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Vínculos com a organização e o processo de saída voluntária: teste de um modelo explicativo em uma empresa de Tecnologia da Informação (TI)Scheible, Alba Couto Falcão 13 April 2011 (has links)
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Alba Couto.pdf: 1260314 bytes, checksum: 867078b385860e3e5e09a1ee4acd661d (MD5) / Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral a obtenção de um modelo matemático para descrever a relação entre vínculos com a organização e permanência (ou não saída) na mesma. Ampliando, desta forma, a compreensão dos fatores associados a intenções comportamentais em relação à organização, inclusive a decisão de saída voluntária dos empregados, com ênfase na identificação do peso que os vínculos com diferentes alvos do seu mundo de trabalho possuem neste processo decisório, e em como isso se articula com os modelos de gestão organizacional. Adicionalmente, buscou-se contribuir para discriminar os tipos de vínculos que o trabalhador desenvolve, identificando-se seus antecedentes e consequentes. Para tanto, foi testado empiricamente um modelo matemático construído a partir da revisão da literatura do campo. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma empresa de tecnologia da informação e contou com a participação de 307 trabalhadores, aos quais foi aplicado um questionário eletrônico contendo, na sua maioria, itens que integram escalas previamente validadas para o contexto brasileiro. Os resultados obtidos, assim como os fundamentos teóricos que os sustentam, encontram-se organizados em quatro estudos específicos. O primeiro estudo buscou entender quais as relações entre a percepção de práticas de gestão de pessoas com o comprometimento organizacional afetivo e o entrincheiramento na organização. Constatou-se que a percepção das práticas relaciona-se forte e positivamente com o comprometimento afetivo. O entrincheiramento também relaciona-se de forma positiva, mas muito fraca, e apenas com a dimensão comparativa da percepção das práticas. Desta forma, as práticas se configuraram como antecedentes de ambos os vínculos o que se coaduna com a teoria dos construtos estudados. Práticas voltadas para Capacitação e Desenvolvimento, assim como Estabilidade revelaram melhor ajuste em relação aos resultados esperados das práticas na organização estudada, pois influenciam fo comprometimento, sem potencializar o entrincheiramento. O segundo estudo apresenta uma análise das relações entre os comprometimentos com diversos focos (trabalho em si, grupo, liderança, carreira, e organização), e destes com a intenção de permanecer na organização. Constatou-se que os comprometimentos com a organização, com o trabalho em si e, com a liderança são preditores da intenção de permanecer. Os resultados obtidos atestam que o comprometimento com o trabalho influencia outras formas de comprometimento. O comprometimento com o grupo se revelou à parte dos demais, pois não foram encontradas relações de causalidade entre ele e os outros comprometimentos. O terceiro estudo analisou comparativamente a relação do comprometimento afetivo com a organização e do entrincheiramento organizacional com intenções de comportamentos em relação à organização, buscando-se evidências adicionais de validade discriminante entre estes dois construtos. Constatou-se que o comprometimento afetivo com a organização relaciona-se de forma positiva e relevante com as intenções estudadas, enquanto o entrincheiramento somente obteve relação significativa com a intenção de defesa. O detalhamento por dimensões do entrincheiramento, no entanto, revela relações de natureza negativa entre a dimensão Ajustamentos de Posição Social com as duas outras das intenções estudadas (permanecer na organização e exercer esforço extra). A dimensão Limitação de Alternativas, ao contrário, revela relação positiva (mas fraca) com a intenção de permanecer. Foram identificados, ainda, perfis dos vínculos estudados (padrões de combinação de diferentes níveis de comprometimento e entrincheiramento) e o resultado de suas relações com conseqüentes e antecedentes se coadunou com aqueles encontrados na literatura atual do campo. Os resultados fortalecem a conceitualização de que o entrincheiramento é um construto diferente do comprometimento afetivo organizacional. O quarto e último estudo tem o seu foco na relação entre o comprometimento afetivo e o entrincheiramento organizacionais e a saída da organização à luz de percepções dos indivíduos sobre suas alternativas de recolocação no mercado. Para tal, é proposto e testado um modelo de processo de saída voluntária da organização. Constatou-se que o comprometimento afetivo com a organização relaciona-se de forma positiva e relevante com a intenção de permanecer, enquanto o entrincheiramento não apresentou relação com a mesma. Ambos os construtos apresentaram relações negativas com a saída voluntária efetiva e configuraram-se como seus preditores. Ao contrário de estudos anteriores, a intenção de permanecer (ou não sair) não se configurou como preditora da saída voluntária. O conjunto de estudos faz avançar a compreensão dos elos que ligam os vínculos do trabalhador e as suas decisões em relação à organização, tema clássico da área de Comportamento Organizacional.
