This thesis focuses on residential suburbanization within Olomouc city and its surroundings. The aim of the thesis is to determine the degree of intensity of suburbanization of individual settlemements based on the available data. Pursuant evaluation, the settlements with higher suburbanization intensity will be selected and subjected to investigation. The purpose of the investigation is to determine the extent of influence by these processes and what the settlement with higher suburbanisation intensity brings to the citizens. Subsequently, the selected sites and their newly build environement will be assessed from urbanistic and architectural point of view. In conclusion, the detailed analysis of the most suburbanized settlement will be performed.

The thesis presents a brand new concept of recurrent real estate tax in the Czech Republic. The object of the tax is designed to be exclusively land and apartments and non-residential premises. Buildings or any other aboveground or underground structures are not the object of taxation. Unlike buildings, land and apartments and non-residential premises can be appraised with sufficient accuracy only considering their quantity and location, hence by simply multiplying their areas and unit prices common in a given place and time. Consequently, the real estate tax can be designed on an ad valorem basis in order to differentiate between the tax liability of most lucrative, less lucrative and least lucrative property owners. As a result, tax collection can be substantially increased and a still marginal local tax can become a significant source of funds to the state treasury. At the same time, the increased recurrent tax on immovable property allows to abolish the economically questionable one-off tax in the Czech Republic, which is nowadays levied on the transfer of immovable property. The land tax is imposed on all land in the territory of the Country, with the exception of land built by apartment buildings and land used exclusively with them. The tax on apartments and non- residential premises falls on the...

The process of residential suburbanization, frequently in form of urban sprawl, takes place in the developed countries since mid 18th century. On the other hand, in the Czech Republic it is relatively new phenomenon, heavily appearing since 90s of the 20th century. Although many previous studies were focused on newly built suburbs, all of them took place in the surroundings of the biggest Czech cities. In the first part of the thesis the author sums up historical development of suburbanization's forms (by analyzing the available documents) and focuses especially on modern suburbanization processes in the Great Britain, USA and the Czech Republic, consequences of suburbanization in form of urban sprawl and effect on existence and function of communities in new suburbs. The author then uses a case study approach to study Velebov village (which is the target of suburbanization from Karlovy Vary) and, while using methods of analysis of the documents, qualitative and quantitative interviewing of residents, focuses on composition of inhabitants, social contacts and overall social cohesion within the village. Research findings mostly support results of previous studies and thus imply universality of suburbanization process within the Czech Republic. Composition of new inhabitants is quite different from...

This research explores the challenges the Namibian government faces in the planning process when implementing policies for strategic spatial planning (SSP). The study considers the entire Namibian planning process which primarily is governed top-down but has since independence adopted policies to decentralize power. Thus, this process has been slow and resulted in constant changes in governance settings and responsibilities. The aim of the research is, therefore, to assess the evolving nature of the governance structure in Namibia’s SSP system, and to enhance its impact on postcolonial planning strategies against urban sprawl. The rapid development of urban sprawl has been selected because it is one of the major contemporary issues for SSP practices, extending across multiple jurisdictions and demanding stakeholder coordination. The support question focuses on the nature of Namibia's governance structure in SSP and how it has evolved from the colonial to postcolonial eras. The following research questions explore the effectiveness of spatial strategies for urban sprawl and the communication links within the governance system, as well as the impact of statutory plans for SSP. Together they aim to answer if Namibia is facing challenges in the implementation of SSP, and if so, what can be done to improve the situation.  