No description available.

Le concept d’identité urbaine alimente de nombreuses rencontres où chercheurs, politiciens et médias s’interrogent sur notre sentiment de citoyenneté, d’appartenance au lieu, et sur leur contribution à une vie collective meilleure. Ainsi en est-il des beffrois communaux du Nord de la France, symboles identitaires, revendiqués par toute une région, auxquels cette thèse est consacrée. Nous procédons à une analyse médiationnelle et communicationnelle de ces tours, dans le dessein d’expliciter les dispositifs mis en place pour leur valorisation. Nous consacrons un premier volet au contexte historique et spatial, au réveil occidental du XIIe siècle. Nous expliquons ainsi comment cette architecture publique s’est toujours affirmée comme l’expression d’une société, d’une époque, de lieux. La dimension plurielle de ces bâtiments publics nous sembla justifier la pertinence d’une approche interdisciplinaire. Nous convoquons donc dans un deuxième chapitre plusieurs disciplines, philosophique, phénoménologique et sociohistorique. Toutefois, la problématique de l’ « investissement sémantique » de lieux identitaires nous encouragea à une « médiation sémiotique ». La finalité est de mettre en évidence les valeurs signifiantes de ces réalisations architecturales, et de s’interroger, dans un troisième temps, sur la contribution du beffroi à la création de l’identité urbaine de la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais dont il est devenu un symbole iconique. Problématique justifiant une dernière partie consacrée aux médiations diverses dont les beffrois ont été, et sont toujours l’objet et qui influencent notre regard, au travail de mémoire.Nous formalisons en conclusion des réponses validées par notre modèle d’analyse, notre ambition étant de pouvoir à terme le rendre exploitable, sous forme d’aide à la conception et la mise en œuvre de dispositifs informationnels et médiationnels. / The concept of urban identity feeds from many meetings where enquiring, politicking and media wonder about our feeling of citizenship, membership of the place, and on their contribution to a better collective life. Thus it is communal belfries of the North of France, identity symbols, asserted by a whole area, to which this thesis is devoted. We carry out a mediationnal and communication analysis of these turns, in the intention of clarifying the devices set up for their valorization. We devote a first chapter to the historical and space context, the awakening of occident in the XIIth century. We explain thus how this public architecture always affirmed itself as the expression of a whole society, of a time, of places.The plural dimension of these public buildings seemed to us to justify the relevance of an interdisciplinary approach. We thus convene in a second chapter several disciplines, philosophical, phenomenologic and sociohistoric. However, the problems of the "semantic investment" of identity places encouraged us with a "semiotic mediation". The finality is to highlight the meaning values of these architectural achievements, and to wonder, in the third time, about the contribution of the belfry to the creation of the urban identity of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais area of which it became an iconic symbol. Problems justifying a last part devoted to the various mediations whose belfries were, and are always the object and who influence our glance, with the work of memory. We formalize in conclusion of the answers validated by our model of analysis, our ambition being of in the long term being able to make it exploitable, in the form of assistance with the design and the implementation of informational and mediationnal devices.

