franco Aixelá’s (2013) concept of culture-specific items was adopted. The strategies of translation of Franco Aixelá (2013), in comparison with the translation techniques of Hurtado Albir (2011), and the cultural categories of Espindola (2005), which were taken into consideration for the analysis, were also presented. Regarding the methodological steps, initially, prospective culture-specific items were identified. Then, the candidates were sorted through cultural categories (sixteen in total), the translations of the candidates were collected and, finally, the candidates were filtered for the obtention of the culture-specific items. From this, the translation strategies proposed by Franco Aixelá (2013) were primarily considered for the classification of the translation choices analyzed in this study. When the concept of Franco Aixelá (2013) could not comprise our analysis, Hurtado Albir’s (2011) translation techniques were used to categorize the translations. Franco Aixelá (2013) separates his strategies into strategies of conservation and strategies of substitution. In the analysis, a larger number of strategies of conservation was found (245 times) in comparison to strategies of substitution (113 times) – in addition to that, two choices were categorized as techniques of Hurtado Albir (2011) –, however, it was possible to conclude that this result is not necessarily an indication that the translation does not show a didactic or accessible nature, because, in many moments, these translation choices present elements that enable the approximation of the text to the target-culture.

The aim of this paper is to examine the author’s Swedish translation of French specific terms linked to a particular theme: mountain life in old time France. Which translation techniques are used, and how can these be related to the target text’s function? This is done from a functionalist point of view, where Reiss and Vermeer’s  skopos theory and Nord’s translation brief model provide a theoretical base. This approach is used in combination with terminological concepts and Vinay and Darbelnet’s different translation techniques. These are slightly modified to accommodate for other elements, such as the voluntary omission of a term. The source text is a chapter from a book on the Hautes-Alpes, translated for the Swedish Alpine Club’s imaginary jubilee book on mountain life around the world. A total of 98 different terms are identified and classified into three groups according to their characteristics: special terms, local terms and general terms. The approach is mainly a qualitative one, analyzing a selection of terms. Some quantitative data is presented as a reference point for the analysis. The results suggest that the definition of a skopos does not provide any clear indications regarding the translation technique used, and there does not seem to be any strong causal relations between the type of term, the skopos and the translation technique. The translation techniques using equivalence, modulation, omission and explanatory additions are the most commonly used. In each individual translation case, there is an interaction between the rule of coherence and the rule of fidelity. This requires a great deal of flexibility when it comes to finding a target text solution that is coherent for the reader identified in the translation brief. No standardized solutions are offered and the skopos oriented translation will use a wide variety of translation techniques.

