No description available.

Aeroelasticidade não linear é uma área multidisciplinar e importante em engenharia aeronáutica e aeroespacial. Aeroelasticidade é o estudo do mecanismo de interação entre os esforços aerodinâmicos e dinâmico-estruturais. Os avanços nas técnicas de CFD se concentram nas aplicações de problemas aerodinâmicos cada vez mais complexos, como os fenômenos associados com a formação e movimento das ondas de choque em escoamentos transônicos e escoamentos separados. Com os desenvolvimentos dos códigos de CFD, o tratamento de problemas aeroelásticos por meio de abordagens computacionais é denominado aeroelasticidade computacional. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma análise dos efeitos não lineares em aeroelasticidade no domínio do tempo em regime transônico. A metodologia proposta pretende investigar os efeitos não lineares em aerofólios onde são consideradas as não linearidades estruturais e aerodinâmicas. Neste trabalho as não linearidades aerodinâmicas estão associadas à formação e ao passeio das ondas de choque. Nesta situação, verifica-se que a fronteira de ocorrência de flutter é degradada rapidamente na faixa de vôo transônico, onde este fenômeno é denominado de depressão transônica. Dois códigos de CFD foram considerados, ambos baseados na formulação de Euler. Para a solução do sistema aeroelástico no domínio do tempo é aplicado o método Runge-Kutta combinado com o código de CFD. Neste caso, o código de CFD não estacionário é construído em um contexto de malhas não estruturadas. Esta consiste da primeira análise aeroelástica através da metodologia de marcha no tempo utilizando este código de CFD. As respostas aeroelásticas se concentram particularmente para o aerofólio NACA0012 através da história no tempo e retrato de fase para investigar os efeitos típicos não lineares como oscilações em ciclos limite, assim como, são construídas as fronteiras de flutter. Para o cálculo direto da fronteira de flutter é utilizado o código da análise de bifurcação de Hopf, onde o modelo de CFD é baseado no contexto de malhas estruturadas. Em trabalhos anteriores com este código foram obtidas as fronteiras do flutter em perfis e asas simétricos com modelos estruturais lineares. Este trabalho apresenta a primeira análise deste código considerando o modelo estrutural não linear. As não linearidades estruturais concentradas mostraram ter um efeito significativo na resposta aeroelástica podendo ser observadas as oscilações em ciclos limite abaixo da fronteira de flutter. As metodologias de marcha no tempo e análise de bifurcação de Hopf foram comparadas e os resultados apresentaram boa concordância. Isto comprovou a confiabilidade das duas metodologias na análise dos efeitos não lineares em aeroelasticidade. As análises de marcha no tempo com o modelo estrutural não linear também foram realizadas após a ocorrência do flutter e sua influência nas oscilações em ciclos limite foram observadas. / Nonlinear aeroelasticity is a multidisciplinary field, that is important in aeronautics and aerospace engineering. Aeroelasticity can be defined as the science which studies the mutual interaction between aerodynamic and dynamic forces. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has matured to the point where it is being applied to complex problems in external aerodynamics, particulary for phenomena associated with shock motions or separation. These two observations have motivated the development of CFD-based aeroelastic simulation, a fiel now being called computational aeroelasticity. The nonlinearities in the aeroelastic analysis are divided into aerodynamic and structural ones. The aim of this work is concerned with an application of time domain analysis for aeroelastic problems in a transonic flow. The methodology here proposed is to present an investigation on the effects of nonlinearities on airfoil flutter where both aerodynamic and structural concentrated nonlinearities are considered. In this work the aerodynamic nonlinearity arises from the presence of shock waves in transonic flows. In this situation, the unsteady forces generated by motion of the shock wave have been shown to destabilize single degree-of-freedom airfoil pitching motion and affect the bending-torsional flutter by lowering the flutter speed at the so-called transonic dip phenomenon. Two CFD tools are employed in the present work and they are based on the Euler formulation. To solve the aeroelastic problem the Runge-Kutta method is applied combined with the CFD code. In this case, the unsteady CFD tool solves flows in the an unstructured computational domain discretisation. This CFD tool had never been used for time domain aeroelastic analysis before. The responses concerned particularly the NACA0012 airfoil by investigating flutter boundary and typical LCO nonlinear effects from phase plane. For direct flutter boundary calculation, Hopf bifurcation analysis is employed, where the CFD code is based on structured grids for computation domain discretisation. Previous work has demonstrated the scheme for both symmetric airfoil and wing with linear structural model. The current work presents the first investigations of the structural nonlinearities effects with the method. The concentrated nonlinearities show to have significant effects on the aeroelastic responses and to provide limit cycle oscillation (LCO) below the flutter speed. Time marching analysis is performed and compared with direct calculation of Hopf bifurcation points. The results agree well and these computational tools have shown to be powerful to analyse nonlinear effects in aeroelasticity. Post bifurcation behavior is analysed to show influence of nonlinear structural terms on LCO with the time marching solver.

Aeroelasticidade não linear é uma área multidisciplinar e importante em engenharia aeronáutica e aeroespacial. Aeroelasticidade é o estudo do mecanismo de interação entre os esforços aerodinâmicos e dinâmico-estruturais. Os avanços nas técnicas de CFD se concentram nas aplicações de problemas aerodinâmicos cada vez mais complexos, como os fenômenos associados com a formação e movimento das ondas de choque em escoamentos transônicos e escoamentos separados. Com os desenvolvimentos dos códigos de CFD, o tratamento de problemas aeroelásticos por meio de abordagens computacionais é denominado aeroelasticidade computacional. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma análise dos efeitos não lineares em aeroelasticidade no domínio do tempo em regime transônico. A metodologia proposta pretende investigar os efeitos não lineares em aerofólios onde são consideradas as não linearidades estruturais e aerodinâmicas. Neste trabalho as não linearidades aerodinâmicas estão associadas à formação e ao passeio das ondas de choque. Nesta situação, verifica-se que a fronteira de ocorrência de flutter é degradada rapidamente na faixa de vôo transônico, onde este fenômeno é denominado de depressão transônica. Dois códigos de CFD foram considerados, ambos baseados na formulação de Euler. Para a solução do sistema aeroelástico no domínio do tempo é aplicado o método Runge-Kutta combinado com o código de CFD. Neste caso, o código de CFD não estacionário é construído em um contexto de malhas não estruturadas. Esta consiste da primeira análise aeroelástica através da metodologia de marcha no tempo utilizando este código de CFD. As respostas aeroelásticas se concentram particularmente para o aerofólio NACA0012 através da história no tempo e retrato de fase para investigar os efeitos típicos não lineares como oscilações em ciclos limite, assim como, são construídas as fronteiras de flutter. Para o cálculo direto da fronteira de flutter é utilizado o código da análise de bifurcação de Hopf, onde o modelo de CFD é baseado no contexto de malhas estruturadas. Em trabalhos anteriores com este código foram obtidas as fronteiras do flutter em perfis e asas simétricos com modelos estruturais lineares. Este trabalho apresenta a primeira análise deste código considerando o modelo estrutural não linear. As não linearidades estruturais concentradas mostraram ter um efeito significativo na resposta aeroelástica podendo ser observadas as oscilações em ciclos limite abaixo da fronteira de flutter. As metodologias de marcha no tempo e análise de bifurcação de Hopf foram comparadas e os resultados apresentaram boa concordância. Isto comprovou a confiabilidade das duas metodologias na análise dos efeitos não lineares em aeroelasticidade. As análises de marcha no tempo com o modelo estrutural não linear também foram realizadas após a ocorrência do flutter e sua influência nas oscilações em ciclos limite foram observadas. / Nonlinear aeroelasticity is a multidisciplinary field, that is important in aeronautics and aerospace engineering. Aeroelasticity can be defined as the science which studies the mutual interaction between aerodynamic and dynamic forces. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has matured to the point where it is being applied to complex problems in external aerodynamics, particulary for phenomena associated with shock motions or separation. These two observations have motivated the development of CFD-based aeroelastic simulation, a fiel now being called computational aeroelasticity. The nonlinearities in the aeroelastic analysis are divided into aerodynamic and structural ones. The aim of this work is concerned with an application of time domain analysis for aeroelastic problems in a transonic flow. The methodology here proposed is to present an investigation on the effects of nonlinearities on airfoil flutter where both aerodynamic and structural concentrated nonlinearities are considered. In this work the aerodynamic nonlinearity arises from the presence of shock waves in transonic flows. In this situation, the unsteady forces generated by motion of the shock wave have been shown to destabilize single degree-of-freedom airfoil pitching motion and affect the bending-torsional flutter by lowering the flutter speed at the so-called transonic dip phenomenon. Two CFD tools are employed in the present work and they are based on the Euler formulation. To solve the aeroelastic problem the Runge-Kutta method is applied combined with the CFD code. In this case, the unsteady CFD tool solves flows in the an unstructured computational domain discretisation. This CFD tool had never been used for time domain aeroelastic analysis before. The responses concerned particularly the NACA0012 airfoil by investigating flutter boundary and typical LCO nonlinear effects from phase plane. For direct flutter boundary calculation, Hopf bifurcation analysis is employed, where the CFD code is based on structured grids for computation domain discretisation. Previous work has demonstrated the scheme for both symmetric airfoil and wing with linear structural model. The current work presents the first investigations of the structural nonlinearities effects with the method. The concentrated nonlinearities show to have significant effects on the aeroelastic responses and to provide limit cycle oscillation (LCO) below the flutter speed. Time marching analysis is performed and compared with direct calculation of Hopf bifurcation points. The results agree well and these computational tools have shown to be powerful to analyse nonlinear effects in aeroelasticity. Post bifurcation behavior is analysed to show influence of nonlinear structural terms on LCO with the time marching solver.

Afin de concevoir des systèmes de propulsion innovants, l'amélioration des performances des prises d'air supersonique constitue un enjeu majeur. En particulier, les écoulements intervenant au sein des entrées d'air et/ou de diffuseurs supersoniques mettent en jeu des phénomènes complexes associés aux diverses échelles spatiales et temporelles: dynamique de la turbulence pariétale, interaction entre une onde de choc et une couche limite turbulente, décollements tridimensionnels et effets de coins. Malgré les contributions significatives et récentes des simulations numériques de haute fidélité sur les instationnarités de l'interaction onde de choc/couche limite sans paroi latérales, peu d'études numériques ont été menées sur l'influence des coins dans la dynamique de l'écoulement. En présence de parois latérales et à des nombres de Mach suffisamment élevés, l’interaction se modifie et un train de choc se forme dans le diffuseur. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, les équations de Navier-Stokes en régime compressible sont résolues à l'aide de schémas d'ordre élevé. Des simulations en régime supersonique de l'écoulement dans des diffuseurs rectangulaires de largeurs différentes sont effectuées. L'étude permet la mise en évidence de l'influence du confinement et des effets de coins. Une deuxième partie de l’étude est consacrée à la compréhension des instationnarités générées par un train de choc dans un diffuseur rectangulaire à l'aide d'outils de post-traitement avancés: décomposition modale dynamique et périodogramme. Les résultats montrent la présence d'un possible phénomène de résonance du diffuseur à des fréquences proches de celles émises par l'écoulement. / To design innovative propulsion systems, improving the performance of supersonic air intakes is a major issue. In particular, the flows through the air intakes and/or supersonic diffusers involve complex unsteady phenomena associated with various spatial and temporal scales such as: wall-bounded turbulence dynamics, interaction between a shock-wave and a turbulent boundary layer, three-dimensional separated flows and corners effects. Despite the significant contributions from recent high-fidelity simulations of unsteady shock-wave boundary layer interaction in the absence of side walls, few numerical studies were conducted with secondary flows due to corner effects. In the presence of side walls and at Mach numbers large enough, the topology of the interaction is modified and a shock-train forms in the diffuser. In this thesis, the Navier-Stokes compressible equations are solved using high-order schemes. Simulations of supersonic flows in rectangular diffusers of different widths are carried out. The study allows to highlight the influence of confinement and corners effects on the mean flow. A second part of the study is devoted to the understanding of the unsteadiness associated with a shock-train in a rectangular supersonic diffuser. For that purpose, advanced post-processing tools have been developed such as: dynamic mode decomposition and Fourier analysis. The results show the presence of a possible resonance phenomenon in the diffuser at frequencies close to those associated with the flow.

Transonic utter is an aeroelastic instability characterized by part-chord shocks over an airfoil and single mode oscillations leading to a drop in the utter boundary. We present a numerical study that examines the influence of shocks, shock-boundary layer interactions, and three-dimensional flow features on the transonic utter boundary. Using energy concepts we show that shocks and shock-boundary layer interactions have a profound influence on the stability of an aeroelastic system. Viscosity stabilizes the aeroelastic system through thickness effects up-to the bottom of the transonic dip. Beyond, shock induced separation not only stalls the aeroelastic system, but also makes it oscillate about a new equilibrium position. In this region, where viscous effects are dominant, the inviscid utter boundary shows multiple utter points. Modal contributions to the response of the aeroelastic systems |viscous and inviscid | indicate that viscosity restricts higher mode participation. Restriction of higher modes by viscosity is responsible for the elimination of multiple utter points that are present in the inviscid case. Multiple forcing frequencies are observed in those regions of the utter boundary where viscous effects are dominant. Further, the shock dynamics exhibit shock-reversal where-in the shock motion predicted by the viscous simulation is 180_ out of phase relative to that of the inviscid case. At Mach numbers beyond the shock-stall region the shock moves close to the trailing edge of the airfoil, and inviscid and viscous simulations predict almost a similar utter boundary. Three-dimensional transonic flow structures on a finite-span wing aeroelastic model de-stabilizes it relative to an equivalent two-dimensional model.

<p>We study the effect of minute perturbations by using blowing jets at upstream and bio-inspired micro denticles on turbulence large-scale motions which are observed to be crucial in controlling heat transfer, noise and drag reduction. This work is divided into two phases. In first phase, we studied the effect of blowing perturbations at upstream on large-scale motions and associated co?herent vortical structures which are crucial in enhancing heat transfer by promoting mixing. The second phase is focused on impact of flow dynamics in preventing the biofouling using micro bioinspired structures and the importance of flow regime in designing the antifouling coating us?ing bioinspired structures is demonstrated, and subsequently, separation bubble dynamics and its characterization is carried out for a transonic channel imposed with pressure gradient to further expand our thesis outcomes to utilize micro bioinspired structures in aerospace applications, noise reduction, and to delay separation.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Extensive studies were focused on the importance of large-scale motions (LSM) and their con?tribution to TKE and turbulence mixing. Although there are studies focusing on the λ2 coherent vortical structures and large-scale motions separately, there are no studies addressing the control?ling using upstream perturbations on the large-scale motions and their associated λ2 vortices. In the first phase of our studies, we used the DNS data of channel flow for Reτ = 394 generated using in-house code. In these simulations, we created blowing perturbations using spanwise jets of low blowing ratio, 0.2, placed at upstream. The spatial large-scale motions are extracted using a a novel 3D adaptive Gaussian filtering technique developed based on Lee and Sung [1] for turbulent pipe flows. POD is used to extract the energetic large-scale motions and coherent vortical structures are extracted using λ2-criterion for its efficiency in educing coherent structures in cross flow jets. The results show that the upstream perturbations enhance streamwise heat flux via energetic LSM and also create a secondary peak of scalar production in the log-layer showing that the perturbations alter LSMs to enhance the heat transfer. Filtered large-scale field from Gaussian filtering technique have an integral length scale greater than 2h (where h is channel half-height) are used to obtain λ2 vortices. The resulted λ2 vortices are of ring-type and have higher signature of temperature than their counterpart. The pre-multiplied spectra shows that the upstream perturbations can excite the large-scale wave-numbers which are in the same order as the jet diameter and spacing between them. Simulations show the presence of secondary peak in the log-layer and increased turbulence production which are eminent of large-scales. Furthermore, our results suggest that jet spacing and diameter are crucial in exciting large-scale field to control turbulent flows.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Evans, Hamed, Gorumlu, et al. [2] modeled the denticles present on Mako shark skin into a diverging micro-pillars. They conducted experimental studies in a water tunnel using these on the back of airfoil exposed to an adverse pressure gradient flow. They observed that presence of these pillars reduced the re-circulation bubble (form drag) by 50%. They proposed a blowing and suction type mechanism by which the micro pillars interact with the boundary layer. However, the details of underlying interfacial mechanism is not completely understood. The unique impact of flow conditions on anti-biofouling and the corresponding mechanisms for the first time is illustrated. We employed commercially available bioinspired structures as micro-diverging pillars making it feasible to apply in real life. We demonstrated the underlying mechanism by which bio?inspired structures are responsible for anti-biofouling. To study the pressure gradient effects on the separation under transonic conditions, we performed direct numerical simulations (DNS) in a non?equilibrium flow created by a sinsuoidal contraction and also, we quantified the separation length,</p> <p>detachment, and attachment points of separation bubble imposed with various pressure gradients and their variation in the transonic and subsonic regimes. We noticed that the resultant shear at the attachement led to the enhancement of coherent structures which are extended into the outer layer under transonic flow which is quite different than the subsonic flow.</p>

L’étude effectuée au cours de cette thèse a permis de caractériser numériquement les instabilités d’origine aérodynamique rencontrées dans un compresseur centrifuge dessiné par Turbomeca. Ce compresseur est composé d’une roue directrice d’entrée, d’un rouet centrifuge, d’un diffuseur radial et de redresseurs axiaux. Le module expérimental, dénommé Turbocel, sera accueilli au LMFA courant 2016. Le contenu de cette étude repose donc exclusivement sur des résultats numériques dont certains sont cependant comparés à des résultats expérimentaux partiels obtenus par Turbomeca sur une configuration proche. _ Le fonctionnement du compresseur est analysé à différentes vitesses de rotation, à partir de simulations RANS et URANS menées avec le code elsA. Du point de vue de la méthodologie, deux points importants sont à retenir :- Du fait du caractère transsonique de l’écoulement dans le rouet et le diffuseur radial à haut régime de rotation, les simulations RANS stationnaires ne permettent pas d’accéder à une description satisfaisante des phénomènes physiques. Cela est dû à l’utilisation d’un plan de mélange aux différentes interfaces rotor-stator qui a pour effet d’empêcher les ondes de choc de remonter à l’amont, et qui affecte tant la physique de l’écoulement que l’étendue de la plage de fonctionnement stable.- En-dessous d’un certain débit, les calculs URANS sur période machine révèlent que le comportement de l’étage n’obéit plus à la périodicité spatio-temporelle mono-canal. Une plage instable est alors obtenue à toutes les iso-vitesses simulées. A bas régime de rotation, une autre plage stable existe lorsque le compresseur est suffisamment vanné. L’étage retrouve alors une périodicité spatio-temporelle, à condition d’étendre le domaine de calcul dans le stator à deux canaux inter-aubes. En ce qui concerne les limites de stabilité de Turbocel, différentes évolutions sont décrites selon la vitesse de rotation considérée :- A haut régime de rotation, une basse fréquence commence à émerger près du point de rendement maximal et son intensité ne fait qu’augmenter jusqu.au pompage.- A bas régime, une signature basse fréquence comparable se manifeste près du point de rendement maximal mais disparaît passé un certain vannage, et n’est donc présente que sur une plage de débit délimitée. La seconde zone stable peut alors être numériquement parcourue jusqu.au pompage proprement dit. La signature basse fréquence est imputée à l’instauration d’une recirculation dans l’inducteur qui une fois établie est quasi-stationnaire. Les résultats numériques mettent en évidence que la source d’instabilité sévère sur Turbocel provient du diffuseur aubé. En fonction du point de fonctionnement, ce composant adopte des comportements différents, entre lesquels une certaine continuité existe, et ses performances chutent progressivement lorsque le débit diminue. Au final, les domaines de stabilité de l’étage de compression peuvent être reliés au type d’écoulement qui se développe dans le diffuseur radial, et apparaissent dictés par le diffuseur semi-lisse à haut régime de rotation. Enfin, afin d’étendre les plages de fonctionnement stable, une stratégie de contrôle basée sur l’aspiration de couche limite dans le diffuseur aubé a également été déterminée dans le cadre de cette thèse. Son évaluation fera l’objet d’études ultérieures sur Turbocel. / The present study aims at characterizing the aerodynamic instabilities involved in a centrifugal compressor designed by Turbomeca, by means of numerical simulation. This compressor is composed of inlet guide vanes, a centrifugal impeller, a radial vaned diffuser and axial outlet guide vanes. The test module, named Turbocel, will be delivered to the LMFA in 2016. Thus, the results presented in this manuscript are only based on CFD, although some of them are compared to experimental results obtained by Turbomeca on a close configuration.RANS and URANS simulations are performed for several rotational speeds, using the elsA software.Two methodological key points are to be emphasized:- As the flow in both the impeller and the radial diffuser is transonic at high rotational speed, steady RANS simulations cannot provide a satisfactory description of the physical phenomena taking place. This can be explained by the use of the mixing plane approach which prevents shock waves to extend upstream the rotor-stator interfaces, and which impacts the flow field predicted as well as the prediction of the stable operating range.- Below a given massflow rate, URANS simulations covering the spatial period of the compressor prove that the stage behavior does not obey to the single passage spatio-temporal periodicity anymore. An unstable operating range then appears at all the simulated rotational speeds. At low rotational speed, another stable range is however obtained if the compressor is further throttled’ A new periodicity arises on this massflow range, provided that the stator domain is extended to two neighboring blade passages. Concerning the stability domains of Turbocel, different evolutions are obtained depending on the rotational speed:- At high rotational speed, a low frequency phenomenon starts to develop near the peak efficiency point and its intensity keeps increasing until surge happens.- At low rotational speed, a low frequency signature also appears near the peak efficiency point, but it then vanishes when the compressor is further throttled, so that only a restricted operating range exhibits this instability. It then gives rise to a second stable operating range which can be described numerically, ending with surge itself. The low frequency signature is attributed to the enhancement of a flow recirculation in the inducer which, once fully established, is quasi-steady. The numerical results underline that the source of severe instability in the compressor comes from the vaned diffuser. Depending on the operating point, this component can adopt different behaviors, between which a relative continuity exists, and its performances decrease when the massflow rate decresases. The overall stage performances prove that at high rotational speed, the global stability is driven by the semi-vaneless diffuser and depends on the flow developing in the radial diffuser. Finally, in order to extend the stable operating range of the compressor, a flow control strategy based on boundary layer suction has also been determined in the diffuser. Its impact on the performances of Turbocel will be deeply studied later on.

No description available.

The path to future aero-engines with more efficient engine architectures requires advanced thermal management technologies to handle the demand of refrigeration and lubrication. Oil systems, holding a double function as lubricant and coolant circuits, require supplemental cooling sources to the conventional fuel based cooling systems as the current oil thermal capacity becomes saturated with future engine developments. The present research focuses on air/oil coolers, which geometrical characteristics and location are designed to minimize aerodynamic effects while maximizing the thermal exchange. The heat exchangers composed of parallel fins are integrated at the inner wall of the secondary duct of a turbofan. The analysis of the interaction between the three-dimensional high velocity bypass flow and the heat exchangers is essential to evaluate and optimize the aero-thermodynamic performances, and to provide data for engine modeling. The objectives of this research are the development of engine testing methods alternative to flight testing, and the characterization of the aerothermal behavior of different finned heat exchanger configurations. A new blow-down wind tunnel test facility was specifically designed to replicate the engine bypass flow in the region of the splitter. The annular sector type test section consists on a complex 3D geometry, as a result of three dimensional numerical flow simulations. The flow evolves over the splitter duplicated at real scale, guided by helicoidally shaped lateral walls. The development of measurement techniques for the present application involved the design of instrumentation, testing procedures and data reduction methods. Detailed studies were focused on multi-hole and fine wire thermocouple probes. Two types of test campaigns were performed dedicated to: flow measurements along the test section for different test configurations, i.e. in the absence of heat exchangers and in the presence of different heat exchanger geometries, and heat transfer measurements on the heat exchanger. As a result contours of flow velocity, angular distributions, total and static pressures, temperatures and turbulence intensities, at different bypass duct axial positions, as well as wall pressures along the test section, were obtained. The analysis of the flow development along the test section allowed the understanding of the different flow behaviors for each test configuration. Comparison of flow variables at each measurement plane permitted quantifying and contrasting the different flow disturbances. Detailed analyses of the flow downstream of the heat exchangers were assessed to characterize the flow in the fins¿ wake region. The aerodynamic performance of each heat exchanger configuration was evaluated in terms of non dimensional pressure losses. Fins convective heat transfer characteristics were derived from the infrared fin surface temperature measurements through a new methodology based on inverse heat transfer methods coupled with conductive heat flux models. The experimental characterization permitted to evaluate the cooling capacity of the investigated type of heat exchangers for the design operational conditions. Finally, the thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger at different points of the flight envelope during a typical commercial mission was estimated by extrapolating the convective properties of the flow to flight conditions. / Villafañe Roca, L. (2013). Experimental Aerothermal Performance of Turbofan Bypass Flow Heat Exchangers [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34774 / TESIS