À Montréal, les Haïtiens forment le troisième groupe ethnique en importance et offrent un exemple de peuple en diaspora. Étudier leurs mobilités et pratiques transnationales, ainsi que leurs incidences sur la redéfinition des concepts d’identité et de territoire, permet alors de comprendre les articulations entre le local et le transnational, dans le contexte de globalisation et de rétrécissement du monde permis par les nouvelles technologies. L’objectif de la recherche est de comprendre l’impact des pratiques transnationales et des médias dans la construction territoriale et l’ancrage des Haïtiens montréalais. Pour ce faire, 18 entrevues de type récit de vie ont été menées auprès d’un échantillon représentant les différentes vagues d’immigration haïtienne et des tables rondes ont été organisées. L’analyse des discours a permis de mettre en lumière les trajectoires, les lieux et types d’ancrages ainsi que le rôle des nouvelles technologies dans les liens translocaux de cette communauté. Les résultats, non généralisables, mettent de l’avant le rôle important des médias dans l’ancrage. Par exemple, l’ancrage des migrants de la première vague a été facilité par la création de radios haïtiennes, ces dernières ayant aidé à cimenter la communauté d’alors. Pour les deuxièmes générations, les nouveaux médias permettent de s’identifier à la diaspora et de s’ancrer en Haïti, avec des projets de développement, comme à Montréal, à travers l’expérience du cosmopolitisme. Finalement, l’analyse des récits de vie des nouveaux arrivants le confirme : les médias donnent la possibilité d’un ancrage inédit gardé à disposition avec les nouvelles technologies d’information et de communication. / Montreal’s Haitian community is the third ethnic group in terms of importance and offers an interesting example of diaspora. Studying their mobility practices and how these practices impact concepts such as identity and place allows us to understand their articulations on a local and transnational scale, in a context of globalisation and contraction of the world due to new technologies. Specifically, this study aims to understand how transnational practices and media impact territorial constructions and ancrage of Haitians in Montreal. For this purpose, 18 interviews and two round-table discussions were organized. A careful analysis of these illustrates the trajectories, places and types of ancrage and the role of new technologies in the translocal connections of this community. The results, which cannot be generalized, highlight the crucial role of media in the ancrage process. For example, the first wave’s migrant’s ancrage was facilitated by the creation of local Haitian radios, which have helped build the community. For the second generation’s interviewee, the new media allows the identification to the diaspora and the ancrage, in Haiti with development projects, as in Montreal, with the cosmopolitism experience. Finally, as the interview analysis of the newcomers shows: media gives the possibility of a novel ancrage type, kept at disposal by the new technologies.

This dissertation examines how transnationalism can affect Islamists’ moderation in both Egypt and Morocco. In this dissertation, I do an in-depth comparative case study analysis to assess the prospects of moderation of two Islamists political entities, the Muslim Brotherhood as a transnational social movement and the Morocco Party of Justice and Development (JDP), which has no transnational ties. Both the Muslim Brotherhood and PJD came to power after the Arab uprising in 2011 and were key players in the democratic transitions in both countries; however, the entities are not related. Further, the dissertation will explore the moderation level of the Muslim Brotherhood and PJD. Current literature on Islamists and moderation theory focuses on political inclusion, political learning and repression as factors that would affect the moderation of an Islamist group. Looking at Islamists as a transnational social movement is a new aspect in the study of Islamism. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2015. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