O presente estudo enfoca o trabalho tradutório de Franz Rosenzweig, que esse autor considerava um dos melhores exemplos de aplicação prática do sistema filosófico apresentado em sua obra maior, A Estrela da Redenção. Entender de que forma uma prática de tradução pode constituir-se em aplicação de uma filosofia tão densa e carregada de noções teológicas, bem como compreender de que maneira o minimalismo das inovadoras técnicas de tradução de Rosenzweig (que chegam a levar em conta aspectos de nível fisiológico do leitor) pode propiciar que sejam alcançados objetivos tão grandiosos quanto o preservar-se na tradução o potencial de Revelação do texto original, são alguns dos objetivos deste estudo. Na busca de superar-se uma dicotomia que é, indevidamente, pouco notada na obra de Rosenzweig, e também para se dar conta de uma certa confusão de categorias teológico-filosóficas com categorias lingüísticas, confusão essa que dificulta o trabalho de quem está voltado primordialmente a aspectos de seu trabalho de tradução, Rosenzweig é posto em diálogo principalmente com Bakhtin e Benjamin, mas também com Meschonnic. Assim, o enigmático potencial de Revelação do texto original a ser preservado na tradução vai sucessivamente se aclarando através de noções tais como a responsividade do enunciado em Bakhtin, a palavra que é resposta e a tempestividade na enunciação no próprio Rosenzweig, e o ritmo ou a oralidade do texto em Meschonnic. O passo decisivo que nos leva a concluir que o que está em jogo nessa tradução dialógica de Rosenzweig é um traduzir de vivências na língua, é dado através da noção de intensividade na linguagem [ou, na(s) língua(s)] que é aqui reconhecida e desenvolvida a partir da grande proximidade entre as filosofias de Bakhtin, Rosenzweig e Benjamin. Essa proximidade central e profunda entre as filosofias desses três autores, e que talvez não tenha sido devidamente aquilatada até aqui, é igualmente apresentada e argumentada neste trabalho. Finalmente, essas técnicas tradutórias que se voltam para vivências autorizam ainda duas conclusões, uma acerca desse traduzir, a outra acerca da natureza da linguagem e das línguas: 1) a atitude tradutória de Rosenzweig configura um bartheano writerly turn in translation; 2) é no plano da intensividade na linguagem (e não no da referência), ou seja, é a partir de vivências na língua tais como, p. ex., a da percepção do que há de polissêmico numa homofonia, que se dá o sentimento de pertença de uma língua (nativa ou não). É a partir disso que uma língua se torna para mim uma língua minha, e para uma comunidade ou para um povo uma língua nossa. / This study examines the translation work of Franz Rosenzweig (1886-1929), which he considered to be one of the best examples of a practical application of the philosophy expounded in his major work, The Star of Redemption (1921). Some of the aims of this study are to understand how a translation practice may constitute an application of such a dense philosophy so much loaded with theological concepts, and also to make sense of how the minimalism of Rosenzweigs innovative translation techniques (some of which take into account aspects that involve the physiological level of the reader) manage to reach objectives of such grandeur as the preserving, in translation, of the Revelation potentially present in the original text. Furthermore, in order to overcome a not much noticed dichotomy in Rosenzweigs thought, and also to surmount a certain confusion of theological-philosophic categories with linguistic categories which makes difficult the job of someone mainly focused in his translation work, Rosenzweig is here put in dialogue, mainly with Bakhtin and Benjamin, but also with Meschonnic. In this way, the enigmatic Revelation potential of the original text, that must be kept in translation, is clarified by a series of notions such as the respondibility of speech in Bakhtin, the word-and-response and the due-time speech in Rosenzweig himself, and the rhythm and the orality of the text in Meschonnic. The decisive step that allows us to conclude that what is here at issue is a translation of experiences lived in a language, is given via the notion of intensiveness in language (or in the languages) which we here recognize and develop. This is done by starting from key concepts in Bakhtin, Rosenzweig and Benjamin, concepts that prove to be very close to each other. This close proximity of the philosophies of these three authors is a factas far as we know not fully noted up to nowwhich we also argue for in the present work. Finally, this translation of experiences lived in a language into experiences lived in another language allows for two further conclusions to be reached in the present work, one concerning the nature of such a translation, the other concerning the nature of language: 1) Rosenzweigs attitude as translator may be understood as a Barthean writerly turn in translation; 2) it is within intensiveness (and not reference) in language, i. e., it is via experiences such as, for example, the perceiving of the polisemic potential of a homophony, that one feels that a language (native or not) belongs to him or her. It is via this kind of experiences lived in a language that this language becomes for me (one of) my language(s). Thus it becomes, for a community or a people, our language.

Translation is all about finding the similar word and expression in the target language ́s culture and to try to obtain the same message as the source text. What a translator does with a translation project from the source language to the target language includes a process where several elements interact: finding the correct terminology in the target culture and be able to transfer the connotation and the message to the reader in the target language. The aim of this investigation is to identify and analyze the difficulties that may appear in the process of translating cultural aspects between Swedish and Spanish. The source text is a Swedish study Mediebilden av Sverige efter Stieg Larsson och Millennium (Sweden beyond the Millennium and Stieg Larsson) by Joakim Lind (2012) that has been translated into Spanish. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the translation techniques neutralization and the cultural equivalent are most suitable to use in the translation of cultural elements. The results of the study showed what was expected from the beginning, that it was mostly these two translation techniques that were used: neutralization and the cultural equivalent, but in several cases it was necessary to use other techniques like literal translation. The process of translation cannot only depend on one or two translation techniques and the translator must be able to recognize when the appropriate technique should be used. In several cases it has to be a combination of two or three translation techniques to be able to reach a good final result of the translated text.

Unlike for legal, scientific or literary texts, it is generally considered that tourist texts do not present any difficulties that require the involvement of a professional translator. Considering the development and specialization the tourism industry has been subjected to for some years, it is strange that this point of view does not seem to change. The aim of this paper is to examine the semantic problems that are found in the translation of a specialized tourist text, as well as the techniques that are used to solve them, keeping always in mind the purpose of the target text and the different backgrounds of the presumptive readers.