The methods for data collection consist of semi-structured interviews and a document study. The data enables a comprehensive understanding of the Namibian planning system related to the research questions. The results are analyzed through a theoretical framework with three main themes: land use intentions, governance processes, and external conditions. Identifying relevant planning strategies, hierarchies, and power relations. The empirical material consists of 11 interviews. Six of these are made with officials from all planning levels; the national, regional, and local, and the others by key informants. Key informants are experts on Namibia’s planning system and political climate. This is complemented by an analysis of public planning documents used for spatial planning, referred to by the respondents.  The result shows that decentralization from the national to subnational planning levels has taken place to a certain extent, although the autonomy among local and regional planning authorities is limited. This is because of the national government's reluctance to surrender control over the economy as well as due to a local lack of knowledge about strategy-making for land use. Furthermore, the main issues are the lack of strategic plans that coordinates and guides SSP, weak communication links between government levels, and the gap between political initiatives for decentralization and the subnational demand. The lack of communication links affects the governance process between planning levels as well as the coordination inside each government. This prolongs decision-making and connects to the gap between the national intentions for decentralization and the weak local demand for it. Moreover, the partial decentralization has confused stakeholders by delegating responsibility without the actual mandate to act, leading to limited strategies and poor execution of actions against urban sprawl. External pressures from international agencies influencing the governance process also add to the challenges for postcolonial planning. The thesis suggests several improvement opportunities to increase the implementation rate of spatial strategies. These include strengthened support systems from the national to the subnational level, alignment among strategic plans, and stronger communication links to improve governance processes. External pressures could become a more rewarding asset if international involvement began to support local knowledge instead of channeling Western ideals. These understandings matter because they provide theories of the urban with a global south narrative instead of the dominant Western perspective of governance, decentralization, and SSP.

No description available.

本研究主要探討台北都會區都市蔓延與氣候暖化之關係，實證分析是否都市蔓延的發展形態會造成氣溫的上升。有研究指出台灣的歷年氣溫上升是因為近年來工商業急速發展，人口增加，建築物型態改變，交通運輸量激增等所致。國內外許多研究也發現都市化與氣溫是呈現正相關，而綠地與氣溫呈現負相關。 本研究實證分析部分使用地理資訊系統之內差法和空間分析方法，以及迴歸分析使用panel data之固定效果模型等工具，內插法之結果得到台北都會區年平均氣溫自1996年至2006年約上升1℃，有些地區甚至上升約2℃，且上升之溫度範圍有擴大的趨勢，呈現放射狀的溫度分布，此與都市蔓延之放射狀發展形態類似。使用空間分析方法則證實了一地人口數的增加會造成該地氣溫上升，並且也發現近來人口數多增加在都市外圍地區，這與上述氣溫分布和都市蔓延之放射狀發展形態也相符合。 迴歸分析結果顯示人口數對於氣溫有相當大之正相關，耕地面積對氣溫則呈現負相關，可見得擁有廣大綠地可以降低區域之氣溫，減緩氣候暖化，因此建議政府需檢討當前農地政策，配合環境保護，適合時宜的提出正確之政策。另外在各鄉鎮市區固定效果估計量方面，可以歸納出若一地區有廣大的公園、綠地、或是有河川流域的經過，對於降低當地氣溫有明顯的幫助；時間趨勢之固定效果估計量顯示台北都會區隨著時間的經過，氣溫將持續上升。因此在未來都市規劃方面，規劃者必須了解各地區特性，善加利用其自然環境以調和氣候暖化之影響、多設置公園綠地、多種植綠色植物、在道路周邊行道樹的設置、建築物間風場之設計等。如此將可以降低都市蔓延對氣候暖化的影響，以及防止氣候暖化的發生。 / In this study, we research the relationship between urban sprawl and climate warming in Taipei metropolitan area. Analyze empirically whether the developed shape of urban sprawl causes the climbing of the temperature. Some studies indicate that the reasons why the climate is getting warmer in Taiwan are the high-speed developments of industry and commerce, the increase of population, the changes of the buildings and the huge increase of the traffic volume. Some other studies also find out that there is a positive correlation between the urbanization and the temperature, and there is a negative correlation between the green space and the temperature. The empirical analysis in this study is based on the Interpolation Method and Spatial Analysis of GIS. And the regression analysis is based on the Fixed Effect Model of Panel Data. The yearly average temperature increased about 1℃ to 2℃ in the Taipei metropolitan area from 1996 to 2006. Furthermore, the range of the increasing temperature has been trending up, and it reveals a radial distribution. It is similar to the radial developed