Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:13:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5616.pdf: 1508785 bytes, checksum: 8acab0472b6c2fd5a1f8198609215bef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-26 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / In The interpretation of dreams, Freud presents a rich material of dream analyses, which is articulated with the establishment of general theses about the dream, leading into the metapsychological formulations about the psychic apparatus carried out in the seventh and last chapter. With the purpose of investigating the relations between singularity and universality that are characterized in the book, we have distinguished, among these three epistemic planes, two moments where it is constituted, in which one of them, a relation between two of those planes. In the first moment, we have analyzed the relation that finds itself in the domain between one dream and all dreams, i.e., between the detailed analysis of a singular dream and the general theses about the dream. We have identified that in the articulation between these two terms Freud makes use of the profound analysis of singular cases, taken as exemplar cases that present more clearly a determinate general characteristic of dream, but he also extends himself in brief analyses of various dreams, dwelling on the plurality of experience that articulates itself to a general thesis. In a second moment we have analyzed the relations that are at stake when we take the dream as one psychic formation among others, establishing epistemic relations with the psychopathological formations and with the psychic apparatus, which should be responsible for all psychic formations. While Freud initially intends to base the explication of psychopathological formations in the explication of dream, this epistemic order is inverted, in so far as it is based on the psychology of neurosis that he is going to justify the universality of the presence of the infantile desire on dream. In the same way, while a first reading that tried to understand the schema of the psychic apparatus only based on the interpretation of dreams would find its limit, it is necessary to recognize that there is a reciprocal subordination between the interpretation and the metapsychological explanation, as asserted by Monzani. / Em A interpretação dos sonhos, Freud apresenta um rico material de análises de sonhos, que se articula ao estabelecimento de teses gerais sobre o sonho, vindo a desembocar, no sétimo e último capítulo, nas formulações metapsicológicas acerca do aparelho psíquico. Com o propósito de investigar as relações entre singularidade e universalidade que se configuram na obra, distinguimos, entre estes três planos epistêmicos, dois momentos onde se constitui, em cada um deles, uma relação entre dois daqueles planos. Em um primeiro momento, analisamos a relação que se situa no domínio entre um sonho e todos os sonhos, isto é, entre a análise pormenorizada de um sonho singular e as teses gerais sobre o sonho. Identificamos que, na articulação entre estes dois termos, Freud lança mão da análise em profundidade de casos singulares, tomados como casos exemplares que apresentam mais claramente certa característica geral do sonho, mas também se prolonga em análises breves de diversos sonhos, estendendo-se na pluralidade da experiência que se articula a uma tese geral. Em um segundo momento, analisamos as relações postas em jogo quando se toma o sonho em geral como uma formação psíquica singular, entre outras, estabelecendo relações epistêmicas com as formações psicopatológicas e com o aparelho psíquico, este que deveria ser, no limite, responsável por todas as formações psíquicas. Enquanto Freud se propõe, inicialmente, a fundamentar a explicação das formações psicopatológicas na explicação do sonho, essa ordem epistêmica é invertida, na medida em que é a partir da psicologia das neuroses que ele vai justificar a universalidade da presença do desejo infantil no sonho. Do mesmo modo, enquanto uma primeira leitura que tentasse derivar o esquema do aparelho psíquico apenas da interpretação de sonhos encontraria o seu limite, é preciso reconhecer que há uma subordinação recíproca entre a interpretação e a explicação metapsicológica, como afirma Monzani.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-03T12:59:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alanaadaesdegouvea.pdf: 1119795 bytes, checksum: 2ad8c960d9e73e61f5e6a9c75b28625e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-03T19:05:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alanaadaesdegouvea.pdf: 1119795 bytes, checksum: 2ad8c960d9e73e61f5e6a9c75b28625e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-03T19:05:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alanaadaesdegouvea.pdf: 1119795 bytes, checksum: 2ad8c960d9e73e61f5e6a9c75b28625e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / A presente pesquisa pretende fazer um exame da obra Inocência, de Visconde de Taunay. Tal análise se apoia nos conceitos de espaço, como proposto pela fenomenologia de Gaston Bachelard e de hospitalidade, conforme o pensamento de Jacques Derrida. Esta investigação busca, portanto, demorar-se sobre a casa, enxergando-a como um espaço que sugere identidade ao ser humano e que está intimamente ligado à hospitalidade como ato que pressupõe o oferecimento de si e que torna a casa um canto do mundo. Como refletem Gaston Bachelard e Emmanuel Levinas, sua posse e uso transitam entre os sonhos e as necessidades não gerando, necessariamente, a intimidade do acolhimento. A partir do momento em que se considera que