This thesis is intended to guide the reader through the production process for Southern Illinois University Department of Theater’s 2021 production of Tuck Everlasting: The Musical. The document follows the journey of a technical director’s process through preproduction, design development, production process, and postproduction reflection. By joining the adventure through the backstage experience of the production process one should come to understand the work needed to produce a theatrical production.

This thesis document follows the costume design and production of Southern Illinois University’s February 2021 production of Tuck Everlasting: the Musical. This “earthbound fantasy” musical takes the audience along with the young protagonist on a life changing journey as she discovers a mysterious immortal family living in the wood near her home. The primary focus surrounds a costume designer’s role through analysis, the design process, the production process, and reflection as it applies to Tuck Everlasting: the Musical.

Purpose: The chin down posture is a compensatory strategy commonly used to minimize the risk of aspiration in patients with a pharyngeal delay. There are several difficulties to determining if the chin down posture is effective at eliminating aspiration including: the variability on how to perform the posture, what the posture is called, and the anatomical changes resulting from the posture The main purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical changes associated with different postural positions (i.e., chin down, chin tuck, and head extended) using endoscopy. Method: Twenty healthy female subjects underwent nasoendoscopy and assumed four different head positions with and without a bolus in the oral cavity. Subjects were instructed on how to perform each posture prior to insertion of the endoscope. The four head position included a neutral, chin down (looking at the floor), chin tuck (chin to neck), and head extended position. Still images of each posture and condition were analyzed using ImageJ to measure the changes in area of airway opening and in distance between structures (e.g., posterior pharyngeal wall to epiglottis). Measured distances and area changes across postures were analyzed within and across subjects. Statistical and descriptive analyses were also completed. Results & Conclusions: The findings demonstrated that there are statistically significant differences in the anatomical structures of the pharynx when creating the chin down, chin tuck, and head extended positions. Furthermore, the presence of a small liquid bolus in the oral cavity played a significant role in changing the area observed in all postures compared to the non-bolus hold postures. Although we were unable to determine a significant statistical difference between the chin down and chin tuck postures, descriptive analyses of these postures lead to noticeable trends in airway opening and visible anatomy (e.g., laryngeal vestibule, vallecular space) across subjects. The chin tuck posture was found to provide subjects with the greatest decrease in area of airway opening from the neutral position, thus increasing airway protection.

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 decimated the theatre industry. Nevertheless, the Department of Theater at Southern Illinois University Carbondale elected to produce live performances of Tuck Everlasting: The Musical to satisfy the thesis requirements of its graduate students and continue the education of its undergraduate students. This document chronicles the production amidst the pandemic from its inception through its closure from the director’s perspective by detailing the pre-production, production, and post-production phases. Pre-production examines the play analysis, directorial interpretation, design process, and casting. Production recounts the processes of executing rehearsals and developing production elements, including complications from COVID-19. Finally, post-production considers the final product through performance and self-reflection, addressing areas of success and opportunities for growth.

No / Objective To assess the inter-tester and intra-tester reliability of the tuck jump test. Design Repeated measures. Setting University Human Performance laboratory. Participants Five male and 5 female athletes undertook the Tuck jump test which was then assessed by two independent assessors. Main outcome measures Score from the video assessment of the tuck jump test by two independent assessors on two separate occasions. Results Average percentage of exact agreement (PEA) between the two testers across all scoring criteria for all subjects was 93% (range 80–100%). Both testers were in absolute 100% agreement in 5 out of 10 subjects for all of the scoring criteria. The kappa measure of agreement was k = 0.88 which is very good/excellent. The intra-tester PEA ranged 87.2%–100%, with kappa values of k = 0.86–1.0. Conclusion The study showed very good–excellent intra-tester and inter-tester reliability for both examiners when comparing their individual scores of the tuck jump test across two analysis sessions. These findings indicate that the proposed tuck jump assessment is reliable to identify abnormal landing mechanics.

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Thesis (M. Tech. Dept. of Hospitality, Tourism and PR Management)--Vaal University of Technology, 2009. / Background: Approximately 45% of South Africans are overweight, including 20% of children under six years of age. Snack foods are now targeted in the food industry, globally, as an obesity prevention initiative, focusing on children to ensure the adoption of a healthy lifestyle from an early age. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional status and snack consumption patterns of children (n=290) 9 to 13 years old in the Vaal Region at two purposively selected primary schools in order to develop a healthy snack food item that will address obesity in children from a very young age. Methods: A baseline survey included a pre-tested questionnaire, administered by trained fieldworkers to determine snack food consumption patterns. Anthropometric measurements included weight and height. A snack food item was developed to meet certain criteria identified from the literature and baseline survey. The methods included: snack food development and preparation, chemical analyses to determine actual content, microbiological tests to determine shelf life and sensory analyses to determine acceptability. Study design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Data analyses: Data of the questionnnaires were captured and analysed for descriptive statistics (frequencies, means and standard deviations). The anthropometric data were captured and analysed using the World Health Organisation (WHO) standards for 2007. Results: The results showed that the children in the sample knew the meaning of healthy snacks, although the majority (66.8%) consumed unhealthy snacks, especially from school tuck shops. The top ten snack foods most commonly consumed daily were: coffee (48.3%), tea (46.1%), crispy chips (39.1%), fruit juice (38.0%), chicken (35.1%), fried potato chips (33.6%), carbonated drinks (26.9%), biscuits (26.2%), toffees (26.2%) and yoghurt (25.8%). The majority (56.8%) of the respondents indicated that they receive between R2 and R5 per week for tuck shop money, besides their monthly pocket money (64.6%). Most of the respondents (45.4%) spend their pocket money on snack food items and these are mainly consumed while watching television (36.9%) and when bored (29.5%). The anthropometric results indicated that 11.7% of the group were underweight, 12.1% of the group were stunted; in addition 20% were at risk of underweight, and 23.4% at risk of being stunted. A significantly higher percentage of girls (16.81) were stunted compared with the boys (5.0%). Also 7.6% of the group were overweight. More girls were overweight compared with boys. A snack food item was developed to address obesity in this region. The criteria met were that it was affordable, at cost of R0.55 per 30g portion, was low in fat and had high-density nutritional value, with at least 20% of the DRI for protein and iron, had a shelf life of 28 days and was generally acceptable to the majority of the respondents. Conclusion and recommendations: This study showed that obesity is becoming a problem amongst children in the Vaal Region. Although primary school children knew healthy snack foods, their behaviour indicated a large consumption of unhealthy snack foods. A low-fat, low-energy, low-cost and acceptable snack food item was successfully developed to address the obesity problem in the region. Further research is recommended where this snack food item is implemented in an intervention study to measure its impact on the nutritional status of obese primary school children. / National Research Foundation

This thesis inquires into the lived experience of five foster care alumni as they re-member and explore negotiations of time, space, and being made/becoming as young people formerly in government care. Informed by arts-based living inquiry (Irwin & de Cosson, 2004) and a collaborative research ethic, I undertook an emergent, rhizomatic exploration of new ways of viewing/thinking about the culture of care and about problematic representations of youth in care as irrevocably “broken,” “damaged,” and “deficient”. This process of inquiry allowed for movement between tangled lines of power, resistance, becoming, and desire informed by concepts central to the works of Foucault (1982), Deleuze and Guattari (1987), Tuck (2010), and Skott-Myhre (2008). Five foster care alumni explored their inquiry into “being in care” through arts-based methods that included collage, painting and drawing, and individual and group interviews. Important themes identified by participants included being seen/being heard, “foster child,” time, space, labels, disrupting “normal,” becoming complex, becoming political, and the importance of spirituality, belonging, Indigenous ways of knowing, and community. Such layered, complex representations foreground creativity and dignity while troubling the problematic representations of youth in care that permeate dominant discourses, practices, and policies shaping foster care systems and interventions. / Graduate

Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction and Objectives: Schools can serve as a supportive environment for the promotion of healthy eating in order to prevent childhood overweight and obesity and the development of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, muscoskeletal disorders and some cancers. Tuck shops at schools often offer unhealthy items that are energy dense and high in fat and/or sugar with a low content of vitamins, minerals and dietary fibre. The availability of unhealthy items in tuck shops prevents learners from making healthy food choices, since children tend to choose unhealthy foods when given a choice. In addition to unhealthy items offered by tuck shops, learners also bring unhealthy items to school in their lunchboxes. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of a nutritionally-regulated tuck shop on primary school learners’ perceptions, attitudes and behaviour towards healthy eating in a Bloemfontein, Afrikaans medium, co-education primary school, and compare it to learners of a school with a conventional tuck shop. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey with an analytical component, grade 2 to 7 learners in a school with a nutritionally-regulated tuck shop (n=116) and a school with a conventional tuck shop (n=141) completed a questionnaire. Six learners per grade also took part in focus group discussions. Questions related to lunchbox contents and perceptions, attitudes and behaviour towards the tuck shop and healthy eating. Nutritional information of the items available for purchase at each of the school tuck shops was collected. Results: The lunchboxes of learners in the school with a nutritionally-regulated tuck shop contained significantly (p<0.05) more healthy items (fruit, water and muffins), as well as significantly more unhealthy items (sweets and chips). The items offered by the nutritionally-regulated tuck shop contained approximately half the kilojoules compared to items offered by the conventional tuck shop. Learners in the school with a nutritionally-regulated tuck shop liked certain fruits and vegetables significantly (p<0.05) more than learners in the school with a conventional tuck shop. Statistical significant differences (p<0.05) between different grades and gender showed that grade 2 learners in both schools had a less positive attitude towards certain fruit and vegetables compared to the older learners, while girls in both schools were more positive towards certain fruits and vegetables compared to boys. Younger learners had a more positive attitude towards their nutritionally-regulated tuck shop than older learners. In both schools learners had similar perceptions regarding the particular school’s tuck shop and healthy eating. Conclusion: The hypothesis that learners in a school with a nutritionally-regulated tuck shop have positive attitudes, perceptions and behaviour towards healthy eating was rejected. The availability of healthier items in a school tuck shop had a positive influence on certain behaviours and attitudes of learners, but the potential value of controlling the type of items available for purchase at schools might be counteracted by lunchbox contents, certain fixed eating patterns, perceptions of learners and previous exposure to a conventional tuck shop. Recommendations include a multi-pronged approach such as the Health Promoting Schools concept. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding en doelwitte: Skole bied ‘n omgewing waar goeie eetgewoontes bevorder kan word ten einde oorgewig en vetsug in kinders te voorkom, asook die ontwikkeling van nie-oordraagbare siektes soos kardiovaskulêre siektes, tipe-2 diabetes mellitus, lewervervetting sindroom, ortopediese komplikasies en sekere soorte kanker. Snoepies in skole voorsien meestal ongesonde items met ‘n hoë energie, vet- en/of suikerinhoud en wat laag is in vitamiene, minerale en dieetvesel. Die beskikbaarheid van ongesonde items in snoepies verhoed dat leerders gesonde voelselkeuses uitoefen, omdat kinders geneig is om voorkeur aan ongesonde kos te gee as hulle 'n keuse gebied word. Benewens die ongesonde items wat snoepies aanbied, neem leerders boonop ongesonde kos in hul kosblikke skooltoe. Die doel van die studie was om by 'n Afrikaans dubbelmedium laerskool in Bloemfontein die invloed van ‘n voedingkundig-gereguleerde snoepie op leerders se persepsies, houdings en gedrag teenoor gesonde eetgewoontes te ondersoek en te vergelyk met leerders in 'n skool met 'n konvensionele snoepie. Metodes: In ‘n deursnit-opname met ‘n analitiese komponent, het graad 2 tot 7 leerders in ‘n skool met ‘n voedingkundig-gereguleerde snoepie (n=116) en ‘n skool met ‘n konvensionele snoepie (n=141), ‘n vraelys ingevul. Ses leerders in elke graad in elk van die skole het ook aan fokusgroepbesprekings deelgeneem. Vrae het oor die inhoud van kosblikke, asook persepsies, houding en gedrag teenoor die snoepie en gesonde eetgewoontes, gehandel. Voedingsinligting rakende die items wat in elk van die skole se snoepies verkoop word, is ook ingesamel. Resultate: Die kosblikke van leerders in ‘n skool met ‘n voedingkundig-gereguleerde snoepie het statisties beduidend (p<0.05) meer gesonde items bevat (vrugte, water en muffins), maar ook beduidend meer ongesonde items (lekkergoed en aartappelskyfies). Voedsel-items wat in die voedingkundig-gereguleerde snoepie beskikbaar was, het omtrent die helfte minder energie bevat as voedsel-items wat in die konvensionele snoepie beskikbaar was. Leerders in ‘n skool met ‘n voedingkundig-gereguleerde snoepie het beduidend (p<0.05) meer van sekere groente en vrugte gehou as leerders in ‘n skool met ‘n konvensionele snoepie. Statisties beduidende (p<0.05) verskille tussen verskillende grade en die houding van verskillende geslagte dui daarop dat graad 2 leerders in albei skole minder positief gevoel het oor sekere groente en vrugte as ouer leerders, terwyl meisies in albei skole ‘n meer positiewe houding teenoor sekere groente en vrugte getoon het as seuns. Jonger leerders het ‘n meer positiewe houding teenoor hulle voedingkundig-gereguleerde snoepie getoon as ouer leerders. In albei skole het leerders soortgelyke persepsies rondom hul onderskeie skole se snoepies en gesonde eetgewoontes openbaar. Gevolgtrekking: Die hipotese dat leerders in ‘n skool met ‘n voedingkundig-gereguleerde snoepie positiewe persepsies, houding en gedrag teenoor gesonde eetgewoontes toon is nie aanvaar nie. Die beskikbaarheid van gesonder items in ‘n skoolsnoepie het 'n positiewe invloed op sekere eetgewoontes en houdings van die leerders, maar die potensiële waarde daarvan om die tipes voedsel wat by skole te koop aangebied word te reguleer mag egter teengewerk word deur kosblikke se inhoud asook sekere vaste eetpatrone, persepsies van leerders en vorige blootstelling aan ‘n konvensionele snoepie. ‘n Veelvoudige benadering soos die konsep van ‘n Gesondheidbevorderingskool word aanbeveel.