shape of urban sprawl. By using Spatial Analysis, we prove that the temperature of an area increases when the population rises. And we find out that the population rises in most of the peri-urban areas. It also answers to the radial developed shape of urban sprawl and the distribution of the temperature as above. The result of using the regression analysis shows that there is a positive correlation between the number of the population and the temperature and is a negative correlation between the farmland areas and the temperature. So that if there is a big green space, it can decrease the temperature in an area, reduce climate warming. For this reason, I suggest that the government should review our current farmland policy, which should be worked with the environmental protection policy, and bring it into practice at the right time right place. From the fixed effect estimation, we concludes that it helps decrease the temperature in an area obviously when there is a big park, big green space or where a river passing through. The time trend of the fixed effect estimation indicates that the climate in the Taipei metropolitan area will be getting warming with time goes by. Therefore, the urban planner should know better of the feature in each area, using the natural environment to accommodate the influence of climate warming. To have more parks, green spaces and plants, plant more trees by the roads, design the wind flow between buildings. Cut down the carbon production by using either way. Thus and so, we can reduce the influence of urban sprawl to climate warming, and also prevent climate warming.

Les temps changent, et de nouvelles temporalités sont venues modifier l’organisation du temps des individus. Les nouvelles technologies de l’information combinées à l’usage grandissant du véhicule en mode solo ont contribué à l’étalement urbain et à l’accroissement des distances qu’ont à franchir les migrants pendulaires. Les déplacements quotidiens de milliers de personnes sur un territoire urbain à des fins de travail, d’étude et de loisir ne se font pas sans heurts. Il va sans dire qu’un usage accru des moyens de transport collectif réduirait considérablement les méfaits occasionnés par les migrations pendulaires. Encore faut-il que l’offre de transport en commun réponde à la demande des migrants pendulaires. Puisqu’il y a différents types de migrants pendulaires, l’offre de transport doit s’adapter à tous si l’on veut rejoindre une masse importante d’utilisateurs. Les nouvelles temporalités ont redéfini l’usage du temps pour une majorité d’individus. Cette recherche vise donc à vérifier si l’offre de transport en commun, faite par la Société de Transport de Montréal et la Ville de Montréal, répond adéquatement aux besoins des navetteurs d’aujourd’hui. / Times change and the New Temporalities have modified the individual’s organization of time. The new information technologies combined with high car dependence contribute to urban sprawl and to the increase in distance for commuters. Thousands of daily moves made by commuters, moving in an urban territory, are not without consequences. A massive use of public transportation would lead to a decrease of inconveniences associated with daily commuting. Public transit companies have to provide commuters with excellent service. The offer has to be adapted to people’s needs, in order to reach a mass of users. The New Temporalities have modified the way most people use their time. The goal of this research is, then, to verify if the public transit supply of « La Société de Transport de Montréal et la Ville de Montréal» is adapted to today’s commuters’ needs.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-04-05T14:52:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Barbato Maroso.pdf: 5057513 bytes, checksum: c943b197d21e43ed1010a4fdbcfdbcb9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T14:52:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Barbato Maroso.pdf: 5057513 bytes, checksum: c943b197d21e43ed1010a4fdbcfdbcb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The present work discusses the social housing investments made by Minha Casa Minha Vida Program (PMCMV) from a sociospatial perspective, taking into consideration several aspects of regional, territorial, municipal and community management, as well as the federal program management itself. Since 2009, PMCMV has been the main Brazilian federal housing program initiative and its Level 1 production, which is designated to families with zero to three minimal wages, was considered by this research as social housing. The selected