Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-07-28T11:28:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LÍCIA DE FÁTIMA CORREIA DA SILVA SOUZA.pdf: 964580 bytes, checksum: 16557e09f9d21d77efcd4d3b2a8e8d13 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T11:28:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LÍCIA DE FÁTIMA CORREIA DA SILVA SOUZA.pdf: 964580 bytes, checksum: 16557e09f9d21d77efcd4d3b2a8e8d13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-28 / This study was developed with the initial objective to coordinate and grasp linguistic knowledge on the theories that deal with the question of genres, relating them with text production on teaching and aiming in the long run, as a Portuguese teacher, the application of the theories in high school classes. The motivation of this bibliographic study was centered on the idea that is necessary that Portuguese teachers should have access to and understand scientific information, particularly, in this study, the characteristics of a opinion text as developed in text production classes, in public as in private schools. The study was based on the works of Bakhtin (1997, 2012), Marcuschi (2002), Koch (2010), Köche (2010), Bronckart (2009), and Dolz and Schneuwly (1996). Based on these authors it led to the conclusion from a text design as speech and specially the distinction that exists between genre and the type of text, the application of these theories in classroom, that is, the systematic experience of such knowledge may causes students to produce more functional texts, considering the characteristics of each text typology; the grouping of genres as their predominant types; the analyses of linguistic structures as the content, the compositional construction, the communicative purpose, the relationship established between the typology and grammatical structures. / Estudo desenvolvido com o objetivo inicial de articular e apreender conhecimentos linguísticos acerca das teorias que versam sobre a questão dos gêneros textuais, relacionando-os com o ensino de produção de texto e visando, a longo prazo, na condição de professora de Língua Portuguesa, a uma aplicação posterior dessas teorias, em salas de aula do Ensino Médio. A motivação deste estudo de caráter bibliográfico esteve centrada na ideia de que se faz necessário que os professores de Língua Portuguesa tenham acesso e compreendam as informações científicas, particularmente, no caso deste estudo, as características de um texto de opinião, tão desenvolvido nas aulas de produção textual, tanto em escolas públicas quanto em escolas privadas. Para tanto, foram utilizadas informações teórico-científicas contempladas em estudos de Bakhtin (1997, 2012), Marcuschi (2002), Koch (2010), Köche (2010), Bronckart (2009) e Dolz, J. & Schneuwly (1996), com Werlich (entre outros). O acesso às ideias veiculadas por esses estudiosos permitiu concluir, a partir de uma concepção de texto como discurso e, principalmente, da distinção que há entre gênero textual e tipo de texto que a aplicação dessas teorias em sala de aula, ou seja, a vivência sistemática desses conhecimentos poderá fazer com que os estudantes produzam textos mais funcionais, considerando: as características da cada tipologia textual; o agrupamento de gêneros textuais conforme suas tipologias predominantes; a análise das estruturas linguísticas conforme o conteúdo, a construção composicional, o propósito comunicativo a relação estabelecida entre as tipologias e as estruturas gramaticais.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal a proposição de modelos ampliados para a satisfação de clientes de serviços, através da identificação de relações entre determinantes da satisfação, e da inclusão dos principais atributos e dimensões que afetam a qualidade percebida dos clientes, para vários segmentos de serviços. Para isto, o trabalho se propõe: (i) propor uma abordagem alternativa ao uso de equações estruturais para a modelagem das relações entre determinantes da satisfação de clientes em serviços; (ii) estabelecer métodos para identificar e hierarquizar atributos de qualidade percebida em serviços; (iii) propor dimensões de qualidade percebida em serviços a partir dos atributos que afetam a percepção de qualidade dos clientes e (iv) identificar relações entre determinantes da satisfação e atributos de qualidade percebida para vários tipos de serviços. Uma das principais contribuições desta teses é a proposição de uma sistemática alternativa ao uso de equações estruturais para identificar as relações entre determinantes da satisfação do cliente, seguindo procedimentos mais simples, utilizando múltiplas variáveis e sem o requerimento de amostras extensas. Além disso, os modelos ampliados para a satisfação dos consumidores de serviços podem servir de ferramenta para auxiliar profissionais das empresas de serviços a focar seus esforços e direcionar políticas estratégicas para atributos