Trees, as threshold beings, effectively blur the line between the real world and fantastical alternate worlds, and destabilise traditional binary classification systems that distinguish humanity, and Culture, from Nature. Though the presence of trees is often peripheral to the main narrative action, their representation is necessary within the fantasy trope. Their consistent inclusion within fantasy texts of the twentieth century demonstrates an enduring arboreal legacy that cannot be disregarded in its contemporary relevance, whether they are represented individually or in collective forests. The purpose of my dissertation is to conduct a study of various prominent fantasy texts of the twentieth century, including the fantasy works of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Robert Holdstock, Diana Wynne Jones, Natalie Babbitt, and J.K. Rowling. In scrutinising these texts, and drawing on insights offered by liminal, ecocritical, ecofeminist, mythological and psychological theorists, I identify the primary function of trees within fantasy narratives as liminal: what Victor Turner identifies as a ‘betwixt and between’ state (1991:95) where binaries are suspended in favour of embracing potentiality. This liminality is constituted by three central dimensions: the ecological, the mythological, and the psychological. Each dimension informs the relationship between the arboreal as grounded in reality, and represented in fantasy. Trees, as literary and cinematic arboreal totems are positioned within fantasy narratives in such a way as to emphasise an underlying call to bio-conservatorship, to enable a connection to a larger scope of cultural expectation, and to act as a means through which human self-awareness is developed. / English Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (English)