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Seit ungefähr den 1960er Jahren migrieren Thailänder nach Deutschland, und es ist statistisch belegt, dass die Feminisierung der thailändischen Migration bis heute anhält (Bundesamt für Statistik, 2016). Frauen machen 87 Prozent aller in Deutschland lebenden Thailänder und Thailänderinnen aus. 94 Prozent aller Ehen mit thailändischer Beteiligung in Deutschland bestehen zwischen thailändischen Frauen und deutschen oder ausländischen Männern, während in nur 6 Prozent der Fälle thailändische Männer mit deutschen oder ausländischen Frauen verheiratet sind. Im Jahr 2005 waren 58.784 thailändische Staatsangehörige in Deutschland gemeldet, aber nur 43 Prozent davon waren nach dem deutschen Gesetz als „erwerbstätig“ registriert. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Beschäftigungsdilemma thailändischer Heiratsmigranten seit dem Inkrafttreten des neuen Aufenthaltsgesetzes im Jahr 2005. Zunächst beleuchtet sie die zugrundeliegenden Probleme, wegen derer die thailändische Heiratsmigranten ihr Potential als Vollzeit-Arbeitskräfte nicht ausschöpfen können, und erklärt, warum sich hochqualifizierte thailändische Heiratsmigranten nicht voll in den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt integrieren können. Dann untersucht sie die thailändische Diaspora und den Transnationalismus thailändischer Heiratsmigranten in Deutschland, und schließlich versucht sie, anhand Pierre Bourdieus Theorie von Kapital, Habitus und sozialem Raum die Berufsentscheidungen thailändischer Heiratsmigranten im deutschen Umfeld zu erklären. Qualitative Interviews, welche zwischen 2016 und 2017 durchgeführt worden sind, stellen mit 38 Informanten und einem quantitativen Fragebogen, der von 125 Befragten ausgefüllt wurde, bislang eine der umfangreichsten Forschungen über thailändische Ehemigranten in Deutschland dar. / Thais started to migrate to Germany around the 1960s, and it is statistically evident that the feminisation of Thai migration through marriage to Germans has continued to the present day (Federal Statistics Office of Germany, 2016). Women account for almost 87 percent of all Thais in Germany. Marriages of Thai women to German or foreign husbands account for 94 percent of marriages in Germany involving Thai nationals, compared to only six percent of Thai men married to German or foreign wives. In 2005, the total number of Thais in Germany was 58,784; however, only 43 percent of Thais were registered as “labour” under the German employment system. This paper investigates the employment dilemma of Thai marriage migrants after implementation of the new Residence Act of 2005. First, it sheds light on the underlying problems that hinder Thai marriage migrants’ potential as full-time labourers and provides better understanding of why highly-educated Thai marriage migrants cannot fully integrate into the German labour market. Second, it examines the Thai diaspora and explores the present-day trans-nationalism of Thai marriage migrants in Germany. Finally, it applies Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical concept of capital, habitus and social space to better understand Thai marriage migrants’ career choices in the German milieu. Qualitative interviews with 38 informants and a quantitative questionnaire filled out by 125 additional respondents were conducted between 2016 and 2017, providing one of the most comprehensive researches on Thai marriage migrants in Germany to date.

In Deutschland hat ein kleiner Anteil der deutschtürkischen UnternehmerInnen in letzter Zeit vielerlei wirtschaftliche Kontakte zu verschiedenen Ländern hergestellt und weltweit transnationale Firmen gegründet. Die vorliegende qualitative Studie zeigt, dass es nicht im Wesentlichen ethnische Netzwerke waren, auf die sie dabei gebaut haben, sondern dass sie aufgrund ihrer eigenen Voraussetzungen (hoher Bildungsstand, Fachwissen, Erfahrung, Unternehmergeist) in der Lage sind, die Möglichkeiten zu nutzen, die sich aus dem globalen Wandel ergeben. Im Gegensatz zu transnationalen Aktivitäten, die frühere Studien für die Amerikas dokumentieren, sind deutschtürkische transnationale UnternehmerInnen vielseitiger und globaler. Zum einen handeln Sie mit Textilien, Elektronik, Technologie, Unterhaltung, Tourismus und Lebensmitteln. Zum anderen unterhalten sie Geschäftsbeziehungen zu KundInnen aus der ganzen Welt, aus Asien, Afrika, Europa, Australien und den Amerikas. Grundsätzlich kann man sagen, dass deutschtürkische transnationale UntermehmerInnen vielseitige Verbindungen in den verschiedensten Länder der Welt pflegen und dass ihr unternehmerischer Erfolg nicht maßgeblich von Verbindungen zur Türkei abhängt. / In Germany, a minority of Turkish immigrant entrepreneurs recently have developed multiple economic linkages with different countries, and set up transnational firms across the globe. This qualitative research finds that they have not relied heavily on the ethnic networks but draw on sufficient human capital to exploit resources and opportunities arising from the globalising changes. Compared to the transnational activities in previous studies conducted in the Americas, the Turkish transnational entrepreneurs are more diverse and global. First, their ventures include textiles, electronics, technology, entertainment, tourism and food production. Second, their clientele is worldwide covering Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia and the Americas. In essence, the Turkish transnational entrepreneurs have developed multiple ties that span different countries all over the world, and their economic success is not largely dependent on ties with their home country.

