Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:47:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato Modernell.pdf: 329387 bytes, checksum: 17cdb59d27e5953c0cb01e62d2bdc3ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The present paper investigates how Travel Narrative is connected to literary fiction. Taking into consideration composition processes, tools of style and thematical hybridism, this study discusses if these narratives can be considered as a significant genre of post-modern culture. Three books appear at first: The last opium den, by Nick Tosches; Woman of Porto Pim, by Antonio Tabucchi; and A fortune-teller told me, by Tiziano Terzani. In these books the authors narrate their impressions while travelling through the southeast of Asia and also through the archipelago of Azores. The Bakhtinian notion of dialogism sustains the theoretical basis of this paper, which compares the two texts between themselves and the others. / Este estudo investiga de que modo a Narrativa de Viagem se articula com a ficção literária. Levando em conta processos de composição, recursos de estilo e o hibridismo temático, discute se essa narrativa constitui um gênero representativo da cultura pós-moderna. Três obras aparecem em primeiro plano: A última casa de ópio (The last opium den), de Nick Tosches; Mulher de Porto Pim (Donna di Porto Pim), de Antonio Tabucchi; e Um adivinho me disse (Un indovino mi disse), de Tiziano Terzani. Nessas obras, os autores relatam suas impressões de viagem por países do sudeste asiático e pelo arquipélago dos Açores. A noção bakhtiniana de dialogismo permeia o lastro teórico deste trabalho, correlacionando os textos entre si e a diversos outros.

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo a análise do Tratado das Coisas da China (1570) de Frei Gaspar da Cruz, visando compreender a inserção desta literatura de viagem no processo de mundialização do século XVI, levado a cabo pelas naus da expansão ibérica, sobretudo portuguesa. A partir desta obra, pretende-se espelhar o processo de relações estabelecido entre portugueses e chineses, tomando a narrativa como registro histórico que constrói a imagem da China no século XVI. / This study encompasses the analysis of the book Tratado das Coisas da China by Friar Gaspar da Cruz, as an attempt to understand the addition of travel literature in the 16th century\'s mundialization process, which was undertaken by the Iberian maritime exploration led by Portugal during the Age of Discovery. Taking Gaspar da Cruz\'s work as basis, the study aims to mirror the Portuguese-Chinese relations established at the time, understanding travel narrative as a historical record that substantiates such relations, providing for an intercultural process with interlaced views.

Cette étude s’interroge sur la construction de la référence dans le genre discursif récit de voyage. Ce genre se signale en effet par une posture énonciative commune : les énonciateurs voyageurs,placés dans un contexte d’asymétrie entre langue et culture, ont à rendre compte derealia (espèces naturelles, artefacts, pratiques sociales) qui ne sont pas systématiquement lexicalisés dans leur langue, ou pour lesquels ils ne possèdent pas de compétence dénominative.Aussi présentent-ils souvent l’opération de référence comme problématique. Pour rendre compte de la manière dont les énonciateurs s’y prennent en contexte pour référer « malgré tout », la thèse analyse les procédures de nomination et de catégorisation des realia exotiques dans un corpus de récits de voyageurs français en Afrique noire durant la période coloniale. Elle met en place une sémantique discursive articulant les trois ordres de la langue, de la textualité et du discours. Le travail bâtit tout d’abord une typologie des formats de nomination exploités dans le corpus, et montre ainsi que les pratiques discursives de nomination sont adossées au système de la langue. Cette première procédure référentielle est complétée par des opérations séquentielles de délimitation des catégories ; on met en lumière les contraintes textuelles qui pèsent sur cette seconde procédure. On analyse ensuite les effets discursifs produits par l’utilisation de ces ressources linguistiques, en les articulant avec la dimension générique, les positionnement sénonciatifs et idéologiques. Les outils d’analyse construits sont enfin appliqués pour caractériser des exploitations discursives particulières dans deux textes contrastés du corpus. / The present study explores how reference is constructed in the discursive genre specifiedas travel narrative. A hallmark of the genre is a common posture towards the production of thetext where enunciator-travellers are placed in an asymmetric context between language and cultureand have to give an account of realia (natural species, artefacts, social practices) which are not systematically lexicalized in their own languages or for which they do not have naming competence. They thus tend to present referencing as problematic. In order to describe how incontext enunciators manage to reference “against all odds”, the present dissertation analysesnaming and categorization procedures of exotic realia in a corpus of travel accounts by Frenchtravellers to Black Africa in the colonial period. A discursive semantics is set up based on thepatterning of the three orders, language, textuality and discourse. The present work first builds upa typology of naming patterns implemented in the corpus and is able to show that discursivepractices concerned with naming rest on the language as a system. This first referencing procedureis followed by sequential operations to delimit categories; textual constraints on this secondprocedure are shown up. There follows the analysis of the discursive effects that result from theuse of such linguistic resources and this is done through articulation with the generic dimensionand the enunciative and ideological stances. Finally the analytic tools that have been devised areapplied to the characterization of specific discursive processes in two contrasting texts from thecorpus.