importantes para os clientes, que afetam diretamente a sua percepção de qualidade e satisfação. As características diferenciadoras dos serviços são consideradas nos modelos ampliados propostos para a satisfação de clientes, uma vez que são avaliados serviços de diferentes tipologias (no que tange a grau de tangibilidade e grau de contato e de envolvimento do cliente). / This study's main objective is to propose expanded models for customer satisfaction in services through the identification of relationships among determinants of satisfaction, and the inclusion of key attributes and dimensions that affect the perceived quality of customers for various segments of services. For this, the study intends: (i) to propose an alternative approach to structural equation for modeling the relationships among determinants of customer satisfaction in services, (ii) to explore methods to identify and rank attributes of perceived service quality; (iii) to propose dimensions of perceived quality in services considering the attributes that affect customers quality perception, and (iv) to identify relationships among determinants of satisfaction and perceived quality attributes for various types of services. One of the main contributions of this thesis is to propose a systematic alternative to the use of structural equations for identifying relationships among determinants of customer satisfaction by following simple procedures, using multiple variables and without the requirement of extensive samples. In addition, the expanded models for consumer satisfaction in services may be a useful tool for service companies to focus their efforts and direct strategic policies considering the attributes important for customers, which directly affect their perception of quality and satisfaction. The distinguishing characteristics of services are considered in the proposed expanded models for customer satisfaction, since different types of services (concerning to degree of tangibility, degree of customer contact and involvement of the client) were evaluated.

Este trabalho é voltado ao estudo das novas nuances da subordinação no contrato de trabalho, diante das transformações no modo de produção em razão da globalização e do advento de novas tecnologias. Para justificar a pertinência do estudo, demonstra-se a equivalência entre a livre iniciativa e o valor social do trabalho, de modo que a economia e o trabalho devam caminhar juntos, evitando-se desequilíbrios no sistema. Diante disso, faz-se necessário abordar a evolução histórica do subordinação dentro do direito do trabalho, bem como as definições do trabalho subordinado e os critérios empregados pela jurisprudência, diante das lacunas da lei. Consolidado o estudo da subordinação, procede-se à análise dos fatores externos que levaram as modificações no mundo do trabalho, como a recessão econômica da década de 70, os processos de globalização e a consequente automação dos modos de produção. Tais fatores levaram à criação de novas formas de prestação de serviço, que não se adequam ao padrão do trabalho subordinado, mas, ao mesmo tempo, não podem ser consideradas como autônomas, em sua integralidade. Assim, gera-se uma evasão social de trabalhadores marginalizados da proteção adequada, já que não se encaixam ao modelo praticado pelo direito do trabalho, dividido entre trabalho subordinado e autônomo. Nesse cenário, apresentam-se propostas da doutrina e jurisprudência para solucionar o problema e adequar os critérios de subordinação à realidade do trabalho. / This dissertation aims to study the new forms of subordinations in labour contract, due to the transformation in the way of production after globalization and the introduction of new technologies. In order to justify the importance of the study, it demonstrates the equivalence between free enterprise and the social value of work, so that economy and work shall walk together, avoiding disturbance at the system. Furthermore, it is necessary to refer to the historical evolution of subordination into labour law, as well as the definition of subordinate work and the criteria used by jurisprudence, considering the lack of law. Once established the study of subordination, it will proceed to the analysis of external factors that provoked modification in work, as the 70s economical recession, globalization process and automation of the ways of production. These factors conducted to the creation of new forms of services, which are not adjusted to subordinate work pattern, but at the same time, cannot be considered as full self-employed. Indeed, it generates a social evasion of employees, marginalised form correct protection, as they do not fit to the model practised by labour law, which is divided between subordinated work and self-employed. Finally, it presents proposals from doctrine and jurisprudence in order to give a solution to the problem, and adequate the subordination criteria to work reality.

A dissertação propõe-se a analisar as tipologias arquitetônicas e os padrões de implantação de edifícios destinados à produção de louças de pó-de-pedra para uso doméstico (faianças e porcelanas). Foram selecionadas para estudo dez unidades fabris construídas entre 1913 e 1940 na cidade de São Paulo e nos atuais municípios de Mauá e São Caetano do Sul. A discussão proposta vincula-se ao tema do patrimônio industrial e pretende contribuir para o reconhecimento, análise e preservação de remanescentes da arquitetura industrial paulista, bem como, ao problematizar as questões metodológicas surgidas, visa estimular trabalhos análogos para outros ramos industriais. Tem como objetivo a elaboração de um inventário retrospectivo das referidas fábricas muitas delas já desativadas , utilizando-se a documentação levantada que é composta de iconografia, publicações e estatísticas sobre a indústria, depoimentos, cartografia e, ainda, de referências aos projetos dos edifícios fabris, às técnicas construtivas empregadas em sua execução e à especialização dos ambientes produtivos, atentos às relações possíveis entre estes e suas respectivas fontes de energia e matérias-primas e estruturas auxiliares. As análises resultantes contemplaram a multiplicidade dos temas surgidos metodologia da História, tipologias arquitetônicas, técnicas construtivas tradicionais e arqueologia industrial , cotejando a bibliografia pertinente e sugerindo diretrizes para o trato com a diversidade das fontes documentais e seu uso em estudos histórico-tipológicos com vistas à preservação do patrimônio industrial. / This dissertation intends to analyse architectural typologies of the implementation patterns of buildings meant to the production of stoneware pottery for home use (faience and porcelain). Ten factory units built between years 1913 and 1940 in the city of São Paulo and in the municipal districts known at present as Mauá and São Caetano do Sul were selected for study. The proposed discussion relates to the theme of industrial heritage; it is intended to contribute for acknowledgement, analysis and preservation of the remains of São Paulo State´s industrial architecture as well as it intends to estimulate analogous paperworks on other industrial fields by problematizing methodological issues arisen. Its objective is the elaboration of a retrospective inventory of these factories many of which are now inactive using the assembled documentation comprising iconography, publications and statistics about the factory, statements, cartography, as well as references to the factory buildings projects, to the construction tecniques used and to the specialization of the production environments, attentive to the possible relations between them and their respective energy and raw materials sources, and auxiliary structures. The resulting analyses contemplate the multiplicity of themes arisen History methodology, architectural typologies, traditional construction techniques, and industrial archaeology collating pertinent bibliography and suggesting lines of direction to deal with the diversity of documental sources and its use in historical-typological studies aiming industrial heritage preservation.

Le secteur des logements présente un potentiel non négligeable d'économies d'énergie surtout au niveau du chauffage qui constitue une part importante des factures énergétiques en France. Notre travail s'inscrit dans l'optique de réduction des consommations énergétiques des logements en étudiant le transfert thermique dans les parois opaques du bâti ancien et en étudiant différentes configurations et différents types d'isolants thermiques. Après une analyse du contexte et des enjeux de la problématique énergétique des bâtiments anciens, nous avons abordé une analyse typologique des maisons anciennes lilloises en identifiant les quatre familles principales de typologies : la maison de courée, la maison ouvrière, la maison de ville et la maison bourgeoise ; en identifiant ainsi leurs ressemblances et leur variantes. Ensuite, nous avons étudié en détails le transfert thermique dans un mur en brique caractéristique de la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais; une étude expérimentale a été comparée à diverses approches théoriques en divers régimes (régime permanent, régime harmonique et régime quelconque). Après l'étude du mur dans son état initial (avant isolation), nous avons caractérisé expérimentalement cinq matériaux isolants (polystyrène, laine de bois, laine de mouton, lin et métisse) pour étudier ensuite leur apport en termes de réduction de déperditions thermiques pour le mur étudié. Nous avons appliqué expérimentalement 3 cm de polystyrène pour l'isolation du mur afin de valider la méthode théorique. Une fois cette dernière validée, une comparaison de différents matériaux isolants et différentes configurations (isolation par l'intérieur et isolation par l'extérieur) a été établie afin d'identifier la configuration et le(s) matériau(x) le(s) plus intéressant(s). Enfin, des simulations thermiques dynamiques à l'échelle du bâtiment ont été réalisées pour les différentes typologies dans le but de valider les résultats obtenus à l'échelle du mur, de comparer les performances énergétiques des différentes typologies et de quantifier les économies d'énergie possibles pour différents bouquets de travaux d'isolation. / The housing sector has a significant energy saving potential especially in terms of heating which constitutes an important part of energy bills in France. Our work joins the optics of reducing energy consumption of housing by studying heat transfer in the opaque walls of old buildings and studying different configurations and types of thermal insulation materials. After an analysis of the context and the energy’s problematic of old buildings, we discussed a typological analysis of Lille’s old houses by identifying four main families of typologies: the “courée” house, the worker’s house, the town house and the mansion, thereby identifying their similarities and variations. Then, we thoroughly studied the heat transfer in a brick wall characteristic of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region; an experimental study was compared to various theoretical approaches in various regimes (steady state, harmonic, and random regime). After the study of the wall in its initial state (before insulation), we experimentally characterized five insulating materials (polystyrene, wood wool, sheep wool, linen and recycled textile) in order to study then their contribution in terms of heat losses’ reduction through the studied wall. We experimentally applied 3 cm of polystyrene wall insulation to validate the theoretical method. Once it was validated, a comparison of different insulating materials and configurations (interior insulation and external insulation) was established to identify the most interesting configuration and insulation material(s). Finally, dynamic thermal simulations on the building scale were carried out for the different buildings typologies in order to validate the results obtained on the wall scale, to compare the energy performance of the different building typologies, and quantify the energy savings potential for thermal insulation scenarios.

