Há um crescente incentivo ao uso da tecnologia biométrica para melhorar, e até mesmo substituir os métodos tradicionais de segurança. O campo da Biometria refere-se a uma grande variedade de tecnologias usadas para identicar ou vericar a identidade de uma pessoa por meio da mensuração e análise de vários aspectos físicos e comportamentais do ser humano. Modalidades biométricas são características extraídas do corpo humano, que são únicas para cada indivíduo e que podem ser usadas para estabelecer sua identidade numa população. As principais modalidades biométricas empregadas na literatura são: impressão digital, face, voz, palma da mão e íris. Dentre as modalidades biométricas, a face é a mais comumente vista e usada em nossa vida diária. Em aplicações de mundo real, sistemas de reconhecimento facial, frequentemente, têm que lidar com condições não controladas e não previsíveis, tais como mudança na iluminação, pose, expressão e oclusão, as quais introduzem variações intraclasse e degradam a performance do reconhecimento. Comparada com problemas de pose, iluminação e expressão, o problema relacionado à oclusão é relativamente pouco estudado na área. As abordagens empregadas para atacar o problema de reconhecimento facial na presença de oclusões parciais podem ser categorizadas em: i) abordagens baseadas em reconstrução, que formulam o reconhecimento biométrico baseado em imagens de face parcialmente ocluídas como um problema de reconstrução; ii) abordagens baseadas em correspondência local, que extraem características locais da face; iii) abordagens baseadas em características insensíveis, que extraem características da face que são robustas à oclusão. O objetivo desta dissertação é realizar um estudo comparativo detalhado das abordagens baseadas em reconstrução visando reconhecimento biométrico facial na presença de oclusão. As abordagens baseadas em reconstrução foram aplicadas a duas bases de dados (AR e Yale) contendo quatro tipos diferentes de oclusões e avaliadas usando a performance obtida no reconhecimento biométrico. Com base no estudo comparativo realizado, foram propostas três técnicas baseadas em reconstrução, que correspondem a uma modicação e/ou combinação de técnicas já conhecidas na literatura. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que as técnicas propostas alcançaram desempenhos melhores ou similares as técnicas descritas na literatura / There is a growing incentive to use biometric technology to improve, even replace, traditional security methods. The eld of Biometrics refers to a wide variety of technologies used to identify or verify a persons identity by measuring and analyzing various physical and behavioral aspects of the human being. Biometric modalities are characteristics drawn from the human body, which are unique to each individual and can be used to establish their identity in a population. The main biometric modalities used in the literature are: fingerprint, face, voice, palm, and iris. The main biometric modalities used in the literature are: fingerprint, face, voice, palm and iris. Among the biometric modalities, the face is the most commonly seen and used in our daily life. In real-world applications, facial recognition systems often have to deal with uncontrolled and unpredictable conditions such as change in illumination, pose, expression, and occlusion, which introduce intraclass variations and degrade recognition performance. Compared with problems of pose, illumination and expression, the problem related to occlusion is relatively little studied in the area. The approaches used to tackle facial recognition in the presence of partial occlusions can be categorized into: (i) reconstruction-based approaches that formulate recognition of occluded faces as a reconstruction problem; ii) approaches based on local correspondence, which extract local face characteristics; iii) approaches based on insensitive characteristics, which extract features of the face that are robust to occlusion. The objective of this dissertation is to perform a detailed comparative study of reconstruction-based approaches aiming at facial recognition in the presence of occlusion. Reconstruction-based approaches were applied to two databases (AR and Yale) containing four dierent types of occlusions and evaluated using the performance obtained in the biometric recognition. Based on the comparative study, three reconstruction-based techniques were proposed, which correspond to a change in the formulation and/or combination of techniques already known in the literature. The experimental results showed that the proposed techniques achieved better or similar performances than the techniques described in the literature

O presente trabalho busca analisar como certos filmes do modo de representação observacional são capazes de incitar no espectador a impressão de vislumbrar a própria realidade na tela, dividindo-se a pesquisa em dois períodos e contextos particulares: nos anos 60, quando surgiu o Cinema Direto nos Estados Unidos em torno da Drew Associates, e nos anos 2000 a partir de dois documentários brasileiros. / This work analyzes as certain films of the observational mode of representation are capable of provoking in the spectator the impression of glimpsing the reality itself on the screen in two periods and particular contexts: in the 60s, when the Direct Cinema appeared in the United States around the Drew Associates, and in the years 2000, through two Brazilian documentaries.