Economic changes have made the immigration of women to the United States part of major political and social issues. Women from Latin America frequently immigrate alone and without legal documentation, leaving their children in the care of relatives or friends, thus becoming transnational mothers in the process. Hispanic/Latino groups comprise the largest minority in the U.S., and Latina women account for 48.9% of the total Latino population. This demographic trend is expected to continue, and Hispanic/Latino groups are projected to experience the largest population increase in the coming decades (Marshall, Urrutia-Rojas, Soto-Mas & Coggin, 2005). The separation from their family has a strong impact on the health and well-being of these women, rendering them vulnerable to health care barriers and health disparities. This qualitative research study explored the experiences of Latinas living transnational motherhood. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Latin as living transnational motherhood between the ages 21- 39. The findings in this study describe the lived experience of Latina transnational mothers within their social, economic and cultural context. The narrative was analyzed using van Manen's (1990) interpretative hermeneutic phenomenological approach to narrative analysis. Findings indicate that Latinas experiencing transnational motherhood find meaning in mothering from afar through sacrifice, suffering, and hopefulness for a better life for their children, and for family reunification. Findings from this study inform nurses of the health care barriers that these Latinas living transnational motherhood encounter as they experience hardship in order to support their families abroad as well as themselves. / Nurses caring for women who immigrate without their children are presented with professional and ethical challenges that require nurses to be knowledgeable about these women's pre- and post-immigration experiences findings of this study help narrowing the gap of information regarding lived experiences of Latinas transnational mothers. This knowledge offers guidance to the development of care that is compassionate, ethical and culturally appropriate. / by Rosa Maria Sternberg. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2009. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2009. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

As migrações internacionais contemporâneas, ditas globais, têm sido tratadas como um problema ao qual as políticas migratórias dos Estados nacionais precisam dar uma solução. O enfoque desta tese busca desvelar a politização da construção dessas políticas em torno do conceito da irregularidade migratória e das transformações decorrentes da atual dinâmica transnacional das migrações, associada às subjetividades dos migrantes como prática política de transformação da cidadania nacional. Diante desse quadro os discursos patrocinados pelas Organizações Internacionais em torno da ideia de gestão das migrações se mostram nada transformadores em razão de seu caráter tecnocrático. No Brasil, os discursos referentes a uma política migratória baseada nos direitos humanos são predominantes, mas ainda não concretizados. Através de entrevistas com atores governamentais brasileiros busca-se aprofundar a análise sobre esta diretriz diante da amplitude das transformações que requer. Conclui-se que a cidadania sul-americana em construção, a partir do Acordo de Residência do Mercosul, tem características do que poderia vir a ser uma cidadania fundada no paradigma da mobilidade. / International migration has been considered a problem to be solved by national states\' national migration policies. The study aims at revealing the political aspects arising as a result of policy development around the concept of migration irregularity and of the changes arising on the transnational dynamics of migration associated with the immigrants` subjectivity as a political practice of citizenship transformation. The analysis has shown that the migration management discourse coming from the international organizations proves to be insufficient to any transformation due its technocratic features. In Brazil, even though the prevailing migratory policy discourse is based on human rights, policy implementation has yet to take place. Through interviews with Brazilian governmental actors it was intended to further the analysis on this directive due to the meaningful changes it requires. Conclusion reveal that the South American citizenship built upon the implementation of the Mercosur Residency Agreement presents some features of citizenship grounded on the mobility paradigm.