<p>This project argues that the nuclear bomb has made speculation an integral part of representing the material world. The bomb’s capability to cause an unprecedented extent of destruction and the constant state of latent war between nuclear-armed countries (expressed through arms race and high alert readiness) created a reality where the disasters in the future must be constantly speculated to understand the contemporary world’s material state. The tens of thousands of nuclear warheads sleeping in silos and submarines are not just the sum of their material components, but also incredibly compressed embodiments of future disasters that may be released at a moment’s notice. Regardless of the likelihood of nuclear conflicts (with which this dissertation is not concerned), the weapon exerts its influence as one of the most catastrophic possibilities even as it remains dormant. In considering the implications of nuclear weapons, all nations and people on the planet think not of what they are, but what they can do. The weapon’s possible future states define its present significance.</p><p> The inherent oxymoron of the nuclear bomb is thus that despite its staggering materiality, it is fiction as well. Any representation of the bomb that ponders its sole purpose—mass destruction—is inevitably speculative. While the degrees in which they reference empirical data vary, the narratives from which people around the world from heads of nations to common citizens learn anything at all about nuclear weaponry are forms of fiction, ranging from fantastical literary fictions to strategic fictions attempting to represent the power of the weapon that is itself fantastical. Not all representations of the weapon or nuclear war are, of course, taken seriously. Apocalyptic nuclear events are often used in popular nuclear fictions as a convenient excuse for dismantling the existing social structures and providing interesting backdrops for survivalist stories. The very fact that imaginations of hypothetical nuclear disasters have become an overused cliché all the while proliferation remains an active threat, however, also indicates that the world has been living with the horrifying prospect of nuclear disasters for decades without an actual event of the kind—that, in other words, the weapon has existed mostly as a fiction. The introduction of the nuclear bomb to the world in this sense marks a critical point in history beyond which the speculated future outcomes of the productions in the present increasingly becomes an integral part of understanding the latter.</p><p>The central concept with which I articulate the relationship between the present and the future created by nuclear weaponry is “eventuality.” Eventuality is a narrativization process through which a historical event develops into an anticipated future event as the original event’s outcome. A story about a fictional World War III involving nuclear weapons, for example, is a form of eventuality. The conceptual usefulness of eventuality is that it articulates the historical trend in the post-1945 era as well as the more recent years of climate change, in which hypothetical future events are increasingly represented not just for the purpose of knowing the future itself, but also reassessing the history to date. Eventuality establishes a causal relation between an event and its hypothetical future outcome—or its “eventual” as I call it. By drawing a line of synthetic history extending beyond the present, eventuality as a narrativization process defines the direction in which history has been heading up to the present. Compared to the postmodernist understanding of the representation of the past, eventuality is concerned with how human productions in the present already creates the future and, consequently, how the very ways in which we conceive the present is influenced by the possible futures.</p><p>To discuss the concept of eventuality in detail, the first chapter examines time travel narratives as ideal instances of eventuality. Eventuality consists in two operations running in opposite temporal directions—speculatively writing the future (prospection) and assessing history in light of that speculated future (retrospection). The literary genre that embodies this exact pair of movements is the time travel narrative. H. G. Wells’s novel <i>The Time Machine </i>(1895), the first scientific time travel story, creates a critical legacy for the genre: the assumption that the entirety of time already exists. The conceptualization of the already-existing future is important because it emphasizes the causal relation between the present and the future—the future which the time traveler witnesses is the direct outcome of his present. In the movie adaptation produced during the Cold War, the dystopian course of history is rewritten to be a nuclear war narrative, which suggests that the time travel narrative as a base frame has been appropriated by the desire to speculate the future born with the nuclear bomb. Then decades later the <i>Terminator </i>movies develop the time travel narrative as an instance of eventuality even further by creating a scenario in which the future is no longer just an uncharted territory to be explored, but an active force that has a direct sway over the present’s world. </p><p>Along with literary fictions of nuclear disasters, strategic studies on nuclear conflicts also attempt to represent the nonexistent events of future disasters. The historical significance of the advent of wargaming, a major form of nuclear strategic fiction, is that even the comparatively scientific and empirical study of nuclear war funded by the U.S. military is fundamentally speculative. The very formation and development of wargaming, in other words, is an indication that the nuclear weapon brings with it unknown possibilities for the future. The legitimacy of a wargame’s findings is dependent on that of the future projection used in the scenario. But since the latter is itself speculative and thus cannot be proven, the narrative logic of a wargame is circular or self-referential. This circularity is exactly the structure of the synthetic history in the <i>Terminator </i>films, which is a form of eventuality in which the present creates the future and the future retrospectively redefines the present.</p><p>The nuclear bomb, finally, also contributed to the advent of ecological worldview with its ecocidal nature and sheer extent of destructive capability. Geosciences in the U.S. experienced a rapid growth following the second World War, as the military pursued global surveillance for nuclear activities. Some of the same scientists who developed the weapons also began to study the interactions between radiation and the human body, as the workers in the weapons production lines began to experience radiation sickness. This kind of research was soon expanded to the study of radiation’s ecological effects on a broader scale involving not just the human bodies but also other environmental entities, organic and inorganic. Civilian research projects, in the meantime, found a widespread impact of weapons tests, including the “bone seeker” radioisotopes accumulated in the human body. Lastly, in terms of the more general way of understanding the world, the cases of radiation exposures discovered far away from the sources offered people around the world points of reference with which they could conceive an ecologically interconnected network on a planetary scale. </p>

Epideictic rhetoric, one of the classical modes of persuasion described by Aristotle, has faced some criticism concerning its value in the realm of rhetoric. Though attitudes have been shifting over the last several decades, there is still a tendency to undervalue epideictic, falling back on the Aristotelian system of ceremonial oratory. However, its “praise and blame” style of persuasion employs of the type of rhetor / audience identification described by Kenneth Burke. Epideictic rhetoric is a major component of virtually any communication, as the speaker or writer seeks to create a bond with that audience so as to persuade them of something. This is evident in Victorian women's travel narratives; not necessarily noted for rhetoricality, they are nonetheless powerfully rhetorical in their prose as they foster emotionally- based identifications. Through their employment of epideictic description, travel narratives are not merely showpieces, but rather catalysts for social consciousness and change. As we move from the civic discourse-based Aristotelian classification of epideictic to encompass literary works like the travel narrative, the multifaceted value of epideictic is undeniable.

Postcolonial theory teaches us that the Empire was as much a textual as a physical undertaking: the Empire was (and is) experienced through its texts. Anthony Trollope was an enthusiastic traveller and helped to "write the Empire" in both his travel narratives and in his novels. This study examines his travel narrative South Africa, and explores how the colony is depicted in this work and in Trollope's "colonial" novels: Harry Heathcote of Gangoil, John Caldigate, An Old Man's Love and The Fixed Period. Trollope's colonies are places of moral danger where the value systems instilled by English society provide the only means for overcoming the corrupting influences of the colonial space. He writes the colonies as images of Britain, but these images are never true reflections of the homeland: there is always an element of distortion present, which serves to subvert the "Englishness" of his colonial landscapes. / English Studies / MA (ENGLISH)

This dissertation examines the evolution of the early English travel narrative as it relates to the development and application of mercantilist economic practices, theories of aesthetic representation, and discourses of gender and narrative authority. I attempt to redress an imbalance in critical work on pre-colonialism and colonialism, which has tended to focus either on the Renaissance, as exemplified by the works of critics such as Stephen Greenblatt and John Gillies, or on the later eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, as in the work of scholars such as Srinivas Aravamudan and Edward Said. This critical gap has left early travel narratives by Sir Francis Moore, Jonathan Harris, Penelope Aubin, and others largely neglected. These early writers, I argue, adapted the conventions of the travel narrative while relying on the authority of contemporary commercial practices. The early English travelers modified contemporary conventions of aesthetic representation by formulating their descriptions of non-European cultures in terms of the economic and political conventions and rivalries of the early eighteenth century. Early English travel literature, I demonstrate, functioned as a politically motivated medium that served both as a marker of authenticity, justifying the colonial and imperial ventures that would flourish in the nineteenth century, and as a forum for experimentation with English notions of gender and narrative authority.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-12-14T15:38:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maico Biehl_.pdf: 7777588 bytes, checksum: 1ecebc5b7ff5f8e573520ac200ef0296 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-14T15:38:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maico Biehl_.pdf: 7777588 bytes, checksum: 1ecebc5b7ff5f8e573520ac200ef0296 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-10 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A presente dissertação analisa as representações sobre a natureza e a sociedade do Paraguai expressas no conjunto das narrativas de viagens do médico suíço Johann Rudolf Rengger (1795-1832), intituladas Ensayo Historico sobre la Revolución del Paraguay y el gobierno dictatorio del Doctor Francia, publicada em 1827, e Viaje al Paraguay en los años 1818 a 1826, publicada postumamente em 1835. No início do século XIX, Rengger em companhia de seu colega e, também médico suíço, Marcel Longchamp, empreenderam, por livre iniciativa, uma viagem à América do Sul. A opção por explorar o Paraguai, à época sob a ditadura de José Gaspar Rodrigues de Francia, impôs dificuldades aos viajantes, que foram obrigados a permanecer no país por aproximadamente seis anos, entre 1819 e 1825. Após o retorno à Europa, Rengger dedicou-se à sistematização do material que conseguiu trazer consigo e à publicação dos primeiros resultados de sua viagem, processo abreviado pelo seu prematuro falecimento, em 1832. Inicialmente, nos detemos na trajetória de Joahnn Rengger, refletindo sobre sua formação em vários países europeus e a importância das viagens realizadas, quer em seus estudos, quer em suas atividades posteriores. Para tanto, além das narrativas de Rengger, nos valemos de registros históricos produzidos pelo governo de Francia, de narrativas produzidas por outros viajantes que estiveram no Paraguai e de escritos biográficos redigidos por indivíduos próximos ao médico suíço. À luz de referenciais da História Cultural, reconstituímos o processo de escrita e de edição das obras de Rengger e analisamos suas impressões sobre a natureza e a população paraguaia, notadamente, sobre os indígenas e os criollos, não descuidando de relacioná-las com as teorias estéticas e científicas vigentes no período e presentes em outros relatos de viajantes. Na continuidade, analisamos a atuação de Rengger no Paraguai enquanto médico e naturalista, atividades que mais o notabilizaram, acrescentando a esta análise uma reflexão sobre sua obra Ensayo Historico e sobre suas percepções e avaliações sobre a história do Paraguai. A análise dos relatos de viagens de Johann Rengger nos possibilitou problematizar não apenas sua trajetória e sua produção intelectual, mas também refletir sobre suas percepções sobre a natureza, a sociedade e a história do Paraguai independente das primeiras décadas do Oitocentos. / The present thesis analyzes the representations of Paraguai’s society and nature expressed in a set of travel narratives by Swedish physician Johann Rudolf Rengger (1795-1832), entitled Ensayo Historico sobre la Revolución del Paraguay y el gobierno dictatorio del Doctor Francia, published in 1827, and Viaje al Paraguay en los años 1818 a 1826, published post-mortem in 1835. In the beginning of the nineteenth century, Rengger along with his colleague, the also Swedish physician, Marcel Longchamp, undertook, on laissez-faire, a trip to South America. The decision to explore Paraguay, in the time under the dictatorship of José Gaspar Rodrigues de Francia, imposed difficulties for the travelers, who were forced to remain in the country for nearly six years, between 1819 and 1825. After returning to Europe, Rengger dedicated himself to the systematization of the material he managed to bring along and to the publishing of his trip’s first results, a process that was shortened by his premature death, in 1832. At first, we are going to focus on Joahnn Rengger’ trajectory, reflecting upon his formation in several European countries and his performed trips’ importance, either in his studies, or in his following activities. Therefore, besides Rengger’s narratives, we are going to make use of historical records produced by the government of Francia, of narratives produced by other travelers who had been to Paraguay and of biographic writings written by individuals closely related to the Swedish physician. In the light of Cultural History, we restored the process of writing and edition of Rengger’s work and analyzed its impressions on nature and the Paraguayan population, notably, about Indians and criollos, carefully relating them to scientific and aesthetic theories in force during that time and present in other travelers’ reports. Following, we analyze the Rengger’s performance in Paraguay as a physician and naturalist, roles that made him notable, adding to this analysis a reflection on his work Ensayo Historico and on his perceptions and evaluations on Paraguay’s history. The analysis of Johann Rengger’s travel reports allowed us to problematize not only his trajectory and his intellectual production, but also reflect upon his perceptions about Paraguay’s history, society and nature, regardless of the first decades of the eighteen hundreds.

La thèse traite de l'évolution de l'écriture du voyage à l'ère de la mondialisation, notion qui comprend l’accélération et la banalisation des moyens de transport et l'interconnexion planétaire par les nouveaux moyens de communication. Comment les nouveaux modes de voyage ont influencé la pratique de l'espace d'une part, et la perception de l'exotisme et de l'altérité d'autre part ? La profusion des images de l'Ailleurs fait-elle du voyage un déjà-vu ou la découverte reste possible ? C'est à ces questions que cette recherche apporte un début de réponse. Le corpus comprend Les mots étrangers de l'écrivain grec Vassilis Alexakis,. Le carrousel sicilien de l'écrivain anglais Lawrence Durrell, Le jour des morts de l'écrivain néerlandais Cee Nooteboom, La montagne volante de l'écrivain autrichien Christoph Ransmayr et le Ravissement de Britney Spears de l'écrivain français Jean Roli. Dans un premier temps, cette recherche comparatiste aborde l'évolution formelle à la fois synchronique et diachronique . Ensuite l'étude s'interroge si les motivations du voyage contemporain ainsi que la création de l'imaginaire par le biais des nouvelles technologies. La recherche se penche sur les étapes importantes du voyage (le départ, le passage des frontières, l'arrivée, le retour) ainsi que sur différents modes de voyage (tourisme, voyage, quête, errance, globe-trotting) afin d'identifier les évolutions. La question de l'exotisme et de l'altérité ainsi que celle du post-colonial sont abordée. Cette étude porte également sur l'exotisme spatial et l'archipélisation du monde. Enfin, sont abordés les exotismes nouveaux, comme l'exotisme de proximité, l'eisotisme et l'exotisme virtuel. / The thesis studies the evolution of the travel writing in the globalization era. By globalization we mean the speeding up and the banalization of transports and also the planetary interconnexion due to the new technologies. How the new travel types (tourism, globe-trotting) influence the practice of space in one hand, and the perception of the exoticism and the othemess on the other hand ? ls travel a déjà-vu because of the great number of images of the whole world, or discovery is still possible ? This research gives some answers to these questions. The corpus is composed of Foreign Words by the Greek writer Vassilis Alexakis, The Sicilian Carousel by the British writer Lawrence Durrell,Ali Soul's Day by the Dutch writer Cees Nooteboom , n Flying Mountain by the Austrian writer Christoph Ransmayr and Britney Spears' Kidnapping by the French writer Jean Rolin. This comparative literature research studies the evolution of the form, synchronie as diachronie. Then this study examines the motivations of nowdays travel and the creation of the imaginary through new technologies. The research reviews the important moments of the travel (departure, border crossing, arriva retum) and the different types of travel (tourism, quest travel, roaming, globe-troning) in order to identify the evolutions. This study concerns the questions of exoticism and otherness and also of the postcolonial. lt is also about the exoticism of different spaces and the « archipelization (fragmentation) of the world. Finally, the question of new exoticisms, like proximity exoticism, eisoticism and virtual exoticism, is approached.

Postcolonial theory teaches us that the Empire was as much a textual as a physical undertaking: the Empire was (and is) experienced through its texts. Anthony Trollope was an enthusiastic traveller and helped to "write the Empire" in both his travel narratives and in his novels. This study examines his travel narrative South Africa, and explores how the colony is depicted in this work and in Trollope's "colonial" novels: Harry Heathcote of Gangoil, John Caldigate, An Old Man's Love and The Fixed Period. Trollope's colonies are places of moral danger where the value systems instilled by English society provide the only means for overcoming the corrupting influences of the colonial space. He writes the colonies as images of Britain, but these images are never true reflections of the homeland: there is always an element of distortion present, which serves to subvert the "Englishness" of his colonial landscapes. / English Studies / MA (ENGLISH)