O presente trabalho busca analisar como certos filmes do modo de representação observacional são capazes de incitar no espectador a impressão de vislumbrar a própria realidade na tela, dividindo-se a pesquisa em dois períodos e contextos particulares: nos anos 60, quando surgiu o Cinema Direto nos Estados Unidos em torno da Drew Associates, e nos anos 2000 a partir de dois documentários brasileiros. / This work analyzes as certain films of the observational mode of representation are capable of provoking in the spectator the impression of glimpsing the reality itself on the screen in two periods and particular contexts: in the 60s, when the Direct Cinema appeared in the United States around the Drew Associates, and in the years 2000, through two Brazilian documentaries.

Every movement has a goal. For reaching, the goal is to move the hand to a specific location. For locomotion, however, goals for each step cycle are unclear and veiled by the automatic nature of lower limb control. What mechanical variables does the nervous system "care" about during locomotion? Abundant evidence from the biomechanics literature suggests that the force generated on the ground, or endpoint force, is an important task variable during hopping and running. Hopping and running are called bouncing gaits for the reason that the endpoint force trajectory is like that of bouncing on a pogo stick. In this work, I captured kinematics and kinetics of human bouncing gaits, and tested whether structure in the inherent step-to-step variability is consistent with control of endpoint force. I found that joint torques covary from step to step to stabilize only peak force. When two limbs are used to generate force on the ground at the same time, individual forces of the limbs are not stabilized, but the total peak force is stabilized. Moreover, passive dynamics may be exploited during forward progression. These results suggest that the number of kinetic goals is minimal, and this simple control scheme involves goals for discrete times during the gait cycle. Uncovering biomechanical goals of locomotion provides a functional context for understanding how complex joints, muscles, and neural circuits are coordinated.

The subject of the research is production costs classification used in the Lithuanian manufacture enterprises and farmers’ farms. The goal of the work is to reason the expedience of selection of the classification features in practice and to measure the adaptation opportunities of the selected classification features in the Lithuanian enterprises and farmers’ farms, after the costs classification potential have been analysed. The tasks are as follows: 1) to analyse the principle of production costs and classification potential, and to reason the expedience of selection of the classification features; 2) to analyse individual types of costs according to the selected classification features; 3) to check and measure the adaptation opportunities thereof in practice. The research methods include the logical analysis of economic literature containing comparison and summarizing of theoretical statements. The practical experience of costs classification gained in the Lithuanian manufacture enterprises and agricultural partnerships has been analysed using the method of analysis and synthesis. The results of the research have been described using the methods of comparison and summarizing the outcome, as well as the monographic method of analysis. After having analysed the principle of costs and classification potential thereof with regard to the objectives set in the area of cost accounting, the selected costs classification features are introduced in the work, which are essential in... [to full text]