Most research on place in retailing and marketing examines retail atmospherics, spectacular consumption, third spaces and logistics. This study lies at the confluence of retailing, marketing, and geography, and focuses on the city as the product consumed by its residents. The study seeks to examine the degree to which the retail landscape of a city affects the residents' perceived value of the city, their urban identity, and ultimately, their willingness-to-pay to live there. In order to answer this question, this study utilized mixed research methods consisting of a survey, based on several adapted existing perceived value scales; an urban identity scale; a willingness-to-pay scale; as well as archival geodata used to map the existing and perceived retail landscapes of Tucson and San Francisco–the two cities of interest in this study. These two cities were chosen because they are on opposite ends of a spectrum of US cities that includes cost of living and median income, among other variables. Results show that perceived value of the city and urban identity are very highly correlated and suggest the existence of a new construct. While the retail landscape in Tucson tends to have a positive effect on residents' affective responses to living there, there results are not statistically significant. The relatively low cost of living may play a role in these expectations. Residents accept the existing retail landscape and tend to make do with the options available. In San Francisco, because residents already pay a premium to live there, the retail landscape plays a more statistically significant role in residents' affective responses to living there. These results are important to retailers and marketers because retail expenditures form a large part of the tax revenue a city earns each year. If residents are unhappy with their retail patronage options, they may spend money elsewhere resulting in a decreased tax base from which to run the city.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a análise das condições contemporâneas de preservação de áreas com importância histórico-cultural, discutindo os sentidos do conceito de identidade e memória, dentro das tendências atuais de renovação urbana pela atuação do mercado ou do Estado. Um segmento da Avenida Conselheiro Nébias, em Santos, cujos quarteirões apresentam algumas edificações remanescentes da passagem do século XIX para o XX, período em que Santos se firmou como maior porto de exportação brasileiro, encontra-se em iminente ameaça e é objeto de estudo representativo desta problemática. Esse eixo, que conduziu o desenvolvimento da cidade, alcançou grande prestígio por se tornar local de moradia da elite comercial, política e dos profissionais ligados à economia do café que tentavam fugir do caos em que a cidade havia se transformado. Nas primeiras décadas do século XX, o trecho sofreu grande desvalorização após a migração dessas camadas abastadas para a orla, passando a ser ocupado por uma população de baixa renda da qual faziam parte portuários e operários, além de exescravos e imigrantes. As disposições do Plano Diretor de 1998 parecem conduzir para verticalização da área, o que pode resultar não só na expulsão da sua atual população, sob processo de gentrificação ou elitização, como também podem apagar vestígios capazes de reavivar a memória pública sobre uma região tão importante para a história santista, paulista e brasileira. Sendo assim, o trabalho defende sua preservação diante do valor cultural e histórico materializado nas suas construções, ao mesmo tempo em que alerta sobre as ameaças das atuais estratégias de gestão urbana. / The following research intends to analyze the contemporary conditions for preserving areas with historical and cultural significance, arguing the concepts of identity and memory, within the current trends of urban renewal by the performance of the market or the state. A segment of the Conselheiro Nébias Avenue, in Santos, whose building blocks have some remnants of the passage of the nineteenth century for the twentieth, period in which Santos was signed as bigger port of Brazilian exports, is in imminent threat and is an illustrative case study of this problem. This axle, which effectively led the development of the city, it reached great prestige for becoming place of residence of the comercial, political and professional elite linked to the coffee economy who tried to run away from the chaos that was taking over the city. In the first decades of the twentieth century, this part of the avenue suffered urban devaluation after that rich people migrated to the edge, being occupied by a low-income population, which were workers of the port, besides former slaves and immigrants. The provisions of the 1998 Managing Plan seem to lead the verticalization of the área, which can result not only in the expulsion of its current population, under a gentrification process, but also can erase traces able to revive the public memory on a so important region to History of Santos, Sao Paulo and Brazil. Thus, the work ahead defends its preservation before the cultural and historical value materialized in their buildings while at the same time warning us about the threats of current strategies of urban management.

Urban identity can be defined as the intuition of the user, concerning the unique appearance of a city, which unifies environmental, historical, sociocultural, functional, and spatial values in urban space. In that sense, whether negative or positive, the impacts of the urban developments and differentiations, on physical environment and the user, cause to differ the impression about the urban space and the identity features. Bodrum town started lose its spatial, architectural, socio-cultural, functional, local values and urban identity, which were remaining before 1970s, with the wrongly planned and managed developments. In that sense, the objective of the thesis is to analyze this transformation process through the framework of urban morphology, urban functions, and meanings in urban space, and besides three study areas that were chosen in neighborhood scale are going to be analyzed considering the urban transformation that take place after 1970s within the context of planning approaches. In conclusion, some suggestions will be given to strengthen and sustain the remaining urban identity features in present time.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a análise das condições contemporâneas de preservação de áreas com importância histórico-cultural, discutindo os sentidos do conceito de identidade e memória, dentro das tendências atuais de renovação urbana pela atuação do mercado ou do Estado. Um segmento da Avenida Conselheiro Nébias, em Santos, cujos quarteirões apresentam algumas edificações remanescentes da passagem do século XIX para o XX, período em que Santos se firmou como maior porto de exportação brasileiro, encontra-se em iminente ameaça e é objeto de estudo representativo desta problemática. Esse eixo, que conduziu o desenvolvimento da cidade, alcançou grande prestígio por se tornar local de moradia da elite comercial, política e dos profissionais ligados à economia do café que tentavam fugir do caos em que a cidade havia se transformado. Nas primeiras décadas do século XX, o trecho sofreu grande desvalorização após a migração dessas camadas abastadas para a orla, passando a ser ocupado por uma população de baixa renda da qual faziam parte portuários e operários, além de exescravos e imigrantes. As disposições do Plano Diretor de 1998 parecem conduzir para verticalização da área, o que pode resultar não só na expulsão da sua atual população, sob processo de gentrificação ou elitização, como também podem apagar vestígios capazes de reavivar a memória pública sobre uma região tão importante para a história santista, paulista e brasileira. Sendo assim, o trabalho defende sua preservação diante do valor cultural e histórico materializado nas suas construções, ao mesmo tempo em que alerta sobre as ameaças das atuais estratégias de gestão urbana. / The following research intends to analyze the contemporary conditions for preserving areas with historical and cultural significance, arguing the concepts of identity and memory, within the current trends of urban renewal by the performance of the market or the state. A segment of the Conselheiro Nébias Avenue, in Santos, whose building blocks have some remnants of the passage of the nineteenth century for the twentieth, period in which Santos was signed as bigger port of Brazilian exports, is in imminent threat and is an illustrative case study of this problem. This axle, which effectively led the development of the city, it reached great prestige for becoming place of residence of the comercial, political and professional elite linked to the coffee economy who tried to run away from the chaos that was taking over the city. In the first decades of the twentieth century, this part of the avenue suffered urban devaluation after that rich people migrated to the edge, being occupied by a low-income population, which were workers of the port, besides former slaves and immigrants. The provisions of the 1998 Managing Plan seem to lead the verticalization of the área, which can result not only in the expulsion of its current population, under a gentrification process, but also can erase traces able to revive the public memory on a so important region to History of Santos, Sao Paulo and Brazil. Thus, the work ahead defends its preservation before the cultural and historical value materialized in their buildings while at the same time warning us about the threats of current strategies of urban management.

