<p>Statistik från Skolverket (2006) visar att ungefär var femte elev i Upplands-Bro Kommun inte klarar det nationella ämnesprovet i svenska för skolår 5. Då vi har vår verksamhetsförlagda utbildning i denna kommun blev vi nyfikna på att undersöka detta närmare. Vi valde att utgå från ett lärarperspektiv och en lokal bild av lärarnas uppfattningar av det nationella ämnesprovet i svenska och hur de arbetar för att komma åt problemet. För att ta reda på det använde vi oss av intervjuer med åtta behöriga lärare. Vår studie utgår från två frågeställningar: Vilka faktorer kan enligt lärarna i Upplands-Bro Kommun påverka att en elev inte når de nationella målen i svenska? Vilka målstrategier har lärarna i Upplands-Bro Kommun för att eleverna ska uppnå de nationella målen? Med hjälp av teoretisk litteratur formas vår bakgrundsdel, med utgångspunkt från Skolverkets rapport (2001), ”Utan fullständiga betyg”, Bronfenbrenners utvecklingsekologiska teori, målen i svenska, det nationella ämnesprovens bakgrund och syfte, skolans ansvar och styrdokument och delar ur dagens skoldebatt. Resultatet av denna undersökning visar att samtliga respondenter anser att de aktivt arbetar mot målen i svenska, men det framkommer att vägen dit ser olika ut. Det finns heller inte någon enhetlig samsyn när det gäller uppfattningar av det nationella ämnesprovet vilket är intressant då det nationella ämnesprovet ska säkra elevernas rätt till en likvärdig utbildning över hela landet. Med denna skillnad i en och samma kommun kan man undra hur det kan skilja sig i hela riket.</p><p>Statistics from The National Agency for Education shows that one out of five pupils in the municipality of Upplands-Bro does not achieve their objectives in fifth grade. Since we have our practical (teacher) training in this municipality we got curious to examine this issue closer. We chose to start from teachers’ perspective and a local picture of teachers’ understandings of the national test in Swedish and also how they work to get hold of the problem. To find out we interviewed eight qualified teachers. Our study starts from two main questions at issue: What factors can, according to the teachers in the municipality of Upplands-Bro, affect a pupil to not achieve the national objectives in Swedish? What strategies do the teachers in the municipality of Upplands-Bro use to get their pupils to achieve the national objectives? With theoretical literature our background takes form, with a start from The National Agency for Education rapport (2001) ”Utan fullständiga betyg”, the Ecological Systems Theory of Bronfenbrenner, the objectives in Swedish, the national tests background and purpose, the schools responsibility and policy and parts from today’s school debate. The results from this study show that all of our respondents think that they work active towards the objectives in Swedish, but it come to light that the course of action tell apart. There is no homogeneous view regarding the understandings of the national test which is rather interesting since the national test is suppose to guarantee the pupils right to an equivalent education all over the country. With this different within a municipality, you can wonder how much it can differ in the whole nation.</p>

Statistik från Skolverket (2006) visar att ungefär var femte elev i Upplands-Bro Kommun inte klarar det nationella ämnesprovet i svenska för skolår 5. Då vi har vår verksamhetsförlagda utbildning i denna kommun blev vi nyfikna på att undersöka detta närmare. Vi valde att utgå från ett lärarperspektiv och en lokal bild av lärarnas uppfattningar av det nationella ämnesprovet i svenska och hur de arbetar för att komma åt problemet. För att ta reda på det använde vi oss av intervjuer med åtta behöriga lärare. Vår studie utgår från två frågeställningar: Vilka faktorer kan enligt lärarna i Upplands-Bro Kommun påverka att en elev inte når de nationella målen i svenska? Vilka målstrategier har lärarna i Upplands-Bro Kommun för att eleverna ska uppnå de nationella målen? Med hjälp av teoretisk litteratur formas vår bakgrundsdel, med utgångspunkt från Skolverkets rapport (2001), ”Utan fullständiga betyg”, Bronfenbrenners utvecklingsekologiska teori, målen i svenska, det nationella ämnesprovens bakgrund och syfte, skolans ansvar och styrdokument och delar ur dagens skoldebatt. Resultatet av denna undersökning visar att samtliga respondenter anser att de aktivt arbetar mot målen i svenska, men det framkommer att vägen dit ser olika ut. Det finns heller inte någon enhetlig samsyn när det gäller uppfattningar av det nationella ämnesprovet vilket är intressant då det nationella ämnesprovet ska säkra elevernas rätt till en likvärdig utbildning över hela landet. Med denna skillnad i en och samma kommun kan man undra hur det kan skilja sig i hela riket. Statistics from The National Agency for Education shows that one out of five pupils in the municipality of Upplands-Bro does not achieve their objectives in fifth grade. Since we have our practical (teacher) training in this municipality we got curious to examine this issue closer. We chose to start from teachers’ perspective and a local picture of teachers’ understandings of the national test in Swedish and also how they work to get hold of the problem. To find out we interviewed eight qualified teachers. Our study starts from two main questions at issue: What factors can, according to the teachers in the municipality of Upplands-Bro, affect a pupil to not achieve the national objectives in Swedish? What strategies do the teachers in the municipality of Upplands-Bro use to get their pupils to achieve the national objectives? With theoretical literature our background takes form, with a start from The National Agency for Education rapport (2001) ”Utan fullständiga betyg”, the Ecological Systems Theory of Bronfenbrenner, the objectives in Swedish, the national tests background and purpose, the schools responsibility and policy and parts from today’s school debate. The results from this study show that all of our respondents think that they work active towards the objectives in Swedish, but it come to light that the course of action tell apart. There is no homogeneous view regarding the understandings of the national test which is rather interesting since the national test is suppose to guarantee the pupils right to an equivalent education all over the country. With this different within a municipality, you can wonder how much it can differ in the whole nation.

