Dans cette thèse, nous considérons le modèle de régression avec plusieurs unités expérimentales, où les erreurs forment un processus d'autocovariance dans un cadre générale, c'est-à-dire, un processus du second ordre (stationnaire ou non stationnaire) avec une autocovariance non différentiable le long de la diagonale. Nous sommes intéressés, entre autres, à l'estimation non paramétrique de la fonction de régression de ce modèle.Premièrement, nous considérons l'estimateur classique proposé par Gasser et Müller. Nous étudions ses performances asymptotiques quand le nombre d'unités expérimentales et le nombre d'observations tendent vers l'infini. Pour un échantillonnage régulier, nous améliorons les vitesses de convergence d'ordre supérieur de son biais et de sa variance. Nous montrons aussi sa normalité asymptotique dans le cas des erreurs corrélées.Deuxièmement, nous proposons un nouvel estimateur à noyau pour la fonction de régression, basé sur une propriété de projection. Cet estimateur est construit à travers la fonction d'autocovariance des erreurs et une fonction particulière appartenant à l'Espace de Hilbert à Noyau Autoreproduisant (RKHS) associé à la fonction d'autocovariance. Nous étudions les performances asymptotiques de l'estimateur en utilisant les propriétés de RKHS. Ces propriétés nous permettent d'obtenir la vitesse optimale de convergence de la variance de cet estimateur. Nous prouvons sa normalité asymptotique, et montrons que sa variance est asymptotiquement plus petite que celle de l'estimateur de Gasser et Müller. Nous conduisons une étude de simulation pour confirmer nos résultats théoriques.Troisièmement, nous proposons un nouvel estimateur à noyau pour la fonction de régression. Cet estimateur est construit en utilisant la règle numérique des trapèzes, pour approximer l'estimateur basé sur des données continues. Nous étudions aussi sa performance asymptotique et nous montrons sa normalité asymptotique. En outre, cet estimateur permet d'obtenir le plan d'échantillonnage optimal pour l'estimation de la fonction de régression. Une étude de simulation est conduite afin de tester le comportement de cet estimateur dans un plan d'échantillonnage de taille finie, en terme d'erreur en moyenne quadratique intégrée (IMSE). De plus, nous montrons la réduction dans l'IMSE en utilisant le plan d'échantillonnage optimal au lieu de l'échantillonnage uniforme.Finalement, nous considérons une application de la régression non paramétrique dans le domaine pharmacocinétique. Nous proposons l'utilisation de l'estimateur non paramétrique à noyau pour l'estimation de la fonction de concentration. Nous vérifions son bon comportement par des simulations et une analyse de données réelles. Nous investiguons aussi le problème de l'estimation de l'Aire Sous la Courbe de concentration (AUC), pour lequel nous proposons un nouvel estimateur à noyau, obtenu par l'intégration de l'estimateur à noyau de la fonction de régression. Nous montrons, par une étude de simulation, que le nouvel estimateur est meilleur que l'estimateur classique en terme d'erreur en moyenne quadratique. Le problème crucial de l'obtention d'un plan d'échantillonnage optimale pour l'estimation de l'AUC est discuté en utilisant l'algorithme de recuit simulé généralisé. / In this thesis, we consider the fixed design regression model with repeated measurements, where the errors form a process with general autocovariance function, i.e. a second order process (stationary or nonstationary), with a non-differentiable covariance function along the diagonal. We are interested, among other problems, in the nonparametric estimation of the regression function of this model.We first consider the well-known kernel regression estimator proposed by Gasser and Müller. We study its asymptotic performance when the number of experimental units and the number of observations tend to infinity. For a regular sequence of designs, we improve the higher rates of convergence of the variance and the bias. We also prove the asymptotic normality of this estimator in the case of correlated errors.Second, we propose a new kernel estimator of the regression function based on a projection property. This estimator is constructed through the autocovariance function of the errors, and a specific function belonging to the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) associated to the autocovariance function. We study its asymptotic performance using the RKHS properties. These properties allow to obtain the optimal convergence rate of the variance. We also prove its asymptotic normality. We show that this new estimator has a smaller asymptotic variance then the one of Gasser and Müller. A simulation study is conducted to confirm this theoretical result.Third, we propose a new kernel estimator for the regression function. This estimator is constructed through the trapezoidal numerical approximation of the kernel regression estimator based on continuous observations. We study its asymptotic performance, and we prove its asymptotic normality. Moreover, this estimator allow to obtain the asymptotic optimal sampling design for the estimation of the regression function. We run a simulation study to test the performance of the proposed estimator in a finite sample set, where we see its good performance, in terms of Integrated Mean Squared Error (IMSE). In addition, we show the reduction of the IMSE using the optimal sampling design instead of the uniform design in a finite sample set.Finally, we consider an application of the regression function estimation in pharmacokinetics problems. We propose to use the nonparametric kernel methods, for the concentration-time curve estimation, instead of the classical parametric ones. We prove its good performance via simulation study and real data analysis. We also investigate the problem of estimating the Area Under the concentration Curve (AUC), where we introduce a new kernel estimator, obtained by the integration of the regression function estimator. We prove, using a simulation study, that the proposed estimators outperform the classical one in terms of Mean Squared Error. The crucial problem of finding the optimal sampling design for the AUC estimation is investigated using the Generalized Simulating Annealing algorithm.