Los estudios sobre traducción se han enfocado desde sus inicios en la literatura. En el contexto de la literatura latinoamericana, la marginalidad cobró un papel importante en las producciones de Julio Ramón Ribeyro. La presente investigación pretende analizar la traducción de la representación de la marginalidad a través de la descripción de los personajes y escenarios. Análisis previos de La palabra del mudo han tratado la marginalidad de los personajes desde enfoques socioeconómicos y étnico-raciales. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo, planteamos un nuevo enfoque para el abordaje de esta temática, es decir, lo psicosocial. En este trabajo, se empleará una metodología cualitativa a través del análisis de contenidos y el análisis textual contrastivo. De esta manera, se elaborará un libro de códigos que servirá en la identificación de los elementos textuales en los que se evidencia la marginalidad y, a continuación, se realizará el análisis de las técnicas de traducción empleadas con el objetivo de identificar si existen cambios en la representación de la marginalidad en la lengua de destino. / Translation studies have focused on literature since their early days. In the context of Latinoamerican literature, marginality played an important role in Julio Ramón Ribeyro’s narrative production. This investigation aims to analyze the translation of marginality representation through the description of characters and settings. Previous analyses of La palabra del mudo have addressed marginality of the characters from socioeconomic and etno-racial approaches. For the purpose of this investigation, we propose a new approach to address marginality, the psychosocial approach. Therefore, a qualitative methodology will be applied using content analysis and contrastive-textual analysis. A codebook will be designed to identify the textual elements in which marginality is found, followed by an analysis of translation techniques applied in order to identify any changes in the representation of marginality in the target language. / Trabajo de investigación

La presente investigación aborda la traducción de los rickyisms, aquellos malapropismos y eggcorns que constituyen el idiolecto de Ricky LaFleur, personaje principal de la serie canadiense Trailer Park Boys. Estos rasgos marcados construyen y caracterizan al personaje; pues, los malapropismos y eggcorns generan el efecto humorístico que el material audiovisual promete. Por ello, este estudio pretende analizar cómo se han traducido los rasgos marcados del habla de Ricky en la subtitulación al español latinoamericano con el objetivo de reconocer las técnicas de traducción empleadas y analizar la caracterización del personaje en el texto fuente y meta. Para la investigación se utilizará el enfoque cualitativo mediante la estrategia de estudio de caso. Además, se usarán las técnicas de análisis de contenido y análisis textual contrastivo sobre la base de una selección de muestras del idiolecto de Ricky para desarrollar los objetivos específicos del estudio. / This research deals with the translation of rickyisms, those malapropisms and eggcorns that constitute the idiolect of Ricky LaFleur, main character of the Canadian series Trailer Park Boys. These marked aspects build and characterize the character; thus, malapropisms and eggcorns generate the humorous effect that the audiovisual material promises. Therefore, this study aims to analyse how these marked characteristics of Ricky's speech have been translated in the Latin American Spanish subtitling in order to recognize the translation techniques used and to analyse the characterization of Ricky in the source and target text. The research will use the qualitative approach through the case study strategy. In addition, the techniques of content analysis and contrastive analysis based on a selection of samples of Ricky's idiolect will be used to develop the specific objectives of the study. / Trabajo de investigación

Dentro de las relaciones sociales, las identidades raciales no solo varían entre contextos, sino también entre interacciones específicas que influyen en el lenguaje. Este fenómeno se puede observar en los materiales audiovisuales como las películas, donde diversos personajes con motivaciones y trasfondos distintos interactúan entre sí. De este modo, un traductor debe considerar bajo qué circunstancias se usan ciertos elementos lingüísticos como términos o frases. Con esta premisa, la presente investigación propone analizar la terminología y fraseología étnico-racial de los doblajes al español latino y peninsular de la película BlacKkKlansman; esto por medio de un corpus de términos y frases étnico-raciales previamente seleccionados de la cinta. Por un lado, el análisis de contenido permite analizar cómo el uso de esta terminología y fraseología étnico-racial en contexto se agrupa de acuerdo con una situación en específico en la que transcurren los diálogos seleccionados. Por otro lado, el análisis textual contrastivo tiene la intención de analizar cómo se tradujeron los diálogos con términos y frases étnico-raciales de la versión latina y peninsular entre distintos personajes pertenecientes a un grupo étnico específico en contexto de la versión original en inglés. / Within social relationships, racial identities not only differ between contexts, but also on specific interactions which influence language. This phenomenon can be noticed in audiovisual materials such as movies, where various characters with different motivations and backgrounds interact with others. Thus, a translator must consider under which context certain linguistic elements such as terms or phrases are used. Therefore, this study focuses on the analysis of the translation of ethno-racial terminology and phraseology in the dubbing of BlacKkKlansman into Latin American and European Spanish, based on a corpus of ethnic-racial terms and phrases previously selected from the movie. On one hand, the content analysis will allow us to analyze how the use of this ethno-racial terminology and phraseology in context is grouped according to a specific situation in which the selected dialogues take place. On the other, the contrastive textual analysis has the intention of analyzing how the dialogues containing ethnic-racial terms and phrases from the Latin American and European versions were translated between different characters belonging to a specific group or ideology in context of the original English version. / Trabajo de investigación

С увеличением контактов на литературном и культурном уровнях между Китаем и другими странами, ростом интереса к китайскому языку и культуре, возникает потребность в выполнении качественных переводов художественного текста с китайского языка на другие языки. Однако из-за различий языков, менталитетов и национальных особенностей разных стран, прагматическая адаптация представляет собой особые трудности для достижения адекватности при переводе художественного перевода. Объектом нашего исследования служит прагматическая адаптация при переводе художественного текста. Предметом работы являются приемы и стратегии прагматической адаптации при передачи китайских реалий в переводе рассказа Мо Яня «Белая собака на качелях» с китайского на русский и английский языки. Данная дипломная работа состоит из введения, 2 глав, выводов по главам, заключения, списка литературы и приложения. Первая глава посвящена основной теории данного исследования, точнее, изложению теории известных лингвистов и ученых о прагматической адаптации, адекватности, художественном переводе и реалиям, выяснению понятия определения, классификации, приемов и стратегий прагматической адаптации. Во 2-ой главе мы изучаем приемы и стратегии прагматической адаптации для достижения адекватности при переводе китайских реалий в рассказе Мо Яня «Белая собака на качелях». Сначала мы исследуем авторское своеобразие данного рассказа. Затем мы анализируем разные приемы при переводе реалий в художественном тексте, и в конце сравниваем стратегии, пользуемые переводчиками. В заключении подводятся основные итоги работы. В приложениях представлены список ошибок в переводах и таблица сравнения китайско-англо-русского перевода китайских реалий. В общем, в работе конкретизируются понятия прагматической адаптации, адекватности и художественного перевода, и описываются прагматические приемы и стратегии при переводе реалий в художественном тексте, что предоставляет нам больше материалов для изучения прагматической адаптации и дает нам возможность вникать в китайскую литературу и культуру. / With the increasing contacts at the literary and cultural levels between China and other countries and with the growing interest in the Chinese language and culture, there is a need for quality translations of literary text from Chinese into other languages. Due to the differences in languages, mentalities and national characteristics of different countries, pragmatic translations of word-realities present special difficulties for literary translation. The object of study of this work is pragmatic adaptation in the translation. The subject of our study is the pragmatic techniques and strategies used in transmitting Chinese realities in the translation of Mo Yan’s story “The White Dog and the Swing”. The theoretical materials for our study were the story “White Dog and the Swing”, its translations in Russian and in English, linguistic works of translation theory, linguistic dictionaries and other articles related to our study. The work consists of introduction, 2 chapters, conclusions on chapters, conclusion, list of references and applications. The first chapter is devoted to the basic theory of this study, more precisely, the presentation of the theory of famous linguists about pragmatic adaptation, adequacy and literary translation, clarification of the concepts of definition and classification of pragmatic adaptation, adequacy of translation and the specifics of literary translation. In chapter 2, we study the techniques and strategies of pragmatic adaptation to achieve adequacy in translating Chinese realities in the story. First, we introduce the originality of the author of this story and the backgrounds of two translators. Then we define the concepts of realities and describe the classifications of Chinese realities in this story. Then we analyze rich translation examples in aspects of different realities, and in the end we compare the strategies used by translators. In conclusion, the main results of the work are summarized. The appendices present a summary of errors in the translations and a comparison table of the Chinese-English-Russian translation of Chinese realities. In general, the paper concretizes the concepts of pragmatic adaptation used by translators to achieve adequacy in translating Mo Yan’s story “The White Dog on a Swing”, and describes pragmatic techniques and strategies for conveying realities in literary translation, which gives us the opportunity to delve into Chinese literature and culture.