Sustainable development has been in focus since late 1980’s and the Brundtland report Our Common Future. But the lack of a detailed common definition of sustainability makes the work for a sustainable urban development difficult. This literature review examines how Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS) and Decision Support Systems (DSS) can be used as tools to help achieve sustainable urban development with focus on the environmental aspect of sustainability. By reviewing former research within the subjects of GIS, RS, DSS and sustainable urban development, the wide potential of how to use GIS, RS and DSS in urban planning are presented. GIS and RS can be used to plan for water usage, actions to decrease air pollution and climate change adaption, and combined with a DSS, the software can help decision makers in the process of planning. Suggestion made are to implement the GIS and DSS early in the planning process, and to base action plan goals on what is realistic, in areas that are in greatest need of sustainability initiatives. There are vast amounts of research made within the subject of DSS and sustainable development, but there is a lack of consensus among the DSS developed, and many stays on the prototype level due to e.g. lack of data and hard to use software. Similar implications are experienced within the subject of GIS and sustainable development, but there are great potential of succeed, when the knowledge of GIS and DSS are spreading among planners and sustainability workers. One of the most important tasks of GIS users today is to inform and develop GIS to be more user friendly and easy to access data.

The thesis identifies four modes of action and cooperation of transnational networks of GROs by taking the Tanzania Urban Poor Federation (TUPF), a sub-network of Shack Slum Dweller International (SDI), as an example. Based on the understanding of “interpretive network analysis” (Schindler 2006: pp. 100-101), qualitative and quantitative methodologies of data collection and analysis (expert interviews, member survey, on-site visits of projects, review of TUPF and SDI reports) have been applied in the course of field research. Analysis took place based on a set of criteria regarding the current state of knowledge of typologies, structures, processes, dynamics and preconditions for stable, effective networks. Furthermore, mechanisms for network governance are also taken into account. The selected cases represent a range of issues, applied instruments, different modes of cooperation and scopes of action. Based on the set of criteria, the examination is intended to address questions concerning the relevance of local embeddedness and the capability of the local communities of the TUPF to enter into cross-sectoral and cross-level cooperation. Based on these insights, effects for the scope of action, the empowerment of the actors involved and the development of marginalized settlements are indentified. The case-study research on the basis of the TUPF and SDI verifies the potential of networks for the dissemination of knowledge and the creation of social capital and multidimensional cooperation. However, the analysed modes of action and cooperation develop different degrees of capacities regarding these issues. In this context, the assumed interrelation between the degree of extension of the scope of action and the capability to create multidimensional cooperation in the course of networking activities becomes clear. The cases of the TUPF and SDI show that transnational networks of GROs are able to develop cooperation structures and development strategies involving features of integrated approaches which are spatially and socially embedded in local communities and also benefit from transnational and crosssectoral cooperation. The aspects highlighted above represent a range of potentials and preconditions which turned out to be relevant and important for the activities and processes of local communities within the network. These final results are intended to provide guidance for the development of beneficial structures by governmental actors and development organizations. Furthermore, they should be integrated into a reconsideration of cooperation strategies in the course of urban management processes and development approaches to reduce urban poverty.

The thesis identifies four modes of action and cooperation of transnational networks of GROs by taking the Tanzania Urban Poor Federation (TUPF), a sub-network of Shack Slum Dweller International (SDI), as an example. Based on the understanding of “interpretive network analysis” (Schindler 2006: pp. 100-101), qualitative and quantitative methodologies of data collection and analysis (expert interviews, member survey, on-site visits of projects, review of TUPF and SDI reports) have been applied in the course of field research. Analysis took place based on a set of criteria regarding the current state of knowledge of typologies, structures, processes, dynamics and preconditions for stable, effective networks. Furthermore, mechanisms for network governance are also taken into account. The selected cases represent a range of issues, applied instruments, different modes of cooperation and scopes of action. Based on the set of criteria, the examination is intended to address questions concerning the relevance of local embeddedness and the capability of the local communities of the TUPF to enter into cross-sectoral and cross-level cooperation. Based on these insights, effects for the scope of action, the empowerment of the actors involved and the development of marginalized settlements are indentified. The case-study research on the basis of the TUPF and SDI verifies the potential of networks for the dissemination of knowledge and the creation of social capital and multidimensional cooperation. However, the analysed modes of action and cooperation develop different degrees of capacities regarding these issues. In this context, the assumed interrelation between the degree of extension of the scope of action and the capability to create multidimensional cooperation in the course of networking activities becomes clear. The cases of the TUPF and SDI show that transnational networks of GROs are able to develop cooperation structures and development strategies involving features of integrated approaches which are spatially and socially embedded in local communities and also benefit from transnational and crosssectoral cooperation. The aspects highlighted above represent a range of potentials and preconditions which turned out to be relevant and important for the activities and processes of local communities within the network. These final results are intended to provide guidance for the development of beneficial structures by governmental actors and development organizations. Furthermore, they should be integrated into a reconsideration of cooperation strategies in the course of urban management processes and development approaches to reduce urban poverty.

