The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the operational effects of U-turn movement at signalized intersections. More specifically, the research objectives include the following parts: To identify the factors affecting the operational performance of U-turning vehicles. In this case, we are particularly interested in the U-turn speeds of U-turning vehicles. To evaluate the impacts of U-turns on capacity of signalized intersections, and To simulate U-turn movement at signalized intersections using Synchro and validate the simulation results. To achieve the research objectives, extensive field data collection work was conducted at sixteen selected sites at Tampa Bay area of Florida. The data collected in the field include: U-turning speed Left turning speed Turning radius Queue discharge time Control delay Hourly traffic volume, and Percentage of U- turning vehicles in left turn lane. Based on the collected field data, a linear regression model was developed to identify the factors affecting the turning speeds of U-turning vehicles at signalized intersections. The model shows the turning speed is significantly impacted by the turning radius and the speed of U-turning vehicles increases with the increase of turning radius. On the basis of field data field data collection, a regression model was developed to estimate the relationship between the average queue discharge time for each turning vehicle and the various percentages of U-turning vehicles in the left turn traffic stream. Adjustment factors for various percentages of U-turning vehicles were also developed by using the regression model. The adjustment factors developed in this study can be directly used to estimate the capacity reduction due to the presence of various percentages of U-turning vehicles at a signalized intersection. The developed adjustment factors were used to improve the simulation of U-turn movement at signalized intersection by using Synchro. The simulation model was calibrated and validated by field data. It was found that using the developed adjustment factors will greatly improve the accuracy of the simulation results for U-turn movement.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de savoir si au delà d’une préférence linguistique et sociale pour leur langue natale et leurs usagers, les bébés de moins de 6 mois s’impliquent dans les rythmes et opportunités dialogiques des langues. Nous avons choisi d’étudier les comportements communicatifs du bébé âgé de 4-5 mois car cet âge représente une période charnière pour l’intégration de la compétence communicative. D’une part, le « turn-taking » est encore une forme prédominante d’interaction et d’autre part, les bébés de cet âge s’orientent encore principalement vers les partenaires sociaux plutôt qu’exclusivement vers les objets. Cette période est souvent considérée comme celle qui précède l’enculturation ou l’apprentissage culturel. Pourtant, dès 5 mois, le bébé se comporte différemment face à un interlocuteur de langue natale et de langue étrangère et face à un interlocuteur familier et nouveau. Cette thèse comporte 3 études visant à mieux comprendre l’engagement social du nourrisson dans des situations de communication réelle et habituelle et de communication potentielle. La première étude porte sur les différences dans l’organisation du turn-taking vocal entre les contextes français et brésilien. La seconde étude a pour objectif de mettre en lumière les différentes modalités que le bébé peut utiliser lors du turn-taking, au cours des pauses entre les énoncés maternels. Dans la 3ème étude, la seule étude expérimentale, nous avons cherché à savoir si un bébé français aurait des attentes différentes lorsqu’il était face à une interlocutrice parlant le français par rapport à une interlocutrice parlant une langue étrangère (brésilienne en l’occurrence). Dans son ensemble, cette thèse constitue également un plaidoyer pour une approche intégrative de la communication chez les bébés, s’éloignant d’une vision dualiste dans laquelle on sépare le corps de la pensée, le familier du nouveau et l’inné de l’acquis pour aller vers une vision plus holistique de l’humain. / The main objective of this thesis is to find out whether, beyond linguistic and social preferences for their native language and its users, infants younger than 6 months become involved with the rhythms and dialogical opportunities of speech. We chose to study the communicative behavior of infants aged 4 to 5 months because this constitutes a pivotal period for the integration of communicative competence. On the one hand, turn-taking is still a predominant type of organization in social interaction, and on the other hand, infants at this age are still more interested in social partners than in solitary object exploration. Furthermore, this period is usually thought to precede enculturation or the possibility of cultural learning. Yet, by 5 months, infants behave differently with a native language speaker than with a foreign language speaker and with a familiar person than with a stranger. This thesis includes 3 studies aimed at gaining insight into the social engagement of infants in situations of real and potential communication with social partners. The first study focuses on differences in vocal turn-taking organization between Brazilian and French cultural contexts. The second study’s aim is to shed light on the various expressive modalities infants use responsively in both cultural contexts during pauses between maternal utterances. In the third study, which is experimental, we wanted to know whether a French infant would have different expectations when faced with a French-speaking interlocutor compared with an interlocutor speaking a foreign language (Brazilian in this case). Overall, this thesis also makes a case for a more integrative approach to the study of infant communication, away from a dualist vision separating the body from thought, familiarity from novelty and innate from learned behavior and moving towards a more holistic perspective on humans beings.