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Mudança estrutural no setor supermercadista brasileiro / Structural change in the brazilian supermarket sectorConcha Amín, Mônica 05 August 2003 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2003-08-05 / O padrão de crescimento do setor supermercadista tem acompanhado as tendências de globalização econômica. Há evidências de aumento de concentração de mercado, logo após a implantação do Plano real, em 1994 e maior entrada de redes supermercadistas estrangeiras. Diante desse cenário, a questão essencial que se coloca, é como as mudanças na organização estrutural do setor estão afetando a sociedade como um todo. Este trabalho analisa a estrutura do segmento supermercados, no Brasil, desde o ano 1991 até 2002. Constatou-se que houve crescimento da concentração, impulsionado pela entrada de redes supermercadistas estrangeiras e por expressivo processo de fusões e aquisições, nos últimos anos da década de 1990. No tocante aos efeitos da concentração do mercado, o elevado turnover entre os supermercados menores e a rivalidade entre as maiores redes supermercadistas, disputando parcelas de mercado, pode estar dificultando o exercício de poder de monopólio por meio de preços mais altos ao consumidor. No entanto, em mercados em que a concentração é maior, e a rivalidade é menor, os preços pagos pelos consumidores tendem a ser maiores, o que gera preocupações em relação ao futuro, caso a tendência de concentração se aprofunde. Por outro lado, o uso de poder monopsônico, particularmente por meio de estratégias extra-preço, tal como, a transferência de custos aos fornecedores, parece estar presente de forma mais generalizada. / The growth pattern of Brazilian supermarkets has followed the trends of economic globalizations. There are some evidences of increasing market concentration just after the launching of the Real Plan, in 1994, and of arrivals of major foreign retailers. In such scenarios, a major question is how the structural changes have affected the Brazilian society as a whole. This research analyzes the Brazilian supermarket sector from 1991 to 2002. It was verified that the increase in market concentration was caused by foreign investment and by an increase in mergers and acquisitions in the end of the decade of 1990. Regarding the effects of market concentration, the analysis shows that high level of turnovers among the smaller supermarkets plus strong rivalry among the larger supermarkets, which fight for market share in the major regional markets, may have precluded the use of market power against consumers. However, consumer prices tend to be higher in the regional markets where market concentration is higher and where rivalry is not so strong. This fact arises some concerns on the future use of market power whether the concentrations process continues. On the other hand, the use of monopsony power seems to be widespread, especially by means of extra-price strategies such as the transference of costs from supermarkets to their suppliers. / Dissertação importada do Alexandria
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Examining the Effects of Mindfulness on the Relationships between Citizenship Pressure, Job Stress, and Turnover Intentions within Healthcare: A Moderated Mediation ModelGilson, Nicole Louise 01 August 2017 (has links)
Due to its negative relation with turnover and the associated costs, job stress is a growing concern within the healthcare industry. By surveying 461 employees of a large Midwestern healthcare system, the present study evaluated perceptions of citizenship pressure (perceived pressure to engage in extra-role job duties) and examined its relationship with job stress and turnover intentions. The sample consisted of direct and indirect patient care providers and was predominately White, females who worked full-time. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that job stress partially mediates the direct relationship between citizenship pressure and turnover intentions. Specifically, healthcare workers experience job stress and desire leaving positions that make them feel that simply fulfilling their formally prescribed job duties is not enough to be seen as a good employee. Drawing from the theoretical model of psychological resilience, the current study also examined whether employees’ level of trait mindfulness (tendency to focus on experiences without judgment) moderates the identified mediation. Findings from a first- and second-stage moderated mediation analysis suggested that trait mindfulness does not buffer the negative outcomes (i.e., job stress, turnover intentions) associated with citizenship pressure within the healthcare industry. Despite the non-significant results related to mindfulness, significant negative relationships were found between trait mindfulness and each key construct (i.e., citizenship pressure, job stress, turnover intentions). Such findings demonstrate the potential relevance of trait mindfulness in promoting employee resilience within the workplace. Results also contribute to the citizenship pressure literature and highlight the need for additional research, especially within the healthcare industry.