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T12:44:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sebastião Carlos Ferreira de Almeida - 2016.pdf: 4708359 bytes, checksum: 8a4a7bc6bc4f5612fdcd3cb5150fa0c8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T12:46:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sebastião Carlos Ferreira de Almeida - 2016.pdf: 4708359 bytes, checksum: 8a4a7bc6bc4f5612fdcd3cb5150fa0c8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T12:46:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sebastião Carlos Ferreira de Almeida - 2016.pdf: 4708359 bytes, checksum: 8a4a7bc6bc4f5612fdcd3cb5150fa0c8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-10 / The following study consists in a sociological analysis about the production of manhood styles in the universe of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), from an ethnographic research made with a group of physical fight practitioners in the city named Goiânia-GO. Thus, it points out to the relevance of consumption and the interference of the market in the construction of some symbolic repertoire about manhood seen as essentials and/or primordials, discussing how the subjects seize and embody such an imaginary thing amidst stress, ambivalences and disputes. The document is organized into five chapters. In the first, I talk about the questionable utilization of physical fights and martial arts as an invented tradition, as an orientalist play, in the configuration of imaginary communities. In the second, I talk about the appearance of MMA coming from the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), giving focus to historical and sociological aspects that takes part in the symbolic economy in which establishes some manly speeches that are important for involved agents with the dynamic of manhoods in question. The third chapter brings thoughts about implied codes to the expression of manhoods in the universe of fighters where it was realized the field research, emphasizing the usage of signs associated to the genre relations with the production of relevant styles of the habitus of fighters. I develop discussions about the acceptance of the speech of order and the discipline of the contributors in the fourth chapter, in order to determine how interactions with women and other manhoods go through the influence of conservative opinion; and how much this dynamic is responsible for the creation of conflicts in this universe. The fifth chapter talks about the biographies of iconic fighters in several levels of the field topology embodied by fighters and referees that take part of the cultural goods market around MMA and UFC. So I posit that the fight that brought the thoughts about manhoods in this study highlights the stress around the sexuality, of questions related to family and to work; and before it means a sportivization, it indicates an intense civilizing process, as it allows the fruition an uncontrolled control of the emotions and makes evident tools of social control. The respect and affection of traditional institutes like family and heterosexuality, like the possibility of social ascension through MMA, require from the fighters a self-sacrifice that reinstalls in the contemporaneous scenario the perspective of the individual discipline as a resource to the success. This process allow us to imply that dynamics and rhetoric of market (re)products styles of manhoods seen as “non corruptible” by the present day, such elements being appropriate by interested agents in the symbolic capital that is inherent in the form of disputes for hegemony. Keywords: Mixed Martial Arts, manhoods; uncontrolled control; imaginary communities; market of symbolic goods. / O presente estudo consiste em uma análise sociológica da produção de estilos de masculinidades no universo do Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), a partir de uma pesquisa de caráter etnográfico realizada junto a um grupo de praticantes de lutas corporais na cidade de Goiânia-GO. Aponta, assim, para a pertinência do consumo e para a interferência do mercado na construção de certo repertório simbólico sobre masculinidades tidas como essenciais e/ou primordiais, discutindo como os sujeitos apropriam-se e corporificam tal imaginário em meio a tensões, ambivalências e disputas. O texto está organizado em cinco capítulos. No primeiro, discorro sobre a problemática das lutas corporais e das artes marciais enquanto tradição inventada utilizada, enquanto peça orientalista, na conformação de comunidades imaginadas. No segundo, abordo o surgimento do MMA a partir do Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), focando aspectos históricos e sociológicos que participam da economia simbólica dentro da qual se instalam discursos e retóricas viris importantes para agentes envolvidos com a dinâmica da masculinidade em questão. O terceiro capítulo traz reflexões a respeito de códigos implícitos à expressão de masculinidades no universo de lutadores onde foi realizada a pesquisa de campo, realçando o manejo de signos associados às relações de gênero com a produção de estilos relevadores de habitus de lutadores. Desenvolvo discussões sobre uma apropriação do discurso da ordem e da disciplina por parte dos colaboradores no quarto capítulo, no sentido de apontar como interações com mulheres e outras masculinidades sofrem a influência de disposições conservadoras; e o quanto tal dinâmica é responsável pela produção de conflitos nesse universo. O quinto capítulo aborda a questão das biografias de lutadores emblemáticos em diversos níveis da topologia do campo constituído por lutadores e mediadores que participam do mercado de bens culturais em torno do MMA e do UFC. Postulo que a luta de que se lançou mão para as reflexões sobre masculinidades nesse estudo realça a tensão em torno da sexualidade, de questões relacionadas à família e ao trabalho; e antes de significar uma desportivização, indica um acirramento do processo civilizatório, na medida em que permite a fruição de um descontrole controlado das emoções e evidencia ferramentas de controle social. A valorização de instituições tradicionais como a família e a heterossexualidade, bem como a possibilidade de ascensão social através do MMA, exigem de lutadores um auto sacrifício que reinstala no cenário contemporâneo a perspectiva da ascese individual como recurso para o sucesso. Este processo permite inferir que dinâmicas e retóricas de mercado (re)produzem estilos de masculinidades tidos como “não corrompidos” pela modernidade, sendo tais elementos apropriados por agentes interessados no capital simbólico que lhes é inerente sob a forma de disputas por hegemonia. Palavras-chave: Mixed Martial Arts; masculinidades; descontrole controlado; comunidades imaginadas; mercado de bens simbólicos.

Ce travail a pour objectifs de déterminer la prévalence des maladies coronariennes (MC) au Liban, de décrire le profil des personnes qui en souffrent, d'explorer la tendance de l'hypertension artérielle (HTA), du diabète et de la dyslipidémie à se regrouper chez les mêmes individus, et enfin d'évaluer le contrôle de l'HTA. Une étude transversale fut menée au niveau national. Un échantillon de 1515 individus fut choisi. Des données sur les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, sur les facteurs de risque (FDR) les plus importants de la MC et l'histoire médicale des participants furent collectées. Le clustering des FDR biologiques (FDRbio) fut examiné par la méthode du ratio de cas observés sur les cas attendus. Notre travail a révélé une MC prématurée avec une prévalence de 13.4%, a confirmé la pertinence des FDR classiques dans la population libanaise, a montré que les FDRbio se regroupent plus fréquemment qu'attendu et a révélé un contrôle insuffisant de l'HTA. / This thesis aimed to determine the prevalence of coronary heart diseases (CHD) in Lebanon, to describe the profile of people who suffer from it, to explore the tendency of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia to cluster in the same individuals beyond what could be attributed to chance, and finally to evaluate the control of high blood pressure. A national cross-sectional study was conducted by choosing a sample of 1515 individuals. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, their medical history and the most important risk factors (RFs) for CHD. The clustering of biological RFs (bioRFs) was assessed using the observed to expected ratio method. Our work revealed premature CHD with a prevalence of 13.4%, confirmed the relevance of classic RFs of CHD and their applicability to the Lebanese population, showed that bioRFs cluster more often than expected, and revealed an insufficient control of hypertension.