La ville africaine est marquée par un dualisme du modèle urbain. A côté de la ville moderne, administrée, équipée, " légale ", se développent les quartiers " illégaux ", sans équipements ni services urbains de base. La Côte d'Ivoire n'échappe pas à cette situation. Au lendemain des indépendances, elle entreprend la plus vaste opération de géographie volontaire en vue de réduire les injustices spatiales et les inégalités entre régions du Sud forestier ; « l'opération San-Pedro ». Objectif: mettre en valeur une région jusqu'alors totalement enclavée et en marge du « miracle économique ivoirien » ; le Sud-ouest du pays avec comme point d'ancrage, la création d'un port en eau profonde et d'une ville nouvelle. Malgré un projet d'urbanisme largement concerté, San-Pedro abrite aujourd'hui l'un des plus grands quartiers précaires de l'Afrique de l'ouest, favorisant ainsi une fragmentation de plus en plus accentuée de la ville. On observe aujourd'hui dans la ville, moins de 10% des occupations immobilières ayant faits l'objet d'un enregistrement cadastral et d'un droit foncier réel inattaquable. Ce faible pourcentage illustre l'échec du système de l'immatriculation foncière, seule voie légale de sécurisation foncière et immobilière. Cela pose la question fondamentale d'autres voies alternatives à la sécurisation foncière et immobilière. D'où le nécessaire développement des systèmes d'adressage qui, à l'absence de cadastre général, permet de localiser les parcelles à partir de l'espace public afin d'améliorer la connaissance du patrimoine immobilier c'est-à-dire assurer une identification publique des biens et des droits existants facilitant ainsi leur sécurisation et leur reconnaissance juridique ultérieure. A cet effet, de nombreux pays africains ont lancé ces dernières années, des opérations d'adressage visant à servir d'alternative au cadastre fiscal et aux projets difficiles et lents de « régularisation foncière » en promouvant des formes simplifiées et principalement littérales d'identification des parcelles.Cette thèse vise donc à établir à San-Pedro, l'intérêt de l'utilisation d'un système d'adressage dans les politiques de sécurisation foncière et immobilière. Elle cherche à comprendre les relations entre l'adressage et le "droit à la ville", c'est-à-dire le droit d'accès aux ressources urbaines notamment d'accès à la propriété et à la sécurité du logement. Pour appréhender ces relations, il s'avère nécessaire d'entreprendre l'analyse sous l'angle de la justice spatiale tout en soulignant l'importance de l'adressage comme outil de reconnaissance des droits fonciers locaux et surtout d'intégration sociale et économique des populations.Cette approche ouvre de nouvelles perspectives méthodologiques à exploiter dans la réforme des systèmes fonciers et cadastraux des pays africains. / The African city is marked by a dualism of urban model. Alongside the modern city, administered equipped "legal" grow "illegal" areas, no equipment or basic urban services. Côte d'Ivoire is no exception to this. After independence, she undertook the largest operation of voluntary geography to reduce spatial injustices and inequalities between regions of southern forest; "Operation San Pedro." Objective: To develop a region until completely enclosed and outside the "Ivorian economic miracle", the South-west of the country with as an anchor, creating a deep water port and a new city . Despite a largely collaborative project planning, San Pedro now houses one of the largest shantytowns of West Africa, thereby promoting fragmentation increasingly accentuated the city. We observe today in the city, less than 10% of real estate occupations having made the subject of a land registration and real property of an indefeasible right. This low percentage shows the failure of the system of land registration, the only legal way of land and property security. This raises the fundamental question of alternative ways to land and property security. Where necessary the development of addressing systems, the lack of general survey, used to locate plots from public space to improve the knowledge of the real estate that is to say, ensure public identification of property and existing rights and facilitating their security and their subsequent legal recognition. To this end, many African countries have launched in recent years, addressing operations to serve as an alternative to fiscal cadastre and slow and difficult projects "land regularization" promoting simplified forms and mostly literal identification plots.Therefore this thesis aims to establish in San Pedro, the interest of the use of an addressing system in the policies of land and property security. It seeks to understand the relationship between the address and the "right to the city", that is to say, the right of access to urban resources including homeownership and housing security. To understand these relationships, it is necessary to undertake an analysis in terms of spatial justice while emphasizing the importance of addressing as a tool for recognition of local land rights, especially social and economic integration populations.This approach opens new methodological perspectives to operate in the reform of land tenure and cadastral African