The thesis is divided into individual chapters of the theoretical and practical part. The aim is to develop and evaluate strategies for the company STAKOSOLAR Ltd. stemming both from the theoretical knowledge as well as the specific data obtained in this company. Theoretical findings were drawn from literature and other resources dealing with this issue. The practical part is devoted to the characteristics of the chosen company, applying the knowledge provided in the theoretical part on the case, the selected small businesses. Attention will be focused on the individual steps of the strategic cycle starting from firm conviction of the company's management about the necessity of defining a strategy, up to design and plan of implementation of a specific strategy for the business. The thesis outlines some of the possible options for future development, assesses their demands and the pros and cons of the possible.

This study investigates the economics of water as used by smallholder irrigation farmers in South Africa. The productivity and value of water were estimated with data from two smallholder irrigation schemes: Zanyokwe and Thabina. Production parameters such as fertilisers, seeds, pesticides, equipment, transport, labour, and water were treated as inputs. Various methodologies used to estimate water value, including cost-based approaches, were thoroughly reviewed. The aim was to select the ones with more justification for use in smallholder irrigation sector and also to compare a number of approaches. On a case study basis, three methods were applied: residual valuation method, willingness to pay and cost-based approaches (i.e. accounting costs of O&M). Water productivity and values were then evaluated as per crop, farmer, and scheme. Also, cross-section regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of some key socio-economic factors of production on gross margin and willingness to pay. The results indicated that on average, the value of water varies according to methods, crops, farmers and schemes. In the Zanyokwe scheme, water value estimated by the residual method in cabbage is higher (R1.64 per m3) than the one in dry maize (R0.35 per m3), if intensive and high yield irrigated crops are grown per year. Also, in Thabina, water value for cabbage (R1.14 per m3) outperforms water value for dry maize (R0.02 per m3. This means that there is greater potential in vegetable crops than food grain crops, although the two schemes have different irrigation systems, and such analysis is based on one-year data, which may lack accuracy. Low water valuation is ascribed to low yield and extensive cropping systems, because gross margin per hectare is very low. This signifies the need for expansion in high value crops rather than low value crops. At farm and scheme level, the results were derived by using the Smile database and simulated platform. The Smile platform is a data capturing and a calculation tool. It calculates a number of indicators, economic figures, at scheme and individual farm level, allowing for evaluation of the current situation. The results suggested that at present, the Zanyokwe scheme requires about 1 739 255 m3 of irrigation water per year. The total operational costs (accounting costs of O&M) are about R146 097.42. In other words, supplying 1 m3at farm level will cost R0.084. This implies that if irrigation charges are levied so as to cover O&M costs of the Zanyokwe scheme, the current costs (R0.084) will form only 23% of the average gross margin of R0.37 per m3 used at scheme level. Furthermore, in the Zanyokwe irrigation scheme, the results revealed that the most active and efficient farmers (specialized farmers) can make an average gross margin of R4 105 per ha per year, also achieving the highest water productivity R0.69 in gross margin per m3 consumed. However, in the Thabina scheme, the results indicated that, to supply 1 m3will cost R0.062. Thus, the current water supply costs cover about 56 % of what is earned (i.e. R0.11 per m3 used) at scheme level. Again, the most active farmers (commercially oriented pensioners) are more efficient, with average gross margin of R3 092 per ha per year, also achieving the highest water productivity (R0.53 in gross margin per m3 used). These results suggested that certain smallholder farming systems seem capable of paying for irrigation charges of their respective schemes if they are obliged to do so. As far as willingness to pay (WTP) and cost-based approaches (CBA) are concerned, the results clearly show that the active farmers in the Zanyokwe scheme have lower WTP per m3 (R0.03) than the GM of output (R0.69) per m3 of water used. Also, the accounting cost (R0.084 per m3 of water used) is lower than the GM gained. However, in the Thabina scheme, the situation is quite different. The active farmers are willing to pay R0.19 per m3 of water used. This implies that, if farmers are to pay for the charges in order to cover O&M costs, the farmers in Thabina are ready to pay as much as three times the proposed costs of O&M (R0.062 per m3 of water used), although both the WTP and the accounting cost are lower than GM gained. In these results, it is significant that both the accounting cost and the willingness to pay are lower than the GM per m3 of water used at least in the Zanyokwe scheme. Even though the data were drawn from a sample for one year only, this finding on the perception of farmers has implications for extension and training to improve future productive use. Regarding the findings from cross-section regression analysis, the results for GM (as dependent variable) in general indicated that in the Zanyokwe scheme, only credit affects output positively and significantly. Production costs have significant effect on output, but with a negative correlation. It is striking that all the other factors of production including hired labour show negative and insignificant effects on output. In the Thabina scheme, the most important factors of production in the model are land size (hectare) and production costs (Rand per ha). These two variables influence output positively and significantly. As far as WTP (as dependent variable) is concerned, the results indicated that in the Zanyokwe scheme, it is striking that in all the investigated factors, only credit affects WTP positively and significantly. All other factors are insignificant. Also, gross margin of output per m3, unexpectedly, has displayed a negative and insignificant effect on output. In the Thabina scheme, the results show that the land size per hectare, and gross margin of output per m3 affect WTP positively and significantly. Such results are consistent with the assumptions made in the conceptual framework that a farmer with high gross margin gained at farm level is more likely to pay for water costs than those with poor gross margin. On the basis of these findings, the following recommendations were formulated. Specific policies should include promotion of high value crops and improved varieties of seed for food grain crops (e.g. maize) and vegetables (e.g. cabbage). While improved agronomic practices remain important, there is also potential to increase productivity and profitability of the crops by improving water management practices at the canal-system level, such as better timing of water delivery and increased overall canal-water supplies at the farm level. Finally, from a cost recovery point of view, government should develop a program of cost sharing for capital costs of irrigation development. With regard to inter-sectoral competition, these results highlight that, if inter-sectoral competition is left to uncontrolled market forces may result in smallholder farmers' selling their water rights to sectors which value water at higher levels. To avoid a “liberal trap” such as in the example of Chile (where smallholder farmers "en masse" sold their water rights, resulting ultimately in deeper rural poverty), some form of control/management of water rights transaction involving smallholder farmers is necessary. Finally, the findings of this study can be used in various ways. Since, these values determine the farmer’s ability to pay for water now or in the future, the incentive to use water judiciously will be governed by these values. Secondly, the results can be used to evaluate whether the costs estimated and gross margin per m3 gained at farm level, are in line with the farmers’ willingness to pay. Further work is recommended to clarify these conclusions and provide more policy clarification on the better use of water by smallholder irrigation farmers in South Africa. / Dissertation (MInst.Agrar)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

No description available.

No description available.

There are a number of pressing issues facing today's educational society. Among the most controversial is the research and information surrounding the perceived positive or negative effects of parental involvement and barriers that restrict parental involvement. The purpose of this study was to examine 6 parental involvement typologies and their use and existence in 3 East Tennessee elementary schools. The Epstein (1987) typologies were used to classify parent involvement modalities. Parents who had a child enrolled in the 3rd, 4th, or 5th grade during the 2007-2008 school year were interviewed. The interviews followed an open-ended interview guide and the research is qualitative in nature. Research findings in this study were consistent with findings from a number of previous parental involvement studies. Research participants displayed an appreciation for the educational process and voiced strong opinions on parenting, communication, volunteering, decision-making, learning at home, and collaboration with the community. Barriers to parental involvement practices were addressed as were suggestions for improved parental involvement opportunities and modalities.