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Är euron en internationell valuta?Andersson, Maria January 2005 (has links)
<p>Denna uppsats syfte är att ta reda på om euron är en internationell valuta och om</p><p>euron kan konkurrera med dollarn om titeln som världens ledande valuta. Teori om</p><p>valutamarknaden, en valutas uppgifter och vad som avgör vilken valuta som används</p><p>internationellt behandlas och för att kunna svara på uppsatsens frågeställningar (syfte)</p><p>redogörs siffror på eurons internationella användning. Sådana siffror visar att euron är</p><p>en internationell valuta då den används i valutans funktioner internationellt, men att</p><p>dollarn fortfarande är den världsledande valutan utan att vara särsklit hotad i sin</p><p>ställning av euron.</p>
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Är euron en internationell valuta?Andersson, Maria January 2005 (has links)
Denna uppsats syfte är att ta reda på om euron är en internationell valuta och om euron kan konkurrera med dollarn om titeln som världens ledande valuta. Teori om valutamarknaden, en valutas uppgifter och vad som avgör vilken valuta som används internationellt behandlas och för att kunna svara på uppsatsens frågeställningar (syfte) redogörs siffror på eurons internationella användning. Sådana siffror visar att euron är en internationell valuta då den används i valutans funktioner internationellt, men att dollarn fortfarande är den världsledande valutan utan att vara särsklit hotad i sin ställning av euron.
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Optimal Incentives to Foster Cross Selling: An Economic AnalysisDecrouppe, Andre 24 September 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Cross selling is the practice of selling additional products to an existing
customer. It has the potential to boost revenues and can be beneficial for
both the company and the customer. For many multi-divisional companies
with product or service oriented organizational structures the attempt to
realize the benefits of cross selling generates incentive problems. In this
thesis, three problems spread over three business levels are identified.
Firstly, management needs to (financially) motivate business units in
fostering their cross selling efforts. Secondly, in order to make cross
selling happen, business units need to cooperate and to exchange
product-related information. Finally, in order to increase their short-term
benefits business units might act opportunistically by selling products or
services of other business units without paying attention to adding value
for their customers. These incentive problems are theoretically examined
by applying principal-agent theory and the theory of repeated games. Our
findings suggest that an optimized incentive structure is required to make
both the business units and the management better off. The thesis also
analyses the circumstances and necessary prerequisites under which cross
selling initiatives are beneficial for all involved parties. Apart from that
cross selling sometimes may turn out to be non-beneficial. In addition to
the elaborations above, risks and hazards of cross selling are presented in
detail and applied for the extension of the underlying model. Bottom line,
the work underlines that cross selling is to be realized holistically to
ensure durable success. (author's abstract)
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Legal and regulatory aspects of mobile financial servicesPerlman, Leon Joseph 11 1900 (has links)
The thesis deals with the emergence of bank and non-bank entities that provide a range of unique
transaction-based payment services broadly called Mobile Financial Services (MFS) to unbanked,
underserved and underbanked persons via mobile phones.
Models of MFS from Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), banks, combinations of MNOs and banks, and
independent Mobile Financial Services Providers are covered. Provision by non-banks of ‘bank-type’
services via mobile phones has been termed ‘transformational banking’ versus the ‘additive banking’
services from banks. All involve the concept of ‘branchless banking’ whereby ‘cash-in/cash out’ services
are provided through ‘agents.’
Funds for MFS payments may available through a Stored Value Product (SVP), particularly through a
Stored Value Account SVP variant offered by MNOs where value is stored as a redeemable fiat- or mobile
‘airtime’-based Store of Value.
The competitive, legal, technical and regulatory nature of non-bank versus bank MFS models is discussed,
in particular the impact of banking, payments, money laundering, telecommunications, e-commerce and
consumer protection laws. Whether funding mechanisms for SVPs may amount to deposit-taking such that
entities could be engaged in the ‘business of banking’ is discussed. The continued use of ‘deposit’ as the
traditional trigger for the ‘business of banking’ is investigated, alongside whether transaction and paymentcentric
MFS rises to the ‘business of banking.’
An extensive evaluation of ‘money’ based on the Orthodox and Claim School economic theories is
undertaken in relation to SVPs used in MFS, their legal associations and import, and whether they may be
deemed ‘money’ in law.
Consumer protection for MFS and payments generally through current statute, contract, and payment law
and common law condictiones are found to be wanting. Possible regulatory arbitrage in relation to MFS in
South African law is discussed.
The legal and regulatory regimes in the European Union, Kenya and the United States of America are
compared with South Africa. The need for a coordinated payments-specific law that has consumer
protections, enables proportional risk-based licensing of new non-bank providers of MFS, and allows for a
regulator for retail payments is recommended. The use of trust companies and trust accounts is
recommended for protection of user funds.
| vi / Public, Constitutional and International Law / LLD
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Legal and regulatory aspects of mobile financial servicesPerlman, Leon Joseph 11 1900 (has links)
The thesis deals with the emergence of bank and non-bank entities that provide a range of unique
transaction-based payment services broadly called Mobile Financial Services (MFS) to unbanked,
underserved and underbanked persons via mobile phones.
Models of MFS from Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), banks, combinations of MNOs and banks, and
independent Mobile Financial Services Providers are covered. Provision by non-banks of ‘bank-type’
services via mobile phones has been termed ‘transformational banking’ versus the ‘additive banking’
services from banks. All involve the concept of ‘branchless banking’ whereby ‘cash-in/cash out’ services
are provided through ‘agents.’
Funds for MFS payments may available through a Stored Value Product (SVP), particularly through a
Stored Value Account SVP variant offered by MNOs where value is stored as a redeemable fiat- or mobile
‘airtime’-based Store of Value.
The competitive, legal, technical and regulatory nature of non-bank versus bank MFS models is discussed,
in particular the impact of banking, payments, money laundering, telecommunications, e-commerce and
consumer protection laws. Whether funding mechanisms for SVPs may amount to deposit-taking such that
entities could be engaged in the ‘business of banking’ is discussed. The continued use of ‘deposit’ as the
traditional trigger for the ‘business of banking’ is investigated, alongside whether transaction and paymentcentric
MFS rises to the ‘business of banking.’
An extensive evaluation of ‘money’ based on the Orthodox and Claim School economic theories is
undertaken in relation to SVPs used in MFS, their legal associations and import, and whether they may be
deemed ‘money’ in law.
Consumer protection for MFS and payments generally through current statute, contract, and payment law
and common law condictiones are found to be wanting. Possible regulatory arbitrage in relation to MFS in
South African law is discussed.
The legal and regulatory regimes in the European Union, Kenya and the United States of America are
compared with South Africa. The need for a coordinated payments-specific law that has consumer
protections, enables proportional risk-based licensing of new non-bank providers of MFS, and allows for a
regulator for retail payments is recommended. The use of trust companies and trust accounts is
recommended for protection of user funds.
| vi / Public, Constitutional and International Law / LL. D.
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