o texto literário é um dos lugares privilegiados dos estudos na busca da compreensão dos conflitos e das dúvidas que acometem o ser humano, essa pesquisa almeja evidenciar as peculiaridades e atualidades dos registros de Taunay, visualizando a casa do mineiro, os seus atrativos e os seus segredos. Assim, a partir do regional procura-se chegar a uma percepção do que se pode chamar de casa universal. Além disso, os seus cantos e (des)encantos, as suas características, os estranhamentos que acontecem quando nela se recebe o outro, oferecem as mais intrincadas e diversificadas simbologias. Isso porque a casa, embora fechada em si mesma, está aberta para o mundo, realçando o contraste entre o dentro e o fora, o eu e o outro, as partidas e chegadas. No que concerne a uma conceituação da hospitalidade frente a uma realidade de ontem e de hoje, pode-se demonstrar as incertezas do próprio conceito, a sua ambiguidade, a sua incondicionalidade e as suas consequências no trato público e pessoal das convivências e dos preceitos sociais. É nessa direção que o presente exame tem o seu lugar, qual seja, uma leitura de Inocência, buscando entender melhor o referencial da habitação, considerando as hipóteses apresentadas e contribuindo para o crescimento do acervo crítico de Visconde de Taunay. / The present research aims at making a study of the work Inocência, of Viscount of Taunay. This analysis is based on the concepts of space, as proposed by Gaston Bachelard's phenomenology and hospitality, according to the thinking of Jacques Derrida. This investigation, therefore, seeks to ponder over the house, seeing it as a space that suggests identity to the human being and that is intimately connected to hospitality as an act that presupposes the offering of oneself and that makes the house a corner of the world. As Gaston Bachelard and Emmanuel Levinas reflect, the possession and use of this place pass between dreams and needs, not necessarily generating the intimacy in the the reception. Since the literary text is considered to be one of the privileged places of studies in the search for an understanding of the conflicts and doubts that affect the human being, this research aims to highlight the peculiarities and the current features of the observations of Taunay , visualizing the house of Minas, its attractions and its secrets. So, starting out from the regional, one seeks to arrive at a perception of what can be called the universal house. In addition to this, the charms and the limitations, the characteristics and the strangeness that happens when they receive the other, offer the most intricate and diversified symbolisms. This is because the house, although closed in on itself, is open to the world, highlighting the contrast between inside and outside, self and other, departures and arrivals. With regard to a conceptualization of hospitality in the face of the reality of yesterday and today, one can demonstrate the uncertainties of the the concept itself, its ambiguity, its unconditionality and its consequences in the public and personal treatment of coexistence and of social precepts. It is in this direction then that the present examination takes its place, that is, a reading of Inocência, seeking to better understand the referential of the house, considering the hypotheses presented and contributing to the growth of the critical collection of the Viscount of Taunay.

This thesis aims at describing how the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is reflected in the overall operation of the Non-Governmental Organizations and government agencies working with children in street situations in Bangkok, Thailand. It describes children in different street situations in Bangkok; intervention approaches and working methods of the agencies that provide the services for them as well as similarities and differences in each group of the children. As the CRC sets a framework for interventions concerning children, it was interesting to explore whether the practitioners in Bangkok apply the convention in their interventions. This is a descriptive research applying the qualitative data collection methods by which literature review was conducted and semi-structure interviews were carried out according to a written interview guide with professionals represented NGOs and government agencies who directly work with children in street situations, followed by a deductive content analysis of the transcribed interview texts. The field observations were conducted in different areas of Bangkok in order to understand the working environments of the organizations and the conditions of the children. The findings revealfour groups of children in street situations in Bangkok with one being migrants. Their dwelling areas are determined by its socio-economic activities while the livelihoods of each group of children are different. In order to respond to their situations and promote as well as protect their rights, the NGOs and government agencies coordinate in a Network for Street Children in responding to their situations through a Street Teacher Approach. They conduct street/community outreach and responsive actions aiming at protecting, advocating for rights to education, eliminating child labor exploitation, being their significant other,facilitating durable repatriation for migrant children in street situations etc. The rights concept is universal but the childhood concept is culturally relative. The actors in Bangkok bridge the two concepts by taking the situation and the best interest of the child into consideration: they prioritize the child’s well-being which entails rights protection and promotion.