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Emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, work engagement and turnover intentions of employees in selected South African organisationsChauvet, Ian 02 1900 (has links)
The retention of skilled employees is crucial for the success of South African organisations.
An understanding of the influence and relationships of employees’ emotional intelligence, job
satisfaction and work engagement on employee turnover intention is necessary. The aim of
the study was to explore the relationships between emotional intelligence, job satisfaction,
work engagement and turnover intentions of employees in selected organisations.
The authors’ applied a cross-sectional survey design. Convenient samples of employees were
drawn from five volunteering organisations in the Durban area of South Africa (N = 274) so
as to ensure a sample size in excess of 200 for the purposes of applying structured equation
modelling. The organisations included two private higher education institutions, a
management consulting/outsourcing company, an information technology company and a
packaging company. They administered the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Job
Satisfaction Scale, The Work Engagement Scale and the Turnover Intention Scale.
The effect of emotional intelligence upon the job satisfaction and work engagement of
employees in explaining their turnover intention could not be established. Emotional
intelligence was found to have a significant effect on the work engagement of employees but
not job satisfaction. Job satisfaction had a significant effect on the turnover intention of
employees. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)
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Investment Style and Performance Attribution Analysis on Chinese A Share MarketJanuary 2016 (has links)
abstract: With the fast development of Chinese capital market, an increasing number of institutions and retail investors invest through professional managers. The key to evaluating investment manager’s skill and performance persistence largely lies in portfolio style research and attribution analysis.
The current dissertation takes advantage of a unique dataset, uncover hidden investment style and trading behavior, understanding their source of excess returns, and establishing a more comprehensive methodology for evaluating portfolio performance and manager skills.
The dissertation focuses on quantitative analysis. Highlights three most important aspects. Investment style determines the systematic returns and risks of any portfolio, and can be assessed ex-ante; Transaction can be observed and modified during the investment process; and return attribution can be implemented to evaluate portfolio (managers), ex-post. Hence, these three elements make up a comprehensive and logical investment process.
Investment style is probably the most important factor in determining portfolio returns. However, Chinese investment managers are under constant pressure to follow the market trend and shift style accordingly. Therefore, accurately identifying and predicting each manager’s investment style proves critically valuable.
In addition, transaction data probably provides the most reliable source of information in observing and evaluating an investment manager’s style and strategy, in the middle of the investment process.
Despite the efficacy of traditional return attribution methodology, there are clear limitations. The current study proposes a novel return attribution methodology, by synthesizing major portfolio strategy components, such as risk exposure adjustment, sector rotation, stock selection, altogether. Our novel methodology reveals that investment managers do not obtain much abnormal returns through risk exposure adjustment or sector rotation. Instead, Chinese investment managers seem to enjoy most of their excess returns through stock selection.