This paper aims to provide a better understanding of how female emigrants and returnees could use these as tools to achieve social mobility. The study has qualitatively investigated both text and oral sources from returnees to find reasons for emigration, effects of them regarding women's changing social contexts and results of migration, by analyzing the source material based on the concepts of rural and urban identity combined with perspectives on actors as tools for change-making processes for these women. The study has found that both external and internal factors regarding intentions with emigration, livelihoods based on business emigration, social networks and perceived identity, interact in women's perceived social mobility. The left-behind rural context creates a foundation and incentive for women to build an urban identity in the new American social context. The choice to return to the former homeland is not always a choice of its own for women, the social network exerts pressure based on old and patriarchal structures. The majority of returning women choose to settle in the rural environment they once left to care for elderly relatives. Most of them went home to Sweden with a return ticket to America and with intentions to travel back, which did not happen.    Women's identity creation is given multiple layers and changed by leaving a rural context behind and entering an urban context. Intentions, livelihoods, social networks and their own perceived identity all contribute to women's perceived identity and thus opportunities for social mobility.

Investigando aspectos da configuração e dos usos dos espaços da Praça Pádua Salles, município de Amparo S.P. no passado e no presente, além dos significados a ela atribuídos no decorrer do tempo, o trabalho busca responder em que se baseiam suas identidade e memória. Pretende construir a memória da Praça a partir de um levantamento sobre a sua história que referencia a história da cidade. Analisa, também, construções e usos da Praça no cotidiano em que ela se apresenta como espaço de convívio, lazer e cívico. No decorrer do trabalho, a Praça é analisada em relação à cidade: à sua evolução urbana, à preservação do patrimônio histórico e cultural e às estratégias atuais de desenvolvimento urbano de Amparo. Por fim, o trabalho busca sintetizar o universo de informações levantadas, indagando a identidade da Praça e apontando diretrizes de projeto para a Praça Pádua Salles do amanhã. Faz referências às noções de permanências, coração da cidade e lugar. Também, da cidade que, por suas características culturais e conformação histórica tem, no presente, sua identidade vinculada ao passado, embora seja provida de informação atual expressa por intervenções urbanas que enxergam o futuro. Portanto, da cidade que se mantém em harmonia com o ontem e o hoje, com a cultura e o ambiente local. / Investigating aspects of the past and current configurations and uses of the spaces of Praça Pádua Salles (Amparo, S.P.) as well as the significance attributed to the site over time, this work attempts to identify the basis for the squares identity and memory. It intends to reconstruct Praça Pádua Salles´s memory with a survey about its history that uses the history of the city of Amparo as a reference point. The work analyzes the constructions and uses of the square in daily life, when it appears as a space for social, recreational, and civic gatherings. As the work progresses, the square is analyzed in relation to Amparos urban evolution, the preservation of the citys historical and cultural heritages, as well as the citys current urban development strategies. Finally, the work summarizes all the information gathered and ponders upon the squares identity, suggesting guidelines for a future Praça Pádua Salles project. The work makes references to the notions of permanency, heart of a city, and site. Also, it makes reference to a city that, because of its cultural characteristics and historical conformation, has its current identity linked to the past even though it is provided with current knowledge, as shown by urban interventions that have the future in mind. The city, therefore, remains in harmony with yesterday and today, as well as with the local culture and environment.

Scholars have frequently considered the analysis of sustainable design and performance of the built fabric over the past two decades with regard to diversity, density and accessibility. They fall short of developing a holistic, systematic and objective assessment system for the analysis of the sustainable urban form. Subsequently, there is still a noticeable gap regarding the relationship between these dimensions and the patterns and the layout of built environments in the Middle East in general and in Iraq in particular. Intense and rapid economic development and urbanisation in Northern Iraq has resulted in expansive urban of built environments to accommodate the ever increasing urban population and level of activity in the city of Erbil. Architectural, planning and urban design trends at the intra-urban and neighbourhood levels indicate a state of disharmony and random physical forms that lack frameworks for understanding sustainable urban form in relation to urban patterns and layout. In this context, Accessibility, Connectivity, Compatibility, Diversity, Nodality, Density, Urban Identity, and Adaptability have been considered as analysis criteria to evaluate the sustainability of spatial patterns of urban form. The thesis aims to explore and examine the relationship between urban patterns and sustainable urban form in Erbil city in the context of sustainability through developing a customised but context-based framework for sustainable urban fabric indicators. To accomplish this, five case studies of residential projects with variable states of occupancy, completion, and social profiling have been chosen to investigate the practice of the sustainable urban form indicators. The research adopted a mixed-methodological approach, which combines quantitative and qualitative surveys of users, planners, and decision makers to enhance an understanding of the local perception of urban sustainability. A random sampling process is applied for the quantitative survey when distributing the questionnaires. The successful sample size, which was analysed, was 252 respondents. Using comparative analysis of sustainable urban form indicators in the recent local residential projects, quantitative findings have noticeably indicated significant variation in the effectiveness of indicators' performance, and consequently support the research assumption with statistical evidence that urban patterns have a significant impact on achieving sustainable urban forms in developing countries. The study concludes that the urban pattern indicator framework offers an efficient and rigorous approach that enables a credible assessment of the design strategies and planning decision-making in residential developments to achieve sustainable urban forms. These findings have evident implications for urban planners and policy makers during the design stage. The study has proposed practical planning and design guidelines which aim to enhance the local built environment.

Grâce à la politique du "Doi moi", le développement urbain au Vietnam en général et l’évolution de l’éclairage urbain en particulier ont obtenu des résultats considérables. Quelques villes vietnamiennes ont recueilli des résultats appréciables dans la création d’une identité urbaine grâce à leur politique d’éclairage. Cependant, l’éclairage de la capitale Hanoï, une ville bien appréciée pour sa richesse des patrimoines culturels et architecturaux, n’a pas encore créé une profonde impression, en particulier l’éclairage de sa fête du Millénaire qui a été une déception bien qu’il ait été pris en charge par la plus grande société de tout pays dans le domaine de l’éclairage et qu’il ait reçu une somme énorme d’investissement considérable. Dans le contexte où l’éclairage urbain se développe et devient un facteur de développement socio-économique et un bon outil de valorisation d’identité urbaine aussi, l’attirance faible de l’éclairage a fait perdre plusieurs chances d’essor à Hanoï. L’obligation de l’élaboration de l’urbanisme lumière est un grand enjeu de la ville, surtout son dernier SDAU soulève encore bien des doutes. Même si l’on peut dresser un bon document d’urbanisme lumière pour Hanoï, lequel vise à économiser de l’énergie et à limiter les impacts de l’éclairage sur l’environnement, tout en répondant aux besoins de vision et de sécurité, à la création d’identité urbaine aussi, l’éclairage de Hanoï ne pourra pas prendre son envol tant que son marché non concurrentiel et non transparent continuera à régner. / Thanks to the policy of "Doi moi", urban development in Vietnam in general and the evolution of urban lighting in particular have achieved considerable results. Some cities in Vietnam have been successful in creating an urban identity through their lighting policy. However, the lighting in the capital Hanoi, a city highly appreciated for its riches in cultural and architectural heritages, has not created any good impression. Especially, the lighting during the Millennium celebrations was such a disappointment even though it was taken care by the biggest company of the country and received an enormous amount of investment. In the context where urban lighting develops and becomes a factor of socioeconomic development and a good tool in promoting urban identity, the poor attraction of lighting contributed to the loss of several chances for development for Hanoi. The obligation of elaborating a lighting planning is a big challenge for the city, especially when the most recent city planning of Hanoi has even raised more doubts. Even if they can create a good lighting planning for Hà-Nội, one that saves energy and limits the impacts of the lighting on the environment, while meeting the needs of vision and security, one that also creates an urban identity, the lighting of Hanoi will not be able to take off as long as its uncompetitive and non-transparent market will continue to reign.