Notre investigation est une étude du processus de la création spatiale non maîtrisée et du développement de la ville de Kinshasa dans les collines de l’Ouest et du Sud-ouest. Cette recherche a essayé d’analyser les défis et opportunités pour l’aménagement et le développement urbain. Notre attention était focalisée sur la question de l’envahissement des espaces libres et les interstices aux encablures des cités planifiées et ses conséquences environnementales et socio-économiques. A l’issue de cette analyse il s’est avéré d’abord que les politiques urbaines souffrent d’une cohérence en matière d’organisation de l’espace. La maîtrise de l’urbanisation passe par le contrôle du foncier qui pourrait contraindre une expansion spatiale marquée par le paradigme de marginalisation écologique. C’est l’un des principaux moyens de dompter la croissance urbaine et de donner aux quartiers et par le fait même à la ville de Kinshasa la physionomie qu’on lui souhaiterait. / Our investigation is a study of the process of spatial creation and uncontrolled development of the city of Kinshasa, in the hills of the West and of the Southwest. This research has attempted to analyze the challenges and opportunities for planning and urban development. We focused on the issue of the invasion of open spaces and interstices to cables in planned cities and its environmental and socio-economic consequences. Based on our analysis, we concluded that urban policies suffer from a lack of coherent organizing space. Management of urbanization includes controlling land which could constrain spatial expansion, characterized by the paradigm of ecological marginalization. This is one of the main ways to tame urban growth and give neighborhoods as well as the city of Kinshasa the desired physiognomy.

The objective of this thesis is development study of airport Hradec Králové for IFR traffic on the basis of RNAV, with instrument approach, and it’s evaluation. Thesis contains author’s methodology for problem solving, description of the airport, determination of the lifting factors and study, including inputs analysis, description of the work and evaluation.

In agriculture-dominated areas, water pollution resulting from nutrients migrating from farms to water bodies is a major concern. The migration is further exacerbated by traditional tile drain known as Uncontrolled Tile Drainage (UCTD), which removes excess water from areas to keep the water table low enough for crops to grow. UCTD, commonly used in Ontario, Canada, is believed to contribute to water quality issues, whereas Controlled Tile Drainage (CTD) is an alternative technique in which a structure controls the outlets of the drains so that water only leaves a field when the water table level exceeds a desired threshold. Considered as a Best Management Practice (BMP), CTD has been documented as an efficient practice preventing nutrients from migrating out of agricultural fields. This thesis aims to improve our understanding of the environmental benefits of replacing UCTD with CTD. Three significant contributions were achieved. The first contribution of the thesis is the improvements of the algorithm for calculating nitrates in tile flows in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Researchers have simulated CTD by dynamically changing tile depth to mimic the operation of outlet structure gates, but it has been demonstrated that doing so results in inaccuracies, and so the algorithm in the model has been improved subsequently. The current author proposed and tested a new algorithm for calculating nitrates in tile flows that better represents the dynamics of water and nutrients in soil layers for the SWAT model. A model for the South Nation watershed, located in Ontario, Canada, was then developed and successfully calibrated using the improved SWAT model. The second contribution was the extension of the SWAT model to simulate riverine hydraulic and water quality processes by coupling it with the QUAL2Kw model. In this thesis, a procedure is developed to couple the SWAT model and the QUAL2Kw model to enable continuous simulations of 13 water quality parameters in the South Nation River system. The coupled model was calibrated and verified at various observed locations along the river during the five seasons of growth from 2006 to 2010. The simulation results suggested that CTD also improved the water quality of the river by lowering biologically available N levels of NO2--N, and NO3--N, thereby impeding phytoplankton growth in the river. The third contribution is the verification of the benefits of replacing UCTD with CTD in the future climates. The confirmation was done using the SWAT model alone, and then the coupled SWAT/QUAL2K models, using a matrix of climate change experiments performed with several Global Climate Models and Regional Climate Models. The results suggest that nutrient loading from the watershed will increase in the 2021–2050 period compared to the 1985–2006 period. Thus, pollution from agricultural fields will worsen with the current UCTD approach, while the results also show that CTD would perform effectively and stably in future climate scenarios and could counterbalance the effects of climate change on water quality. To the author’s knowledge, this study is the first attempt to date to assess the environmental effects of CTD on a watershed and river by coupling the SWAT and QUAL2Kw models. The findings expand the current scope of knowledge on the environmental effects of CTD on watersheds and rivers under current and future climate change regimes. Long periods of continuous simulation and a matrix of climate change scenarios also make this study stand out from other studies. It laid a foundation for future investigations.