<p>Important information on the bioactive conformation of biologically active peptides may be obtained by studies of rigid peptides or well-defined secondary structure mimetics incorporated into pseudopeptides. The structural requirements for the interaction of angiotensin II (Ang II, Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe) with its AT₁ and AT₂ receptors were the subject of this study.</p><p>The main objectives of this work were to synthesize secondary structure mimetics and incorporate these into Ang II. Ang II has been suggested to adopt a turn conformation around Tyr⁴ when interacting with its AT₁ receptor. Therefore, two <i>γ</i>- and one <i>β</i>-turn mimetic scaffolds based on the benzodiazepine structure were synthesized and decorated with side chains. The scaffolds replaced the turn region around Tyr⁴. Most of the pseudopeptides obtained after incorporation into Ang II exhibited high AT₂/AT₁ selectivity and nanomolar affinity to the AT₂ receptor. One pseudopeptide encompassing a <i>β</i>-turn mimetic also displayed AT₁ receptor affinity.</p><p>We hypothesized that the position of the guanidino group of the arginine residue and the N-terminal end, in relation to the tyrosine side chain, was critical for AT₂ receptor affinity. Conformational evaluation of the pseudopeptides revealed that in all the compounds with AT₂ receptor affinity the arginine side chain and the N-terminal end could reach common regions, not accessible to the inactive compound. It is proposed that Ang II has a more extended bioactive conformation when binding to the AT₂ receptor than when binding to the AT₁ receptor.</p><p>Furthermore, in a Gly scan of Ang II only replacement of the arginine residue reduced the affinity for the AT₂ receptor considerably. Some N-terminal modified Ang II analogues were also synthesized and it was concluded that truncated Ang II analogues interact with the AT₂ receptor differently than Ang II.</p><p>Three of the synthesized pseudopeptides were evaluated in AT₂ receptor functional assays and were found to act as agonists.</p>

Important information on the bioactive conformation of biologically active peptides may be obtained by studies of rigid peptides or well-defined secondary structure mimetics incorporated into pseudopeptides. The structural requirements for the interaction of angiotensin II (Ang II, Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe) with its AT1 and AT2 receptors were the subject of this study. The main objectives of this work were to synthesize secondary structure mimetics and incorporate these into Ang II. Ang II has been suggested to adopt a turn conformation around Tyr4 when interacting with its AT1 receptor. Therefore, two γ- and one β-turn mimetic scaffolds based on the benzodiazepine structure were synthesized and decorated with side chains. The scaffolds replaced the turn region around Tyr4. Most of the pseudopeptides obtained after incorporation into Ang II exhibited high AT2/AT1 selectivity and nanomolar affinity to the AT2 receptor. One pseudopeptide encompassing a β-turn mimetic also displayed AT1 receptor affinity. We hypothesized that the position of the guanidino group of the arginine residue and the N-terminal end, in relation to the tyrosine side chain, was critical for AT2 receptor affinity. Conformational evaluation of the pseudopeptides revealed that in all the compounds with AT2 receptor affinity the arginine side chain and the N-terminal end could reach common regions, not accessible to the inactive compound. It is proposed that Ang II has a more extended bioactive conformation when binding to the AT2 receptor than when binding to the AT1 receptor. Furthermore, in a Gly scan of Ang II only replacement of the arginine residue reduced the affinity for the AT2 receptor considerably. Some N-terminal modified Ang II analogues were also synthesized and it was concluded that truncated Ang II analogues interact with the AT2 receptor differently than Ang II. Three of the synthesized pseudopeptides were evaluated in AT2 receptor functional assays and were found to act as agonists.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera hur unga vuxna beskriver sin tro med särskilt fokus på beskrivningar av Gud och Jesus. De unga vuxna som jag vill undersöka är individer som är medlemmar i de kristna studentorganisationerna Credo och KRISS. I studien vill jag också undersöka huruvida det finns någon skillnad i hur och vad de unga vuxna från Credo och KRISS beskriver som viktigt för deras tro.  