The subject of this diploma thesis is a proposal of a warehouse hall and an operation hall in Sokolnice. A land of the investor is located on Kobylnická street. Designed building is devided into two buildings which are a warehouse hall and an administrative building. The warehouse hall is designed as three-ship and has one floor above the ground. This building is designed for feed storage and breeding needs. The administrative building has got two floors above the ground. There is an office space for administrative company activity, facilities for employees and a company store. The support system of both buildings is made of steel structure, which is clad with insulating sandwich panels. A ceiling construction in the administrative building is also designed of steel support elements and trapezoidal sheet metal which is covered with a concrete layer. A roof construction of both buildings is flat, single skin and drained by means of a vacuum pipe. A roof composition consists of trapezoidal sheet metal, vapor barriers, dropped thermal insulator and from coating waterproofing. Internal layout is designed from plasterboard partitions. Thermal insulation in the plinth area at the warehouse is solved by using ETICS system. Foundation structures are designed as monolithic. Diploma thesis, according to the assignment, contain the creating of project documentation for the construction.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21357号 / 工博第4516号 / 新制||工||1703(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 大津 宏康, 准教授 PIPATPONGSA Thirapong, 教授 三村 衛 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

Parmi les technologies de solaire thermodynamique, la technologie du linéaire de Fresnel semble la plus adaptée aux régions d’Afrique Sub saharienne. Cela en raison de la simplicité de la technologie. C’est dans cette optique qu’un collecteur de type linéaire de Fresnel d’une superficie de 7,5 m² de miroirs a été construit au laboratoire énergies renouvelables et efficacité énergétique (LabEREE). La construction du collecteur s’est faite en utilisant en priorité les matériaux disponibles localement afinde rendre la technologie plus accessible aux populations locales et de réduire les coûts de fabrication. Des tests sont effectués sur le collecteur afin de déterminer ses rendements optiques, thermiques et globaux. Dans un premier temps, une revue bibliographie des différents collecteurs de type linéaire de Fresnel nous a permis d’identifier les variantes, de cette technologie, les plus adaptées au contexte dela région . Un modèle thermique et un modèle optique ont été mis en place comme outils de dimensionnement et d’optimisation du collecteur. Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus ont été utilisés pour valider les différents modèles mis en place. Le rendement global du collecteur obtenu expérimentalement est de 21% et il a un facteur de concentration local de 6. / Among the different technologies of concentrated solar power plant, the linear Fresnel, thanks to its simplicity, appears the most adapted to rural area of Sub Sahara region. A linear Fresnel collector of 7.5 m² has been built in “laboratoire énergies renouvelables et efficacité énergétique (LabEREE)”. The collector have been designed using material available locally by local man power. This reduces the total cost of the technology and makes it affordable for local population. The collector has been characterized in order to find optical, thermal and global efficiencies. In first time, a review on different linear Fresnel collector allows finding the technology that is most adapted to the Sub-Saharan region. An optical and thermal model of the collector has been done as a tool for designing and optimisation. The experimental results enable to validate the different models done. The collector has an effective concentration factor of 6 and a global efficiency of 21%.