Cette thèse explore plusieurs sujets fondamentaux pour les circuits mésoscopiques qui incorporent un faible nombre de canaux de conduction électroniques. Les premières expériences concernent le caractère quantifié (discret) de la charge dans les circuits. Nous démontrons le critère de quantification de la charge, nous observons la loi d’échelle prédite pour cette quantification ainsi qu’une transition vers comportement universel à mesure que la température augmente. Le second ensemble d’expériences concerne la physique critique quantique non-conventionnelle qui émerge du modèle Kondo à multi-canaux. Par l’implémentation d’une impureté Kondo avec un pseudo-spin de valeur ½ constitué de deux états de charge dégénérés d’un circuit, nous explorons la physique Kondo à deux- et trois-canaux. Au point critique quantique symétrique, nous observons les points fixes Kondo universels prédits, des exposants universels de lois d’échelle et nous validons les courbes complètes obtenues par le groupe de renormalisation numérique. En s’écartant du point critique quantique, nous explorons la transition depuis la zone critique quantique : par une visualisation directe du development d’une transition de phase quantique, par l’espace des paramètres de la zone critique quantique ainsi que par les comportements d’universalité et d’échelle. / This thesis explores several fundamental topics in mesoscopic circuitry that incorporates few electronic conduction channels. The first experiments address the quantized character (the discreteness) of charge in circuits. We demonstrate the charge quantization criterion, observe the predicted charge quantization scaling and demonstrate a crossover toward a universal behavior as temperature is increased. The second set of experiments addresses the unconventional quantum critical physics that arises in the multichannel Kondo model. By implementing a Kondo impurity with a pseudo-spin of ½ constituted by two degenerate charge states of a circuit, we explore the two- and three-channel Kondo physics. At the symmetric quantum critical point, we observe the predicted universal Kondo fixed points, scaling exponents and validate the full numerical renormalization group scaling curves. Away from the quantum critical point, we explore the crossover from quantum criticality: direct visualization of the development of a quantum phase transition, the parameter space for quantum criticality, as well as universality and scaling behaviors.

No description available.

Les courants neutres changeant la saveur b -> sl⁺l⁻ ne sont autorisés dans le Modèle Standard (MS) qu'au niveau des boucles.Par conséquent, ils sont sensibles aux éventuels effets de la Nouvelle Physique (NP) au-delà du MS.Dans le MS, les transitions b -> se⁺e⁻ et b -> sμ⁺μ⁻ ont la même probabilité, cette propriété est appelée l'universalité du couplage aux leptons (UL).Tester l'UL dans les désintégrations de hadrons beaux a récemment été un domaine prometteur pour les recherches de NP. Des tensions par rapport aux prédictions du MS, de l'ordre de 2,5 déviations standards, ont été observées dans les désintégrations rares B -> K(*) l⁺l ⁻. À ce jour, les tests de l'UL ont été effectués uniquement sur des désintégrations de mesons beaux.Cette thèse présente un premier test de la UL dans la désintégration rare du baryon Lambdab -> pK l⁺l⁻ , en utilisant les données collectées par l'expérience LHCb au CERN en 2011, 2012 et 2016. La sensibilité statistique attendue est d'environ 15%, tandis que la valeur centrale reste aveuglée.La première mesure du rapport de branchement de la désintégration Lambdab -> pKμ⁺μ⁻ est effectuée avec une précision statistique de 5,3%.En outre, cette thèse présente la première observation de la désintégration Lambdab -> pKe⁺e ⁻ , ainsi que la mesure de son rapport de branchement.Enfin, la désintégration Xib0 -> pKJ/ψ est observée et étudiée pour la première fois. / Flavor-changing neutral-current b ->sl⁺l⁻ transitions are forbidden at tree level in the Standard Model (SM), and can only occur at loop level. Therefore, they are sensitive to possible New Physics (NP) effects beyond the SM. In the SM, the transitions b ->se⁺e⁻ and b -> sμ⁺μ⁻ have the same probability to happen, this property is called lepton universality (LU). Probing LU in b-hadron decays has been recently a promising area for NP searches. Tensions with respect to the SM predictions at the level of about 2.5 standard deviations have been observed in rare B -> K(*)l⁺l ⁻ decays. To date, tests of LU have been performed only in decays of b-mesons.This thesis presents a first test of the LU in rare b-baryon decays Lambdab -> pK l⁺l⁻ using the data collected by the LHCb experiment at CERN, during 2011, 2012 and 2016 data-taking periods. The expected statistical sensitivity is about 15%, while the central value remains blind at the moment. The first measurement of the branching fraction of the decay Lambdab -> pKμ⁺μ⁻ is performed with the statistical precision of 5.3%.In addition, this thesis presents the first observation of the Lambdab -> pKe⁺e ⁻ decay, and the measurement of its branching fraction.Finally, a suppressed decay Xib0 -> pKJ/ψ is observed and studied for the first time.

En raison de ses enjeux sociétaux, économiques et culturels, l’intelligence artificielle (dénotée IA) est aujourd’hui un sujet d’actualité très populaire. L’un de ses principaux objectifs est de développer des systèmes qui facilitent la vie quotidienne de l’homme, par le biais d’applications telles que les robots domestiques, les robots industriels, les véhicules autonomes et bien plus encore. La montée en popularité de l’IA est fortement due à l’émergence d’outils basés sur des réseaux de neurones profonds qui permettent d’apprendre simultanément, la représentation des données (qui était traditionnellement conçue à la main), et la tâche à résoudre (qui était traditionnellement apprise à l’aide de modèles d’apprentissage automatique). Ceci résulte de la conjonction des avancées théoriques, de la capacité de calcul croissante ainsi que de la disponibilité de nombreuses données annotées. Un objectif de longue date de l’IA est de concevoir des machines inspirées des humains, capables de percevoir le monde, d’interagir avec les humains, et tout ceci de manière évolutive (c’est `a dire en améliorant constamment la capacité de perception du monde et d’interaction avec les humains). Bien que l’IA soit un domaine beaucoup plus vaste, nous nous intéressons dans cette thèse, uniquement à l’IA basée apprentissage (qui est l’une des plus performante, à ce jour). Celle-ci consiste `a l’apprentissage d’un modèle qui une fois appris résoud une certaine tâche, et est généralement composée de deux sous-modules, l’un représentant la donnée (nommé ”représentation”) et l’autre prenant des décisions (nommé ”résolution de tâche”). Nous catégorisons, dans cette thèse, les travaux autour de l’IA, dans les deux approches d’apprentissage suivantes : (i) Spécialisation : apprendre des représentations à partir de quelques tâches spécifiques dans le but de pouvoir effectuer des tâches très spécifiques (spécialisées dans un certain domaine) avec un très bon niveau de performance; ii) Universalité : apprendre des représentations à partir de plusieurs tâches générales dans le but d’accomplir autant de tâches que possible dansdifférents contextes. Alors que la spécialisation a été largement explorée par la communauté de l’apprentissage profond, seules quelques tentatives implicites ont été réalisée vers la seconde catégorie, à savoir, l’universalité. Ainsi, le but de cette thèse est d’aborder explicitement le problème de l’amélioration de l’universalité des représentations avec des méthodes d’apprentissage profond, pour les données d’image et de texte. [...] / Because of its key societal, economic and cultural stakes, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a hot topic. One of its main goal, is to develop systems that facilitates the daily life of humans, with applications such as household robots, industrial robots, autonomous vehicle and much more. The rise of AI is highly due to the emergence of tools based on deep neural-networks which make it possible to simultaneously learn, the representation of the data (which were traditionally hand-crafted), and the task to solve (traditionally learned with statistical models). This resulted from the conjunction of theoretical advances, the growing computational capacity as well as the availability of many annotated data. A long standing goal of AI is to design machines inspired humans, capable of perceiving the world, interacting with humans, in an evolutionary way. We categorize, in this Thesis, the works around AI, in the two following learning-approaches: (i) Specialization: learn representations from few specific tasks with the goal to be able to carry out very specific tasks (specialized in a certain field) with a very good level of performance; (ii) Universality: learn representations from several general tasks with the goal to perform as many tasks as possible in different contexts. While specialization was extensively explored by the deep-learning community, only a few implicit attempts were made towards universality. Thus, the goal of this Thesis is to explicitly address the problem of improving universality with deep-learning methods, for image and text data. We have addressed this topic of universality in two different forms: through the implementation of methods to improve universality (“universalizing methods”); and through the establishment of a protocol to quantify its universality. Concerning universalizing methods, we proposed three technical contributions: (i) in a context of large semantic representations, we proposed a method to reduce redundancy between the detectors through, an adaptive thresholding and the relations between concepts; (ii) in the context of neural-network representations, we proposed an approach that increases the number of detectors without increasing the amount of annotated data; (iii) in a context of multimodal representations, we proposed a method to preserve the semantics of unimodal representations in multimodal ones. Regarding the quantification of universality, we proposed to evaluate universalizing methods in a Transferlearning scheme. Indeed, this technical scheme is relevant to assess the universal ability of representations. This also led us to propose a new framework as well as new quantitative evaluation criteria for universalizing methods.