Men även hur de unga vuxna beskriver auktoriteten i förhållandet mellan människa – Gud. För att kunna få en förståelse av hur unga vuxna formar sin tro har jag använt mig av en bearbetning av Paul Heelas och Linda Woodheads (2005) teori om ”the subjective turn” och dess två perspektiv ”life–as religion” och ”subjective–life spirituality”. Bearbetningen utgår från hur de två perspektiven skulle kunna komma till uttryck i talet om tro. ”Life–as religion” beskriver en hållning där auktoriteten att bestämma vad som är rätt och riktigt ligger utanför mig själv. Denna auktoritet kan vara Gud, en grupp människor, den tradition individen tillhör m.m. Vem individen ska vara bestäms av någon annan, inte av individen själv. ”Subjective–life spirituality” beskriver istället en hållning där individen och det subjektiva står i centrum. Här bestämmer individen själv och utgår från hens erfarenheter i beslutet av vad som är rätt och riktigt och hur hen vill leva sitt liv. Det heliga finns här inom människan, inte utanför. Resultatet utgår från sju individuella intervjuer med unga människor (23-29 år) som var medlemmar i Credo eller KRISS. Tre av dessa var män och fyra av dessa var kvinnor. Intervjuerna var semistrukturerade men utgick mycket från den intervjuades egen berättelse. Som analysmetod har jag använt mig av kvalitativ innehållsanalys med utgångspunkt i teorin. För att fördjupa analysen har jag även lyft fram skillnader mellan mäns och kvinnors beskrivningar av tro. Det finns en rad slutsatser som man kan dra utifrån de intervjuer som jag analyserat. Gud beskrivs med ord som faller inom benämningen ”life-as religion”. Gud beskrivs som kärlek, förälder och far men också som något som är långt borta och dolt. Här finns det inga skillnader mellan Credo och KRISS eller mellan männen och kvinnorna. Jesus beskrivs bland annat som en kärleksfull, ödmjuk och rebellisk person. Han beskrivs som en brygga till Gud och som en förebild och inspiration för hur de unga ska eller kan leva. De unga från Credo trycker här på att han visar på hur de ska leva medan de unga från KRISS menar att han inspirerar individer till hur de kan leva. Förutom Gud och Jesus lyfter de unga gemenskap, gudstjänst, bön och Bibeln som viktiga för tron. Beskrivningarna av Bibeln visar på den största skillnaden mellan hur de unga från de två organisationerna väljer att beskriva sin tro. De unga vuxna från Credo beskriver Bibeln som Guds ord medan de unga från KRISS trycker på att Bibeln måste tolkas genom deras egna liv. Även beskrivningarna av auktoritet och relationen människa – Gud visar på skillnader mellan de unga vuxna i de två organisationerna. De unga vuxna från KRISS tycker att de själva har det största ansvaret för sin tro medan de unga vuxna i Credo beskriver att Gud har det största ansvaret för att deras tro är rätt och rimlig. Paul Heelas och Linda Woodheads (2005) teori om ”the subjective turn” och dess två perspektiv ”life–as religion” och ”subjective–life spirituality” har genom den bearbetade modellen bidragit till ytterligare ett sätt att förstå unga vuxnas beskrivningar av tro. Resultatet visar att den förståelse av tro som dominerar i de ungas beskrivningar går att finna i ”life–as religion”. / In a study conducted by the Swedish National Board of Youth Affairs from 2007 close to one out of two young people answered that they believe in a God or higher power. The study ”Religion as a resource?” (2012) shows that religion is still a resource in the life of many young people. The life- and self-understanding, that takes place in the life of young people, is in many ways independent of a church, institution and/or tradition, and any contact with religion primarily takes place in a secularized context. The young people that express that religion is an important part of their life are in minority, as are those who choose to engage in a Christian organization. KRISS and Credo, two Christian Swedish student associations are examples of such organizations. In this study I focus on KRISS and Credo by interviewing seven young adults from these organizations to see what shapes their faith.    The aim of this study is to examine how young adults relate to the traditional interpretations and expressions of faith within the Christian context they have chosen to engage in, especially how they describe God and Jesus, and if there are any differences between the two organizations.  To help in this understanding I have used Paul Heelas and Linda Woodheads theory about ”the subjective turn” and their two perspectives how people relate to religion and spirituality: ”life–as religion” and ”subjective–life spirituality” (Heelas &amp; Woodhead, 2005). A question in this study was if /how these theories can contribute to a deeper understanding of how young adults shape their faith?       The results show that although there are small tendencies toward ”subjective–life spirituality”, the descriptions given by the informants from KRISS and Credo are predominantly associated with ”life-as religion”. There are minor differences between the two organizations. However these are subtle and could be the expression of individual rather than organizational differences.

This thesis investigates human-robot interaction using an Interaction Analysis methodology. Posing the question how humans manage the interaction with a robot, the study focuses on humans and how they adapt to the robot’s limited conversational and interactional capabilities. As Conversation Analytic research suggests that humans always adjust their actions to a specific recipient, the author assumed to also find this in the interaction with an artificial communicative partner. For this purpose a conventional robot was programmed to play a charade game with human participants. The interaction of the humans with the robot was filmed and analysed within an interaction analytic framework. The study suggests that humans adapt their recipient design with their changing assumptions about the conversational partner. Starting off with different conversational expectations, participants adapt turn design (word selection, turn size, loudness and prosody) first and turn-taking in a second step. Adaptation to the robot is deployed as a means to accomplish a successful interaction. The detailed study of the human perspective in this interaction can yield conclusions for how robots could be improved to facilitate the interaction. As humans adjust to the interactional limitations with varying speed and ease, the limits to which adaptation is most difficult should be addressed first.

Music in general and recorded music in particular are rarely a priority for libraries’ digitization policies, although wax cylinders and 78rpm discs might be digitized for preservation and accessibility reasons. The respect of the original recording technique during the digitization process will ensure the scientific and artistic credibility of the digitized sources. The Royal Library of Belgium started in 2016 the digitization of its whole collection of 78rpm. Realized by subcontracting, this project of about 4,000 hours will constitute a large corpus of sources for the digital musicology upcoming needs. / Musikalien im Allgemeinen und Tonträger im Besonderen erhalten in bibliothekarischen Digitalisierungsstrategien häufig nur wenig Beachtung, obwohl gerade für Wachszylinder und Schellackplatten sowohl aus Gründen der Bestandserhaltung als auch zur Verbesserung der Zugänglichkeit ihre Digitalisierung dringend geboten wäre. Um bei der Retrodigitalisierung von historischen Tonaufnahmen künstlerisch und wissenschaftlich zuverlässige Ergebnisse zu erreichen, ist den originalen Aufnahmetechniken große Aufmerksamkeit zu schenken. Die Königliche Bibliothek Belgiens lässt seit 2016 ihre vollständige Sammlung an Schellackplatten digitalisieren. Mithilfe eines Dienstleisters werden ca. 4 000 Stunden Tonaufnahmen produziert, die für aufkommende Forschungsfragen der digitalen Musikwissenschaft einen gewichtigen Quellenkorpus darstellen.

Der einleitende Beitrag der Schwerpunktausgabe behandelt die Konjunkturen des Themas Religion und Architektur innerhalb der religionswissenschaftlichen Forschung der vergangenen Jahrzehnte. Ausgangspunkt ist die Beobachtung, dass Architektur in der religionswissenschaftlichen Fachgeschichte zwar immer wieder Gegenstand theoretischer Ansätze und methodischer Überlegungen war, aber bisher keine umfassende religionswissenschaftliche Methodologie zu diesem Gegenstand entwickelt worden ist und Architektur als solche nach wie vor als religionswissenschaftliche Quelle ein Desiderat darstellt. Vielmehr fungierte religiöse Architektur in den jüngsten Debatten zu raumoder migrationsbezogenen Themen als Blaupause. Religiöser Architektur wird zwar oftmals Bedeutung zugesprochen, z. B. als Kontaktzone oder in ihrer raumbildenden und strukturierenden Funktion, wie sie jedoch Bedeutung erzeugt, stellt nach wie vor eine zentrale Frage dar, die noch nicht hinreichend und religionswissenschaftlich vergleichend untersucht worden ist. An der Schnittstelle zwischen Material Turn und Spatial Turn gerät religiöse Architektur nun wieder zunehmend in den Fokus aktueller religionswissenschaftlicher, soziologischer, kunsthistorischer und architekturtheoretischer Forschungsvorhaben. Die Einleitung führt exemplarisch in ausgewählte Disziplinen ein, die zur Beschäftigung mit religiöser Architektur Anregungen bieten, und versteht sich als Anstoß, die religionswissenschaftliche Debatte zu diesem Gegenstand voran zu treiben. Die Schwerpunktausgabe führt entsprechend religionshistorische wie systematische Beiträge zusammen, die sich auf unterschiedliche Weise diesem breiten Gegenstand nähern.

Text in English, Tswana and siSwati / This dissertation examines the multiplicity of social positions within which African women in the postcolonial era find themselves. It focuses on how the dramatic dialogue depicts the positions of women in Zakes Mda’sThe Nun’s Romantic Story, And the Girls in their Sunday Dresses and You Fool, How can the Sky Fall. The study is intended to explore the dramatic dialogue in these plays and to show whether there is any evidence of change in women’s positions. It seeks to demonstrate the extent to which the positions of women have changed and also how the dramatic dialogue in the selected plays of Zakes Mda indicates the change in women’s positions. / Thutopatlisiso eno e tlhatlhoba maemo a loago a mantsintsi a basadi ba maAforika ba ba tshelang mo motlheng wa morago ga puso ya bokoloniale ba iphitlhelang ba le mo go ona. E tota ka moo puisano ya terama e bontshang maemo a basadi ka gona mo The Nun’s Romantic Story, And the Girls in their Sunday Dresses le You Fool, How can the Sky Fall tsa ga Zakes Mda. Maikaelelo a thutopatlisiso ke go sekaseka puisano ya terama mo metshamekong eno go bontsha gore a go na le bosupi bope jwa diphetogo mo maemong a basadi. E batla go bontsha ka moo maemo a basadi a fetogileng ka gona le ka moo puisano ya terama mo metshamekong e e tlhophilweng ya ga Zakes Mda e bontshang diphetogo mo maemong a basadi ka gona. / Ledisetheshini ihlolisisa tikhundlanyenti tetenhlalo bomake base-Afrika labatitfola bakuto ngemuva kwesikhatsi sembuso webukolonali (umbusobucalu). Igcile ekutsini inkhulumomphendvulwane emidlalweni yaZakes Mda itikhombisa kanjani letikhundla tabomake; i-The Nun’s Romantic Story [Indzaba yelutsandvo yemasisitela], ne-Girls in their Sunday Dresses [Emantfombatana etingutjeni tawo teLisontfo] ne-You Fool [Wena Silima], How can the Sky Fall [Singawa kanjani Sibhakabhaka]. Lolucwaningo lwentelwe kuhlolisisa inkhulumomphendvulwane kulemidlalo kanye nekukhombisa kutsi ingabe bukhona yini bufakazi bengucuko etikhundleni tabomake. Ifuna kukhombisa kutsi tikhundla tabomake tigucuke kangakanani kanye nekutsi inkhulumomphendvulwane emidlalweni lekhetsiwe yaZakes Mda ikukhombisa kanjani kugucuka kwetikhundla tabomake. / English Studies / M.A.(Theory of Literature)

Autour du deuxième mois, le bébé acquiert une nouvelle compétence vocale qui est associée à une capacité à s’engager dans des échanges vocaux caractérisés par une alternance entre les 2 partenaires. Cependant, l’émergence des compétences communicatives du bébé dans la période néonatale reste méconnue. Dans la présente recherche, nous souhaitons explorer la capacité de communication du nouveau-né, à travers l’étude de l’interaction vocale avec sa mère. Quinze mères et leur nouveau-né nés à terme ont été enregistrés à la maternité lors d’un moment d’interaction à 2 à 4 jours de vie. Les enregistrements ont été analysés selon 3 angles de vue : celui du discours de la mère, celui de l'organisation temporelle des vocalisations des 2 partenaires, et celui de la qualité des vocalisations du nouveau-né. Nos résultats suggèrent que la mère s’accorde à l’état d’éveil de son nouveau-né et le considère comme un partenaire à part entière dans l’échange. De plus, l'interaction vocale est composée de séquences de prise de tour reposant sur une participation vocale active du nouveau-né. Une fenêtre temporelle de 1 seconde semble être la fenêtre appropriée pour apprécier la contingence sociale dans la période néonatale. De même, la durée de la vocalisation semble être le paramètre sur lequel les mères se basent pour percevoir l’intention communicative dans les vocalisations du nouveau-né. L’état d’éveil 5 a un statut particulier dans la production de vocalisations du nouveau-né. Dans son ensemble, cette recherche suggère que le nouveau-né communique de manière intentionnelle, et que les états d’éveil jouent un rôle important dans la communication dans la période néonatale. / Around the second month of life, infants have the ability to partake in vocal interactions characterized by turn-taking sequences, where each partner takes turns. Little is known however, on the emergence of the ability to partake in social interaction in the neonatal period. In the present research, we wish to explore this ability by studying the vocal interaction between the mother and her newborn infant. Fifteen mothers and their newborns were recorded in a face-to-face interaction when the newborns were 2 to 4 days old. The recordings were analyzed from 3 different angles: the content of the mother’s speech addressed to her newborn, the temporal organization of the mother and newborn vocalizations, and the acoustic qualities of the newborn vocalizations. Our results suggest that the mothers attune the content of their speech to the newborns’ behavioral sates, and seem to consider their newborn as a partner in the interaction. Moreover, the vocal interaction is characterized by turn-taking sequences, which rely on the active vocal participation of the newborn. A 1-second window seems be the correct window to appreciate social contingency in the neonatal period. Furthermore, duration of the vocalization seems to be the feature upon which mothers rely to perceive communicative intent in the newborn non-cry vocalizations. Behavioral state 5 appears to have a particular status in the production of non-cry vocalizations. As a whole, this research suggests that the newborn communicates intentionally, and the behavioral states play in important role in communication during the neonatal period.