This work presents the direct torque control (DTC) techniques, implemented in four- and six-switch inverter, for brushless dc (BLDC) motors with non-sinusoidal back- EMF using two and three-phase conduction modes. First of all, the classical direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with sinusoidal back-EMF is discussed in detail. Secondly, the proposed two-phase conduction mode for DTC of BLDC motors is introduced in the constant torque region. In this control scheme, only two phases conduct at any instant of time using a six-switch inverter. By properly selecting the inverter voltage space vectors of the two-phase conduction mode from a simple look-up table the desired quasi-square wave current is obtained. Therefore, it is possible to achieve DTC of a BLDC motor drive with faster torque response while the stator flux linkage amplitude is deliberately kept almost constant by ignoring the flux control in the constant torque region. Third, the avarege current controlled boost power factor correction (PFC) method is applied to the previously discussed proposed DTC of BLDC motor drive in the constant torque region. The test results verify that the proposed PFC for DTC of BLDC motor drive improves the power factor from 0.77 to about 0.9997 irrespective of the load. Fourth, the DTC technique for BLDC motor using four-switch inverter in the constant torque region is studied. For effective torque control in two phase conduction mode, a novel switching pattern incorporating the voltage vector look-up table is designed and implemented for four-switch inverter to produce the desired torque characteristics. As a result, it is possible to achieve two-phase conduction DTC of a BLDC motor drive using four-switch inverter with faster torque response due to the fact that the voltage space vectors are directly controlled.. Finally, the position sensorless direct torque and indirect flux control (DTIFC) of BLDC motor with non-sinusoidal back-EMF has been extensively investigated using three-phase conduction scheme with six-switch inverter. In this work, a novel and simple approach to achieve a low-frequency torque ripple-free direct torque control with maximum efficiency based on dq reference frame similar to permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives is presented.

The finite element method (FEM) is a widely-used numerical tool in the fields of structural dynamics, acoustics and electromagnetics. In this work, our goal is to develop robust FEM strategies for solving problems in the areas of acoustics, structures and electromagnetics, and then extend these strategies to solve multi-physics problems such as magnetohydrodynamics and structural acoustics. We now briefly describe the finite element strategies developed in each of the above domains. In the structural domain, we show that the trapezoidal rule, which is a special case of the Newmark family of algorithms, conserves linear and angular momenta and energy in the case of undamped linear elastodynamics problems, and an ‘energy-like measure’ in the case of undamped acoustic problems. These conservation properties, thus, provide a rational basis for using this algorithm. In linear elastodynamics variants of the trapezoidal rule that incorporate ‘high-frequency’ dissipation are often used, since the higher frequencies, which are not approximated properly by the standard displacement-based approach, often result in unphysical behavior. Instead of modifying the trapezoidal algorithm, we propose using a hybrid FEM framework for constructing the stiffness matrix. Hybrid finite elements, which are based on a two-field variational formulation involving displacement and stresses, are known to approximate the eigenvalues much more accurately than the standard displacement-based approach, thereby either bypassing or reducing the need for high-frequency dissipation. We show this by means of several examples, where we compare the numerical solutions obtained using the displacementbased and hybrid approaches against analytical solutions. We also present a monolithic formulation for the solution of structural acoustic problems based on the hybrid finite element approach. In the area of electromagnetics, since our goal is to ultimately couple the electromagnetic analysis with structural or fluid variables in a ‘monolithic’ framework, we focus on developing nodal finite elements rather than using ‘edge elements’. It is well-known that conventional nodal finite elements can give rise to spurious solutions, and that they cannot capture singularities when the domains are nonconvex and have sharp corners. The commonly used remedies of either adding a penalty term or using a potential formulation are unable to address these problems satisfactorily. In order to overcome this problem, we first develop several mixed finite elements in two and three dimensions which predict the eigenfrequencies (including their multiplicities) accurately, even for non-convex domains. In this proposed formulation, no ad-hoc terms are added as in the penalty formulation, and the improvement is achieved purely by an appropriate choice of the finite element spaces for the different variables. For inhomogeneous domains, ‘double noding’ is used to enforce the appropriate continuity conditions at an interface. Although the developed mixed FEM works very accurately for all 2D geometries and regular Cartesian 3D geometries, it has so far not yielded success for curved 3D geometries. Therefore, for 3D harmonic and transient analysis problems, we propose and use a modified form of the potential formulation that overcomes the disadvantages of the standard potential method, especially on non-convex domains. Electromagnetic radiation and scattering in an exterior domain traditionally involved imposing a suitable absorbing boundary condition (ABC) on the truncation boundary of the numerical domain to inhibit reflection from it. In this work, based on the Wilcox asymptotic expansion of the electric far-field, we propose an amplitude formulation within the framework of the nodal FEM, whereby the highly oscillatory radial part of the field is separated out a-priori so that the standard Lagrange interpolation functions have to capture a relatively gently varying function. Since these elements can be used in the immediate vicinity of the radiator or scatterer (with few exceptions which we enumerate), it is more effective compared to methods of imposing ABCs, especially for high-frequency problems. We show the effectiveness of the proposed formulation on a wide variety of radiation and scattering problems involving both conducting and dielectric bodies, and involving both convex and non-convex domains with sharp corners. The Time Domain Finite Element Method (TDFEM) has been used extensively to solve transient electromagnetic radiation and scattering problems. Although conservation of energy in electromagnetics is well-known, we show in this work that there are additional quantities that are also conserved in the absence of loading. We then show that the developed time-stepping strategy (which is closely related to the trapezoidal rule) mimics these continuum conservation properties either exactly or to a very good approximation. Thus, the developed numerical strategy can be said to be ‘unconditionally stable’ (from an energy perspective) allowing the use of arbitrarily large time-steps. We demonstrate the high accuracy and robustness of the developed method for solving both interior and exterior domain radiation problems, and for finding the scattered field from conducting and dielectric bodies. In the field of magneto-hydrodynamics, we develop a monolithic strategy based on a continuous velocity-pressure formulation that is known to satisfy the Babuska-Brezzi (BB) conditions. The magnetic field is interpolated in the same way as the velocity field, and the entire formulation is within a nodal finite element framework. Both transient and steady-state formulations are developed for two- and three-dimensional geometries. An exact linearization of the monolithic strategy ensures that rapid (quadratic) convergence is achieved within each time (or load) step, while the stable nature of the interpolations used ensure that no instabilities arise in the solution. Good agreement with analytical solutions, even with the use of very coarse meshes, shows the efficacy of the developed formulation.

Computing 3D high lift flows has been a challenge to the CFD community because of three important reasons: complex physics, complex geometries and large computational requirements. In the recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the suitability of various CFD solvers in computing 3D high lift flows, through the systematic studies carried out under High Lift Prediction workshops. The primary focus of these workshops is to assess the ability of the CFD solvers to predict CLmax and αmax associated with the high lift flows, apart from the predictability of lift and drag of such flows in the linear region. Now there is a reasonable consensus in the community about the ability of the CFD solvers to predict these quantities and fresh efforts to further understand the ability of the CFD solvers to predict more complex physics associated with these flows have already begun. The goal of this thesis is to assess the capability of the computational methods in predicting such complex flow phenomena associated with the 3D High-Lift systems. For evaluation NASA three element Trapezoidal wing configuration which poses a challenging task in numerical modeling was selected. Unstructured data based 3D RANS solver HiFUN (HiFUN stands for High Resolution Flow Solver for UNstructured Meshes) is used in investigating the high lift flow. The computations were run fully turbulent, using the one equation Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. A summary of the results obtained using the flow solver HiFUN for the 3D High lift NASA Trapezoidal wing are presented. Hybrid unstructured grids have been used for the computations. Grid converged solution obtained for the clean wing and the wing with support brackets, are compared with experimental data. The ability of the solver to predict critical design parameters associated with the high lift flow, such as αmax and CLmax is demonstrated. The utility of the CFD tools, in predicting change in aerodynamic parameters in response to perturbational changes in the configuration is brought out. The solutions obtained for the high lift configuration from two variants of the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model are compared. To check the unsteadiness in the flow, particularly near stall, unsteady simulations were performed on static grid. Lastly, hysteresis on lower leg of lift curve is discussed, the results obtained for quasi-steady and dynamic unsteady simulations are presented. Inferences from the study on useful design practices pertaining to the 3D high lift flow simulations are summarized.

Master's thesis is follow up with the disign of the load bearing structure of a office building. The building is designed for the area of Svitavy. The plan's dimension are 54,0 x 54,0 m. The objects has 10 floors. Load-bearing structure is disigned in two variants. In the variant A is centre to centre spacing 6m, in variant the B it si 9m. The coulomns and floor structure are composite steel-concrete. Thesis includes drawings.

The subject of this diploma thesis is design and check of two steel structures. A production hall with a floor plan dimensions 24x50 m and an administrative building with floor plan dimensions 54x30 m. Both buildings are situated in Prostějov. The structure of the production hall has a roof pitched at 12%. The main frames have 6 m centre to centre spacing. The design of the production hall is processed in two options. The administrative building has 4 floors. The floor structures are made of composite steel and concrete structure. The structure is stabilized by vertical bracings in both directions. The computational model of both structures was built up using SCIA Engineer software.

This thesis focuses on design and assessment of load-bearing construction of a bridge over Jevišovka river at road I/53 near Lechovice. The bridge was designed as a trapezoidal cross-section slab. This solution was chosen from three sketch eventualities. The work includes an implementing engineering report, construction process report and report about static-analysis, the attachments include the sketch, vizualization, drawings, component drawing, construction process and the static-analysis of this structure. Computing of internal forces was performed by computational software Scia Engineer 17.