No description available.

Non-equilibrium surface growth for competitive growth models in (1+1) dimensions, particularly mixing random deposition (RD) with correlated growth process which occur with probability $p$ are studied. The composite mixtures are found to be in the universality class of the correlated growth process, and a nonuniversal exponent $\delta$ is identified in the scaling in $p$. The only effects of the RD admixture are dilations of the time and height scales which result in a slowdown of the dynamics of building up the correlations. The bulk morphology is taken into account and is reflected in the surface roughening, as well as the scaling behavior. It is found that the continuum equations and scaling laws for RD added, in particular, to Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) processes are partly determined from the underlying bulk structures. Nonequilibrium surface growth analysis are also applied to a study of the static and dynamic load balancing for a conservative update algorithm for Parallel Discrete Event Simulations (PDES). This load balancing is governed by the KPZ equation. For uneven load distributions in conservative PDES simulations, the simulated (virtual) time horizon (VTH) per Processing Element (PE) and the imulated time horizon per volume element $N_{v}$ are used to study the PEs progress in terms of utilization. The width of these time horizons relates to the desynchronization of the system of processors, and is related to the memory requirements of the PEs. The utilization increases when the dynamic, rather than static, load balancing is performed.

In systems of ultracold atoms,  the  quantum  Efimov  effect  can  appear where identical bosons form an infinite tower of bound trimer states in the resonant limit, at the bound dimer dissociation threshold. The most characteristic feature of this effect is that their energy spectrum obey a geometric scaling law, which is universal in the sense that it emerges irrespective of the nature of the two body forces. Using  a  model  potential,  constructed  to  resemble the two body interaction between alkali atoms,  which was  fine tuned to control the  scattering  length,  energy  eigenvalues  for  the  two-  and  threebody problem were calculated numerically. The results where  fitted  to  the analytic theory and the appearance of the first Efimov state was positioned at a scattering length of -9.23rvdW , which is in good  agreement  with  the universal value -9.2rvdW . / I system av ultrakalla atomer kan en kvanteffekt, kallad Efimoveffekt, uppkomma  där  identiska  bosoner  bildar  ett  oändligt  torn  av  bundna  trekroppstillstånd då spridningslängden går mot oändligheten, vid dissociationströskeln för en svagt bunden dimer.  Det mest utmärkande för denna effekt är att Efimovtillståndens energispektrum följer en geometrisk skalningslag, som är universell i den meningen att den framträder oberoende av hur atomernas parvisa växelverkan ser ut.  Med hjälp av en modellpotential som konstruerats för att efterlikna den parvisa växelverkan mellan två alkaliatomer finjusterades spridningslängden.  Energiegenvärdena för två- och tre-kropps problemen  beräknades  numeriskt  vid  olika  spridningslängder.   Resultaten jämfördes  med  den  analytiska  teorin  och  den  första  tre-kroppsresonansen uppkom  vid  spridningslängden  -9.23rvdW ,  vilket  överenstämmer  med  det experimentellt funna universella värdet -9.2rvdW .