O foco deste trabalho é a reconstituição das trajetórias de mulheres imigrantes e de suas famílias, originárias da Bolívia, do Paraguai e do Peru com destino ao Brasil, e tem como objetivo analisar as relações sociais transnacionais no processo de migração internacional. Foi possível observar que as relações sociais se expandem para além de um único território nacional. Entre países de origem e destino são mantidas múltiplas conexões, seja por meio do envio de remessas, do contato com familiares ou da manutenção da língua e da cultura. O aumento da participação de mulheres nas migrações internacionais é analisado levando em conta suas motivações e as diferentes redes que mobilizam no processo de migração internacional. Nesse caso, interessa também para a análise investigar como os seguintes fatores têm influenciado neste processo: as relações sociais de sexo, a inserção das mulheres no mercado de trabalho, a organização produtiva da indústria da confecção, a legislação sobre migrações internacionais e os fluxos midiáticos e financeiros no contexto de globalização. / The focus of this study is the reconstruction of the pathways of immigrant women and their families, from Bolivia, Paraguay and Peru to Brazil, and aims to analyze the transnational social relations in the process of international migration. From interviews conducted in the city of São Paulo it was possible to capture the different pathways of international migration by giving voice to the subjects involved in this process. It was observed that, in the context of international migration, social relations expand beyond a single country. Between countries of origin and destination, migrants keep multiple connections, either through remittances, the contact with relatives or the maintenance of their native language and culture. The increased participation of women in international migration is analyzed by taking into account their different motivations and the networks they mobilize in the process of international migration. In this case, is interesting as well for the analysis how such factors that have influenced this process: social relations of gender, the participation of women in labor market, the productive organization of the clothing industry, the international migration legislation and the financial and media flows in the context of globalization.

En partant de l’analyse anthropologique de l’expérience migratoire de Mozambicains vers l’Afrique du Sud, notamment dans le travail des mines d’or, de platine et de charbon, cette thèse se propose de comprendre les dynamiques migratoires internationales dans le contexte de l’économie capitaliste et elle entend se pencher sur cette réalité à partir d’une perspective théorique des migrations circulaires transnationales, en posant de nouvelles questions pour l’analyse du phénomène migratoire contemporain. La thèse entend mettre en relief les dimensions transnationale, sociale, économique, politique, historique et symbolique de ce flux, en soulignant les aspects macro (généraux) et micro (spécifiques). Concernant les aspects macro, sont analysés le rôle des Etats mozambicain et sud-africain, les relations que ils établissent avec le marché et les mécanismes juridique et bureaucratique. Dans les aspects micro, sont analysées les questions directement liées à l’impact du phénomène migratoire sur la vie familiale et professionnelle des sujets qui émigrent, ainsi que les aspects liés aux relations de genre et aux trajectoires qui recréent et renouvellent les multiples identités du migrant dans le contexte de sa transition entre les pays d’origine et d’accueil. / A partir da análise antropológica da experiência migratória de moçambicanos para a África do Sul, em particular para as minas de ouro, platina e carvão, a presente tese busca compreender as dinâmicas migratórias internacionais no contexto da economia capitalista e procura olhar essa realidade a partir de uma perspectiva teórica das migrações circulares transnacionais, lançando novas questões para a análise do fenômeno migratório contemporâneo. A tese procura colocar em evidência as dimensões transnacional, social, econômica, política, histórica e simbólica desse fluxo, enfatizando aspectos macro (gerais) e micro (específicos). Nos aspectos macro, são considerados o papel dos Estados moçambicanos e sul-africano, as relações que eles estabelecem com o mercado e os mecanismos jurídico e burocrático que orientam esse fluxo. Nos aspectos micro, consideram-se as questões relacionadas diretamente com o impacto do fenômeno migratório na vida familiar e profissional dos sujeitos que migram, assim como os aspectos ligados às relações de gênero e trajetórias que recriam e atualizam as múltiplas identidades do migrante no contexto da sua transição entre os países de origem e de acolhimento. / From the anthropological analysis of the Mozambican migratory experience to South Africa, in particular to the gold, platinum, and coal mines, this paper tries to understand the international migratory dynamics within the context of the capitalist economy, it also tries to see this reality from a theoretical perspective of the circular transnational migrations, launching new questions to examine the contemporary migratory phenomenon. The thesis attempts to put in evidence the transnational, social, economic, politic, historic, and symbolic dimensions of this flow, highlighting both macro (general) and micro (specific) aspects. Within the macro aspects, attention is given to the role of the Mozambican and South-African States, the relationship they establish with the market, and the legal, and bureaucratic mechanisms. Within the micro aspects, attention is focused on the issues directly related to the impact of the migratory phenomenon in the family and professional life of the migrating individuals, as well as the aspects related to the gender relations and trajectories which recreate and update the multiple identities of the immigrant in the context of his/her transition between the country of origin and host country.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2009 Jun 15