In addition, we find several interesting patterns in Chinese A-share market: 1). There is a negative relationship between asset under management (AUM) and investment performance, beyond certain AUM threshold; 2). There are limited benefits from style switching in the long run; 3). Many investment managers use CSI 300 component stocks as portfolio ballast and speculate with CSI500 and Medium-and-Small board component stocks for excess returns; 4). There is no systematic negative relationship between portfolio turnover and investment performance; despite negative relationship within certain sub-samples and sectors; 5). It is plausible to construct out-performing portfolios with style index funds and ETFs. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2016
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Důvody fluktuace sester z nemocnic / The reasons for Turnover of Nurses Working in HospitalBÁRTOVÁ, Marie January 2010 (has links)
In my diploma thesis I deal with the reasons for turnover of nurses working in hospitals. Health care workers turnover is a topical issue. It is therefore desirable to pay attention to this issue, to focus on identification of its causes and explore the motivations that lead nurses to leave their jobs. Only when we know the causes, it is possible to start fighting against turnover and to introduce measures for its reduction. The aim of the thesis was to identify causes of turnover of nurses in selected hospitals of the South Bohemian region, to survey the current state of turnover of nurses in selected hospitals of the South Bohemian region, and to identify measures imposed by the management in selected hospitals of the South Bohemian region to affect the excessive turnover of nurses. The goals of the thesis were met. Based on interviews conducted with nurses who had left their workplaces, hypotheses of this thesis were stated. These are the following hypotheses: H: 1 One of the main causes of nurse turnover is the psychically demanding job, H: 2 One of the main causes of nurse turnover is the physically demanding work of nurses, H: 3 Nurses change jobs due to problematic interpersonal relationships, H: 4 Nurses change jobs because of increasing demands for nursing competencies, H: 5 Younger nurses change jobs more frequently than older nurses, H: 6 Younger nurses change jobs because they cannot ensure care for their children when pursuing their profession, H: 7 Nurse turnover rates are uniform over all departments in selected hospitals in the South Bohemian region, and H: 8 Management of selected hospitals in the South Bohemian region implements measures to affect the excessive turnover of nurses. To verify the established hypotheses, quantitative research through a questionnaire survey was conducted in selected hospitals in the South Bohemian region. Furthermore, the interviews with the Deputy Director of Nursing in individual hospitals of the South Bohemian region were carried out. The research outcomes show that hypothesis H: 1 One of the main causes of nurse turnover is the psychically demanding job, H: 2 One of the main causes of turnover of nurse is the physically demanding work of nurses, H: 3 Nurses change jobs due to problematic interpersonal relationships, H: 5 Younger nurses change jobs more frequently than older nurses, and H: 7 Nurse turnover rates are uniform over all departments in selected hospitals in South Bohemian region, were confirmed. However, the research survey proved that H 4: Nurses change jobs because of increasing demands for nursing competencies, and H: 6 Younger nurses change jobs because they cannot ensure care for their children when pursuing their profession, cannot be uniquely confirmed. Hypothesis H: 8 Management of selected hospitals in the South Bohemian region implements measures to affect the excessive turnover of nurses was disproved by my research.
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Estar e permanecer : problemática do absenteísmo e rotatividade em uma empresa de tratamento de sementes de Primavera do Leste - MT / Being and staying : the problem of absenteeism and turnover in a seeds treatment unit of Primavera do Leste - MTRhoden, Deisi de Oliveira January 2014 (has links)
Essa dissertação apresenta uma análise dos temas de absenteísmo e rotatividade em uma Unidade de Tratamento de Sementes, de uma empresa multinacional, localizada em Primavera do Leste – MT. A pesquisa desenvolvida para a análise percorreu duas fases: na primeira fase foi conduzido um diagnóstico com base em pesquisa documental, entrevistas com os gestores da empresa e uma análise da literatura. O resultado desta fase foi a identificação de 13 Hipóteses sobre as possíveis causas segundo as fontes levantadas na etapa anterior. As Hipóteses foram verificadas por meio de dados históricos existentes na empresa e por uma pesquisa com dados primários coletados no estudo de caso. A partir dos resultados da primeira fase, conduziu-se uma pesquisa quantitativa junto aos funcionários da empresa para atestar sobre possíveis