time frame was from 2009 to 2014, addressing the first and second stages of the program. The territorial frame, denominated ?Campinas-Mogi Axis?, was defined by sociospatial relations discovered through the research, disregarding the political-administrative boundaries and not reducing the focus to the road that structures this axis. The starting point of the work was the hypothesis that the social housing produced by PMCMV increases urban sprawl, which, as observed in the study case, is stimulated by both public and private investments. To achieve the proposed objective, social history was adopted as method, aiming to comprehend reality through it and considering a variety of versions, other than the official ones. The research was also based on literature review about the studied themes and a study case. The analysis systematization, confronted with the literature review, was divided in two scales: regional (Campinas-Mogi Axis) and intraurban (study case), in this scale two social housing condominiums in Jaguari?na City were studied and revealed to be a great contribution in the urban sprawl phenomenon understanding. Finally, it was noticed that the PMCMV and territory management implications lead to a sprawl conducive scenario and to territory fragmentation along the cities, both in regional and local levels, leading to the proposed hypothesis. / Esta disserta??o trata dos investimentos do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida em Habita??o de Interesse Social, a partir de diversos aspectos de gest?o regional, territorial, municipal, dos conjuntos e do programa federal, sob perspectiva socioespacial. O PMCMV, desde 2009, ? a principal iniciativa federal brasileira de provis?o habitacional, sendo que a produ??o para Faixa 1, destinada a fam?lias com renda entre zero e tr?s sal?rios m?nimos, foi entendida como de interesse social por esta pesquisa. Esse entendimento prov?m do fato de haver destina??o de recursos a fundo perdido e demanda fechada para essa faixa. O recorte temporal se colocou entre 2009 e 2014, abordando as duas primeiras etapas desse programa. J? o recorte territorial, que se denominou por "Eixo Campinas-Mogi", foi definido pelas rela??es socioespaciais encontradas, n?o se observando os limites pol?tico-administrativos, tampouco sendo reduzido ? rodovia que estrutura o eixo. Partiu-se da hip?tese de que os conjuntos habitacionais produzidos acentuam o processo de urbaniza??o dispersa, lido no territ?rio em tela, estimulado pelos investimentos particulares e p?blicos. Para alcan?ar os objetivos propostos, utilizou-se da hist?ria social como m?todo, buscando compreender a realidade por meio dela, considerando outras vers?es que n?o s? a oficial. Tamb?m se baseou em revis?o bibliogr?fica acerca dos temas abordados e de um estudo de caso. A organiza??o da an?lise, indo ao encontro da revis?o bibliogr?fica, se deu em duas escalas: regional (Eixo Campinas-Mogi) e intra-urbana (estudo de caso). Para esta ?ltima, optou-se pelo estudo de dois conjuntos habitacionais na cidade de Jaguari?na, que se mostraram prof?cuos no entendimento dos fen?menos causados pela dispers?o urbana. Por fim, compreendeu-se que as implica??es da gest?o do PMCMV e do territ?rio confluem para um cen?rio favor?vel ? dispers?o e ? fragmenta??o do territ?rio das cidades, tanto no ?mbito regional quanto no local, caminhando em dire??o ? hip?tese pretendida.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Veneziano Faleiros.pdf: 15342512 bytes, checksum: 8f07b9962cccfb9d8e3a2eb15c146929 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-22 / This final paper analyses the urban impact caused after the Parque Dom Pedro Shopping implantation, in Campinas city, especially at his surrounding area. One of the main factors that characterize the enterprise is his regional insertion, since it is located far from consolidated urban fabric, and near to an area connected to many highways, such as Dom Pedro I e Anhanguera. It allows easy access to the equipment by the cities of Campinas Metropolitan Region, and, besides, connects it with inner and outer points of the city. The location factor results in a growing quest for big areas with these characteristics, to build large equipments, since regional roads increase value to the surrounding areas. The insertion of great enterprises, near to these roads, results even more increased value, and the consequent development of the surrounding areas. This urban occupation patterns are typical of the dispersed urbanization process, verified at Campinas, which study is the base for the understanding of the