Shoreland protection is an important issue in today's urban planning and aims to ensure long-term public access to coastal protection areas while maintaining good living conditions for animals and plants. Shoreland protection was introduced in the 1950s to protect the coasts, and the shoreland protection zone includes both land and water. Shoreland protection  zones generally extend 100 meters inland and 100 meters out into the water from the shoreline, but can be extended to 300 meters. Despite this, an increasing trend of granted exemptions from shoreland protection has been observed. A new report from the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation points out that 93% of the 693 applications for exemption reviewed in 13 exemptions were granted. This has resulted in more than a third of the Swedish coast being exploited, which can negatively affect the natural environment and the conditions for public access to shorelandareas.    This thesis is conducted in collaboration with the municipality of Upplands-Bro, with the aim of comparing and analyzing building permit documents and shoreland protection exemptions. Methods used to answer the study's research questions and problem formulation consist of interviews, literature studies, and an analysis of building permit applications in shoreland  protected areas in the municipality of Upplands-Bro.    Factors such as the placement of the operation, the degree of detail in the drawings, and its impact on the water environment have been identified as decisive for whether an application is approved or rejected. However, the study shows that the decision-making process is not entirely predictable and is also influenced by other factors, such as political agendas.    The results indicate that in order to create a more predictable and fair decision-making process, a strengthening of the current regulations and increased supervision from the County Administrative Board is needed to ensure that the legislation is followed consistently. This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on the application of shoreland protection and provides concrete suggestions on how the process can be improved.

Bro is an urban area located in Upplands-Bro municipality, Stockholm County. In 2020, the Stockholm Police conducted a security survey for all municipalities included in the Stockholm police region. The results of the survey for Upplands-Bro municipality show that many residents feel insecure about the risk of being exposed to crime. The residents experience that the feeling of insecurity is at its highest in Bro. The thesis is limited to investigating this in nine public spaces in central Bro. The purpose is to investigate whether previously crime-prone public spaces in built-up environments can evoke experiences of insecurity in people, despite their unawareness that they are old crime scenes. If people experience insecurity, the thesis aims to investigate which crime prevention measures can be applied in the design of public spaces to increase their security experiences there. In the essay, the student is named as the "investigator". The approach to the thesis applies several different methods. A safety survey is the thesis' main method, while a safety walk (method combination) is the secondary one. Initially, site analyzes are used as feasibility studies to carry out several site visits in the nine public spaces. (1) The first site visit is made to get to know the existing conditions of the sites and to create an overall picture. At the same time, the places are photographed in daylight. (2) Site visit no. 2 is made to photograph the sites in the evening darkness. (3) During the third site visit, the investigator conducts a safety walk, where a focus group of eight members (excluding the investigator) consisting of residents in Bro, is invited for interviews in the field. The intention with this is to take part in their experiences if the places feel unsafe and if there is a need for crime prevention measures to achieve increased security. (4) Site visit no. 4 is made to study in detail the spatial properties of the sites on the basis that the focus group has identified “insecurity problems” that are most in need of crime prevention measures for increased security. The crime prevention measures in the thesis include: (1) increased care of the outdoor environment, cutting shrubs and trees, (2) repairing broken materials, repainting, (3) removal of damage, graffiti and debris, (4) increased lighting, (5) to open up the site, remove dark spaces/hiding places, (6) increase the view of the site from buildings or through direct human supervision, (7) to add electrical safety systems such as camera surveillance/alarm/gate code or fences around the site. A safety survey is conducted with the intention of reaching out to all residents in the urban area of Bro. The survey mainly asks questions about: (1) how they experience security at the nine sites and (2) whether the sites need to be changed for increased security there, which creates a need for crime prevention measures. The questionnaire is sent out in collaboration with Upplands-Bro municipality's Street / Park / Traffic department and 247 locals answer the questionnaire. However, the response rate does not correspond to all of Bros' urban residents, which the investigator is aware of. To include all residents, the investigator has not requested biological sex or age in all methods. Thus, the investigator has disregarded what a possible distribution of answers between women and men or different age groups can look like. The answers from the safety walk and the survey are analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The method results are made visible in the form of photographs and diagrams with accompanying descriptive text about the results with the highest percentage that are perceived to be most prominent. The results are then visualized in an insecurity map, a form of heat map. The insecurity map is compared with the crime scene map to see if there is a connection between “unsafe places” and “previous crime scenes” in a combined map. In the analysis, the survey results are interpreted through the thesis' theoretical perspective and validated against the outcome of the safety walk. Based on the analysis, the investigator reads out what crime prevention measures residents point out to achieve increased security in the "unsafe places". Then the results are discussed and how they fulfill the purpose of the essay and answer the problem formulation and the questions. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for future studies are presented.