causas do absenteísmo e rotatividade. Os resultados para o absenteísmo empresarial apontam valores altos (4%) relativos aos índices considerados ideais pelo mercado nacional e internacional (2,5%) e, é mais predominante entre funcionários do sexo feminimo e indivíduos efetivos. Cada hipótese identificada na primeira fase foi testada a partir da pesquisa realizada e algumas conclusões puderam ser tecidas. O absenteismo é, principalmente, estimulado pela necessidade de cuidado com os filhos, oportunidades de emprego ou de aumento salarial. A rotatividade da empresa tem como causa o tipo de contrato por prazo determinado, a busca de empregos estáveis e melhores salários. O pacote de benefícios não se mostrou ineficiente para reduzir o absenteísmo mas, eficiente para a intenção de permanecer. Como diretrizes recomenda-se o alinhamento da estratégia organizacional às atividades táticas e operacionais e que se estabeleçam indicadores de desempenho para medir a efetividade do plano de benefícios. Destaca-se ainda, mais atenção em programas igualitários do trabalhador, reconhecimento pelo bom desempenho, possibilidade de crescimento profissional oportunizando a todos os empregados a participação em projetos de maior escopo produtivo e estreitamento do setor jurídico ao setor administrativo. / This thesis presents an analysis of the issues of absenteeism and turnover in a seeds treatment unit of a multinational company located in Primavera do Leste - MT. The research developed for the analysis had two phases: on the first phase we conducted a diagnosis based on file research, interviews with company managers and a review of literature. The result of this phase was the identification of 13 hypotheses about the possible causes raised according to sources in the previous step. The hypotheses have been verified by existing historical data in the company and a survey of primary data among the staff. From the results of the first phase, we conducted a quantitative survey of company employees to testify on possible causes of absenteeism and turnover. The results of corporate absenteeism indicate high values ( 4 % ) for the indices considered ideal in domestic and international markets ( 2.5 % ), and it is more prevalent among female employees and effective individuals. Each hypothesis identified in the first phase was tested from the survey and some conclusions could be taken. Absenteeism is mainly driven by the need for child care, job opportunities or salary increase. The turnover of the company is caused by the type of contract for a definite term, and the search for stable jobs and better wages. The benefits package was not efficient to absenteeism and turnover. As guidelines we recommend the alignment of organizational strategy to tactics and operational activities, and the establishment of performance indicators to measure the effectiveness of the benefit plan. What stands out even more is attention on egalitarian worker programs, recognition for good performance, possibility of professional growth providing opportunities for all employees to participate in projects of greater scope and productive connection of the legal and the administrative sector.
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Avaliação do metabolismo protéico em idosos brasileiros independentes utilizando a glicina marcada com 15N / Protein Metabolism in Brazilian healthy elderly using glycine labeled with 15NKarina Pfrimer 22 February 2006 (has links)
O metabolismo protéico em idosos, analisado pela medida da velocidade de reciclagem, é um importante fator para a análise da manutenção da massa muscular e das atividades de vida diária. Dados coletados em idosos apontam uma redução da síntese protéica com o envelhecimento. Outros relatam ser esta mantida e a degradação aumentada. Esta investigação teve por objetivo avaliar o metabolismo protéico de idosos saudáveis e independentes utilizando a glicina, marcada com o isótopo 15N. Sete idosos saudáveis foram estudados.Foram feitas avaliações clínica, nutricional e bioquímica em todos os voluntários, sendo excluídos aqueles portadores de doenças ou usuários de medicamentos que interferissem no metabolismo protéico. Foi oferecida uma dose oral de 200 mg de 15N-Glicina e coletadas amostras de sangue e urina (basal, antes do consumo da glicina, quatro horas e meia e nove horas após a ingestão da glicina). Foram quantificados amônia, uréia e nitrogênio total e as amostras analisadas por espectrometria de massa, para a determinação do enriquecimento isotópico (15N). Os voluntários tinham 65,4 ± 2,8 anos (média ± desvio padrão), quatro mulheres e três homens, com IMC de 22,73 ± 2,4 Kg/m2. Total de nitrogênio excretado de 3,31 ± 0,7 gN/9horas e a ingestão de 7,76 ± 1,0 gN/9horas, o fluxo de nitrogênio 15 foi de 30,36 ± 6,3 gN/9horas, o balanço nitrogenado de 4,46 ± 1,0 g/N. Os valores encontrados nesta pesquisa foram similares aos da literatura para idosos e menores que os referidos para jovens. Este estudo estabeleceu os valores do metabolismo protéico em idosos saudáveis, ingerindo alimentação típica (arroz e carne moída), o que permitirá posteriores estudos de intervenção. / Protein metabolism in the elderly, analyzed though the protein turnover rate, is of great importance to muscle trophysm and maintenance of activities of daily living. Some studies in the elderly have shown a reduction of protein synthesis with aging, while others found that it is maintained and degradation increased. Methods using stable isotopes are of great relevance in the research of protein metabolism, being non-invasive and safe. This investigation aimed to study protein turnover in healthy independent elderly through the method of glycine labeled with 15N. Seven healthy elderly persons were studied. All volunteers were assessed by clinic, nutritional and biochemical evaluation, with the exclusion of diseases and medications that could affect protein metabolism. A 200 mg oral dose of 15N-Glycine was administered and urine and blood samples were collected (basal sample before isotope intake, four hours after isotope intake and the last sample after 9 hours). Ammonium, urea and total nitrogen were quantified and analyzed by mass spectrometry, with the determination of isotope enrichment (15N). Volunteers were aged 65.4 ± 2.8 years (mean ± SE), four women and three men, with BMI 22.73 ± 2.4 Kg/m2. Total nitrogen output was 3.31 ± 0.7 gN/9hours and intake 7.76 ± 1.0 g/N; 15N nitrogen flux was 30.36 ± 6.3 gN/9hours, so the nitrogen balance was 4.46 ± 1.0 g/N. These findings were similar to those of others studies with old persons in the literature and lower than those for younger persons. This research established the values of protein metabolism in healthy old persons during the ingestion of typical food (rice and meat) and will allow the development of further intervention studies.
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A study of job stress, job satisfaction and turnover intentions among employees of the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature in BishoTom, Zoliswa Mavis January 2015 (has links)
According to Greenberg (2011) stress is an inevitable fact of organizational life today, and has an effect on both the employer and employee. The main aim of this study was on finding out the effect of job stress on job satisfaction and employee turnover in the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature department. This study was conducted employing logical positivism as the philosophical paradigm; and this logical positivism derives from only two sources of knowledge which are logical reasoning and empirical experience. The researcher employed a non-experimental exploratory quantitative approach, employing the questionnaire as a data collection instrument. A sample size of 238 participants was used to collect data. Data analysis was done using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multi regressions. Job stress was found to have substantial influence to increase turnover intentions and to decrease job satisfaction. In addition, job stress and job satisfaction combine to have a collective influence on turnover intentions. The study recommends managers to implement motivational strategies to enhance job satisfaction and retain employees as long as possible.
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Sjuksköterskans aspekter av kompetensutveckling och dess inverkan på frivilliga arbetsplatsbyten : En litteraturstudie. / The nurse’s dimensions of competence development and its influence on voluntary change of workplace : A litterature review.Backman, Sanna, Olausson, Nicole January 2018 (has links)
Introduktion: Kompetensutveckling är en grundläggande del i sjuksköterskans yrkesutövning och en ständigt pågående process för sjuksköterskan. Med hänsyn till den pågående personalomsättningen uppstår frågan huruvida sjuksköterskans kompetensutveckling tillgodoses. Syfte: Litteraturstudiens syfte var att undersöka sjuksköterskans aspekter av kompetensutveckling och dess inverkan på frivilliga arbetsplatsbyten inom slutenvården. Metod: Inhämtning och granskning av data har genomförts utifrån Polit och Becks (2017) nio steg i processarbetet. Litteratursökningar i CINAHL och PsycInfo resulterade i 13 artiklar. Kvalitetsgranskningen gjordes enligt Forsberg och Wengströms (2016) granskningsmodell. Resultat: Utifrån den insamlade data utarbetades 3 aspekter av sjuksköterskans kompetensutveckling som innefattar Att växa som sjuksköterska som även inkluderar Olika stadier i karriären och Ålderns betydelse, Att ha förutsättningar som även inkluderar Arbetsförhållanden och Kollegor och chefer samt Att få bekräftelse som även inkluderar Organisationens engagemang och Motivation. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskans kompetensutveckling är en fortlöpande process, något som är anknutet till stadie i karriären, ålder, bekräftelse och förutsättningar i närmiljön. Dessa har betydelse för huruvida sjuksköterskan väljer att byta arbetsplats eller inte.
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