changes occurred at the shopping around areas, after its implantation, and will be the starting point of this paper. / Este trabalho analisa os impactos ocasionados pela implanta??o do Parque Dom Pedro Shopping, na cidade de Campinas, sobretudo no que diz respeito ?s suas ?reas envolt?rias. Um dos principais fatores que caracterizam o empreendimento ? a sua inser??o regional, uma vez que ele se situa distante do tecido urbano consolidado da cidade, em uma ?rea conectada por diversas rodovias, entre as quais, as Rodovias Dom Pedro I e Anhanguera. Ambas permitem um f?cil acesso ao empreendimento, a partir de munic?pios localizados na Regi?o Metropolitana de Campinas, al?m de estabelecer conex?es com pontos intra e inter municipais. ? cada vez mais freq?ente a procura por uma ?rea com tais caracter?sticas para a instala??o de equipamentos de grande porte, j? que as vias regionais s?o importantes elementos na atra??o da expans?o urbana, valorizando suas ?reas envolt?rias. A implanta??o de grandes empreendimentos, pr?ximos a essas vias, resultam em mais valoriza??o e conseq?ente desenvolvimento urbano do entorno. Esse padr?o de ocupa??o urbana ? t?pico do processo de urbaniza??o dispersa verificado no munic?pio de Campinas, cujo estudo ? a base fundamental para a compreens?o das transforma??es ocorridas nas ?reas envolt?rias ao Parque Dom Pedro Shopping, ap?s sua implanta??o, e ser? ponto de partida desta pesquisa. ..

Orientador: Thiago Sanna Freire Silva / Resumo: As paisagens são a expressão da interação dinâmica entre processos naturais e atividades humanas. A região do Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo apresenta uma grande diversidade de fitofisionomias do bioma Mata Atlântica, e um rico patrimônio material e imaterial, em função da histórica interação do homem com a natureza. São inúmeros os vetores que agem simultaneamente sobre essa paisagem, resultando em efeitos cumulativos que transformam sua multifuncionalidade e multidimensionalidade. Este estudo objetivou a compreensão dos vetores de mudanças na paisagem do Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo. A transformação histórica da paisagem na área de estudo foi investigada buscando compreender a modificações dos cenários paisagísticos na sua integridade desde o início da colonização europeia na região de estudo. Através desta revisão histórica, demonstramos que a política econômica impulsionou investimentos em instalações tecnológicas e de acesso a região, que influenciaram no aumento das taxas de crescimento populacional, resultando num rápido crescimento das áreas urbanas após meados do século XX. O segundo capítulo quantificou as mudanças físicas da paisagem, através de séries históricas de imagens da série de satélites Landsat, utilizando o algoritmo Random Forests para classificação supervisionada do uso e cobertura da terra. Pudemos então, demonstrar que a região apresenta tendência a uma dicotomia no uso da terra, entre o uso urbano e a conservação ambiental. Entre 1985 e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Landscapes are an expression of the dynamic interaction between natural environments and human activities. The Northern Coast of São Paulo State has a high diversity of Atlantic Forest vegetation types, and the Serra do Mar mountain range has a rich material and immaterial heritage due to ancient human-nature interactions. There are several different driving forces of change acting together over these landscapes, resulting in a cumulative effect over time. Our study sought to understand the causes and consequences of landscape change in the Northern Coast of São Paulo state, from 1985 to present. We described the land use history and landscape changes since the Europeans arrived in the region, during the XVI century. We identified that national economic policies and interests have led to investment in improved access and technological development, which in turn influenced migration to the region and resulted in fast urban expansion. In the second chapter, we have shown that land use change in the Northern Coast of São Paulo poses a dichotomy between two main land cover change trajectories over 30 years: forest persistence and fast urban growth. We found only 100 km² (8%) of forest disturbance within the State Parks, while dense urban settlements grew 167% outside the park, replacing mainly rural land uses. To identify and understand the driving forces of change in the region, we used Partial Least Squares - Path Modelling to model the relation between driving forces and lands... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor