<p>In modern military operations the requirements of transmitting large amounts of information have increased substantially during the last decade. This increases the demand for high-capacity radio networks. It is also very important that military decisions are made on recent and correct information and this implies that low and known delays are required. The existing military radio ommunications, within the Swedish army, do not meet the requirements for capacity and delay. </p><p>We have investigated how the capacity and average delay can be improved in an Ad Hoc network with STDMA by using antenna arrays. The study is based on different antenna combinations consistingof single isotropic antenna element, beam steering and adaptive beamforming. We have also studied how the number of antenna elements, the terrain, and an increased connectivity due to the antenna arrays_affects the performance measurements. </p><p>The study shows that the capacity is improved with up to 1200%, and the average delays are decreased when using antenna arrays instead of single isotropic antenna elements. Depending on the beamforming combination used the capacity gain and average delay reduction will differ. The way of using the antenna array also affects the capacity gain and average delay. The capacity gain is higher when the antenna array is used not only to suppress and decrease interferences, but also to increase the connectivity. </p><p>The study also shows that the capacity gain is higher when using more antenna elements for a network with a high number of links, than with fewer. The benefit from antenna arrays is higher in a flat terrain than in a rough.</p>

L’étude de la relation de l’homme avec la nature n’est pas un fait nouveau, surtout en ce qui concerne le triptyque homme/animaux/plantes. En effet, un bon nombre de travaux réalisés en sciences sociales a permis de mettre à jour différents niveaux de compréhension dans lequel l’humain met en évidence la faune et la flore dans ses activités quotidiennes. C’est le cas de notre sujet qui porte sur les usages et les représentations des totems chez les Nzèbi du Gabon. Toutefois, ce qui fait la richesse d’une recherche c’est avant tout sa spécificité et sa capacité à enrichir la science. Ainsi, notre recherche repose sur les discours et les légendes de la société nzèbi sur ses totems. Cette société qui se trouve repartie dans trois provinces sur les neuf que compte le Gabon, les nzèbi ont gardé une partie importante de leur héritage ancien, notamment celui qui les lie à leurs totems. Basée sur le principe de l’oralité, cette société véhicule l’essentiel des connaissances sur les totems par un enseignement qui se fait en des lieux et des circonstances souvent déterminé dans un cadre traditionnel. Si le totem a toujours fait partie de la cosmogonie nzèbi ; c’est-à-dire depuis la création de l’univers comme le présentent certains récits comme le mythe Koto, qui retrace l’histoire des Nzèbi, mais aujourd’hui, cette société ne vit pas en marge des évolutions contemporaines. C’est dans cette logique que cette étude tente aussi d’apprécier à partir des influences que connaissent les Nzèbi, de faire l’état actuel des usages et des représentations des totems dans la société contemporaine nzèbi. / The study of the relation between man and nature is not a new fact, particularly regarding the triptych man / animals / plants. Indeed, many works in social sciences allowed to update various levels of understanding in how the human being highlights the flora and fauna in his daily activities. It is the case of our subject which concerns the uses and the representations of the totems among Nzèbi population, in Gabon. However, what makes the value of a research is the specificity and its capacity to enrich the science. Therefore, our research focuses on the speeches and the legends about totems in the nzèbi society. Nzèbi people which lives in three provinces on nine that count the Gabon, have guarded an important part of their old inheritance, in particular the one who binds them to its totems. Enriched by its oral tradition, this society conveys the main part of their knowledge on the totems by an education which takes place in a traditional frame that is in particular places and circumstances. Totems have always been a key element of the nzèbi cosmogony that is since the creation of the universe to today, as presented in the myth Koto which redraws the history of Nzèbi, but today, this society does not live outside the contemporary evolutions. It is in this perspective that our study also tries to analyse the present issues in nzèbi society, to understand the current state of the uses and the representations of the totems in the nzèbi contempory society.

Woven Light Interference looks into the light and colour phenomenon interference in a textile design context. This is done by introducing dichroic filters to design structures and patterns when weaving. The experimental design research methodology was used to explore dichroic filters’ design possibility and potential, using a textile weaving technique for a spatial context. The final result is visually presented in a collection consisting of six woven textiles that have multiple expressions with internal and external effects. Together, they propose new methods of working with light and colour in the textile design, without incorporating electronics or being connected to wires, but rather change depending on the existing ambient light of a space.

No / Two training schemes namely the orthogonal pilot scheme (OPS) and the superimposed pilot scheme (SPS) are compared in terms of achievable rates in multiple-antenna fading channels with memory. For both schemes, we show that the achievable rate depends on the number of antennas, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and fading speed via the channel estimation error variance and the fraction of time for data transmission. To guarantee positive achievable rates, we show that for the OPS the number of transmit antennas that can be accommodated is limited by the fading speed whereas for the SPS the number of antennas can be arbitrary. For most antenna configurations, we observe that while the SPS is superior in the low-SNR and fastfading regimes, the OPS is superior in other regimes. However, for a few number of antennas (e.g., single antenna), the SPS may also be superior in the low-SNR and slow-fading regimes.

Digital Video Broadcasting (standard DVB) is a system for transmission of the television signals in the digital form. There are used a various types of modulations in this system as QPSK modulation is used in the systems of satellite video broadcasting DVB-S (Satellite) and M-QAM modulations in the cable transmitting DVB-C (Cable). This paper mainly deals with system of the terrestrial digital video broadcasting DVB-T (Terrestrial), where OFDM modulation is used. This type of signal processing is more resistant to the distortions caused by multipath transmitting, which is main problem in the DVB-T. Matlab application, which can simulate digital modulation and demodulation of the transmission signals in the DVB-T, is created in this thesis. The models of the transmission channel is inserted between structures of modulator and demodulator. The user of this application can set the parameters of the broadcasting (e.g. constellation, OFDM mode, guard interval insertion) and the type of distortions (additive noise, reflected and delayed signals). By calculation of the channel bit error rate (BER) user can study influences of broadcasting parameters to the quality of transmission.

The purpose of the thesis is to design transmitting antenna based on septum polarizer solution for indoor measurement range. The antenna is considered for both senses of circular polarization. The design is divided into three main sections. First section is devoted to analysis and selection of a suitable waveguide. Ridge waveguide as a crucial part of a septum polarizer is mentioned in this section. Second part is the most critical; here the septum polarizer is analyzed and based on simple procedure also designed. Two suitable horn apertures are then developed as a part of the third section. Individual transmitting antenna parts are assembled together into one model and simulated with excellent results for axial ratio, cross-polarization discrimination, return loss and isolation between ports.

Title: Quantification of the axial system of humans by the TVS method Objective: The aim of this thesis is to introduce the TVS method as an adequate method for determining the biomechanical properties of the human axial system (AS). Method: This thesis presents data analysis from a series of case studies, which were obtained during the development of the TVS method. The data for the analysis were selected by the TVS measurements two times during the pregnancy of six women. On two sections of AS (Th2-Th9 and T11-L2), we examined the ability to soften vibrations of AS with regard to the stage of pregnancy. The results are quantified and provide information about the resonant frequencies, stiffness and damping of selected parts of AS. Results: The TVS method seemed to be adequate to provide information about the change of mechanical properties in depending on the selected parameter and allows the quantification of the biomechanical properties of AS. The results showed the improvement of damping parameter in case of four respondents, whereas the deterioration in case of two respondents. Keywords: IVD, Transfer Vibration through Spine, transmitting mechanical vibrations by the axial system, damping and throughput AS

給定一個圖形G，以及集合M，M為一描述圖形G中各點擁有訊息之情形的集合。圖形G相對於M的的傳遞數是指，於最短時間內，讓圖形中全部點皆獲得所有種類之訊息，並將符號記為t(G;M) 。傳遞過程中每個時間單位將受到下列限制: (1)圖形上的每個點只能與自己相鄰的點交換訊息。 (2)兩個相鄰的點在每個單位時間裡至多只能交換一個訊息。 我們希望可以找到在最短的時間裡完成傳遞的方法，也就是讓圖形G中的每一個點都獲得所有種類之訊息，我們稱此類型問題為訊息傳遞問題。 在本論文中，給定一個圖形G，且圖形G中每個點的訊息只有一個，G中任兩點的訊息都不會相同，符號t(G)代表完成傳遞所需最少的時間單位。我們給定圖形的傳遞數的上界與下界，並且定出一套公式計算樹圖、完全二部圖及雙環網路圖的傳遞數。 / Given a graph G together with a set M , the transmission number of G corresponding to M , denoted by t(G;M), is the minimum number of time needed to complete the transmission , that is, to let all the vertices in G know all the messages in M , subject to the constraints that at each time unit, each vertex can interchange messages with all its neighbors, but the number of messages that two vertices can interchange at each time unit is at most one. We want to find the minimum number of time units required to complete the transmission, that is, to let all the vertices in G know all the messages. We call such a problem the message transmission problem. Given a graph G, the transmission number of G, denoted t(G), is the minimum number of time units required to complete the transmission, under the condition that |m(v)|=1 for all v in V(G). In this thesis, we give upper and lower bounds for the transmission number of G, and give formulas to compute the transmission numbers of trees, complete bipartite graphs and double loop networks.

在知識經濟時代中，經由知識的創造、傳遞與應用獲得創新、異質性的知識和技術，對於產業競爭力的提升具有關鍵影響力。而生物科技產業擁有知識密集、產學互動關係密切、重視創新研發活動的特性，亦與本研究關注知識創新活動相符。加上生物科技的發展，不僅是全球大力投入的新興高科技產業，同時也被定位成國家競爭力的新指標。 所以本文即以生物科技產業為對象，從創新系統脈絡所提及的地理鄰近性和網絡關係切入，透過因素分析及系統分析（SEM）方法分別建構出在生技產業中創新系統行動者--廠商、大學和研究機構的知識傳遞路徑模型。透過所建構出的知識傳遞路徑模型，觀察在廠商和學研機構的知識傳遞活動中，同時考量地理鄰近性與網絡因素前提下，兩者對於知識傳遞路徑的影響程度及其所產生直接或間接的影響、與彼此間的因果關係所形成影響路徑的先後順序，以及地理鄰近性和網絡關係間是否可能存有互補或替代關係。更進一步針對產學研三者間的知識傳遞連結關係進行整體性的結構分析。 研究結果發現： 1.知識傳遞路徑確實存在先後因果關係引發對知識取得直接或間接之影響。在廠商模型中只有廠商聚集直接影響知識取得；而學研機構模型中則是由廠商鄰近與產業網絡直接影響知識獲取。並且因為因果關係的存在而形成知識傳遞路徑的先後順序。 2.在兩個知識傳遞路徑模型中，大學與研究機構都扮演主導創新研發活動的重要角色。 3.在廠商模型中，地理鄰近性與網絡存有互補關係，學研機構模型中則否。 4.地理空間的聚集對於廠商和學研機構的知識取得都具有舉足輕重的地位。 / During the era of knowledge-based economy, acquirement of innovative and heterogeneous knowledge by knowledge and technology creating , transmitting and using has key influence to improvement of industry's competitiveness. Characteristics of Biotechnology industry, which conform to this research pays close attention to the knowledge innovation activity are knowledge -intensive , close interactions between industry – university and emphasizing innovative and research development .It is not merely a new developing Hi-Tech industry of global great input, but also the new index of national competitiveness at the same time . This thesis regards biotechnology industry as the research subject promptly, based on viewpoints of geographical proximity and networks to understand the relations between innovative actors -- firm, university and research institution -- and to construct out the route model of transmission through factor analysis and systematic analysis(SEM).According to route model , while observing in the activities of knowledge transmitting, find out the actors’ influence degree and exert a direct or indirect influence in the route model , and try to figure out geographical proximity may be complementary or substitute to the networks. Go still one step further to concern the structure analysis which among the firms, universities and research institutes. The result of study is found: 1.The causality of knowledge transmission exists positively in the route to cause direct or indirect influences on knowledge acquiring and form the priority order .Only it influences knowledge to be obtained directly that the firms gather in firm's model; geographical proximity and firm's network influencing knowledge acquisition directly while learning to university and research institution's model . 2.In both route model, the university and research institution all act as leading actor in innovative activities. 3.In firm's model, the geographical proximity has complementary relations with the network, which has opposite relation in university and research institution's model. 4.The gathering in the geographical space has a very important position in the process of knowledge acquiring to all innovative actors.

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