Os jogos de papéis (role-playing games) têm sido utilizados em diversos projetos de gestão participativa dos recursos naturais em processos de formação, pesquisa e intervenção de apoio à negociação de conflitos em várias partes do mundo. Uma série de estudos demonstram o potencial destas metodologias para lidar com temas complexos num processo de Educação para a participação, principalmente de atores locais da sociedade civil. Partimos do pressuposto de que os fóruns de negociação de conflitos socioambientais exigem um aprendizado técnico e social para uma participação efetiva da sociedade civil. O objetivo da pesquisa consiste em analisar os potenciais e limites destas metodologias em relação aos princípios da Educação Ambiental. Primeiramente realizamos um levantamento e comparação de experiências brasieliras de formação relacionadas à gestão urbana e ambiental. Em seguida, analisamos de forma mais aprofundada um protótipo de jogo de papéis, com enfoque na modelagem de acompanhamento, que corresponde ao foco do trabalho - O Jogo dos Mananciais. O jogo em destaque trata da problemática da gestão dos recursos hídricos em áreas de mananciais peri-urbanos. Os resultados da análise mostram que o jogo apresenta diversas potencialidades como metodologia de apoio à formação, embora seus limites estejam relacionados à complexidade da ferramenta e ao tempo dispendido na sua elaboração. Além disso, como uma metodologia didática, o jogo de papéis (RPG) deve estar inserido num processo de formação mais amplo. / Role playing games in natural resources management have recently been tested as training, research and intervention tools all over the world. Various studies point out their potential to deal with complex issues and to contribute on the training processes. We believe that a social learning process is necessary to empower the local communities to take part on the negotiation channels. The objective of this contribution is to briefly analyze the limits and potential of games within environmental education from the critical perspective. The analysis begins by a comparison of four Brazilian experiences, which are \"regular\" RPGs, developed to deal with the complexity of urban and environmental management. They were used within an educational process focusing on either local communities or technicians. The comparison of these experiences is based on (i) an analysis of the materials (game support) provided by the developers, (ii) interviews with authors and game developers and (iii) participation in game sessions whenever possible. Then we deeply analyze the RPG (Jogo dos Mananciais), the research focus. This game is a prototype based on Companion Modeling Approach. It deals with the water resources management in peri-urban catchments. The results show role-playing games have many possibilities as a training methodology, however their limits are related to the complexity of the toll. So, the RPG must be inserted into a wider educational process.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:26:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Heterotopia Democracia e Gestao Urbana.pdf: 2110885 bytes, checksum: 197c6d1052561eccb67c0fefc819fc14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-04 / Este trabalho tem por finalidade discutir e analisar a instituição de condições democráticas nas gestões municipais de Goiânia no período compreendido entre os anos de 1997 e 2008, bem como a sua efetividade na diminuição das desigualdades socioterritoriais. Os três governos que se sucederam nesse período Nion Albernaz, do PSDB (1997-2000), Pedro Wilson, do PT (2001-2004) e Iris Rezende, do PMDB (2005- 2008), são expoentes de matizes político-ideológicos distintos e, não obstante, expressaram tais diferenças na montagem de seus arranjos institucionais governamentais. Nestes, percebe-se uma significativa envergadura na concepção e na concretização das condições democráticas, de tal modo que se procedeu neste trabalho à seguinte classificação: governo Nion Albernaz conservador, de baixo nível poliárquico e de alto controle de situação; governo Pedro Wilson progressista, de alto nível poliárquico e de baixo controle de situação; e governo Iris Rezende populista, de médio nível poliárquico e de alto controle de situação. Apesar de que tais distinções têm um significativo impacto na instituição da democracia no território municipal de Goiânia, se verifica que, a despeito dos programas político-ideológicos dos partidos que encabeçaram as administrações, os arranjos democráticos tiveram pouca incidência na redução das desigualdades socioterritoriais, o que figura neste trabalho como principal problema. Assim, a tese aqui advogada é de que isso ocorreu não em função da ineficiência democrática, mas dos equívocos presentes na sua concepção, particularmente no governo Pedro Wilson, responsável pelos principais arranjos democráticos de governo. O resultado disso tudo é uma cidade marcada por uma heterotopia segregada, na qual, por um lado, as gestões analisadas não foram capazes de suplantar as distorções do planejamento excludente e, por outro, os arranjos democráticos não foram suficientes para definir um novo padrão da cultura cívica local. Como recurso metodológico, esta tese se valeu de uma vasta pesquisa de campo, em que se destacam uma pesquisa censitária realizada a partir da SEPLAM/Prefeitura de Goiânia aplicada os conselheiros gestores da cidade entre os anos de 2003 e 2004, as de Survey, uma desenvolvida pelo Observatório das Metrópoles sobre a questão da cultura política na cidade e outra pelo próprio autor, visando a identificar a opinião da população goianiense sobre as três gestões analisadas e a observação participante do autor.

A dissertação tem como objetivo geral analisar as formas de tratamento pelos poderes públicos municipais voltadas aos assentamentos informais das áreas urbanas de duas cidades turísticas, Canela e Gramado, enquanto aglomeração urbana na Região das Hortênsias. Para tal, foram utilizadas três técnicas: observação não participante; aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 02 (dois) grupos distintos, sendo o primeiro grupo de líderes comunitários e segundo grupo com técnicos de ambas as Prefeituras; e cruzamento de dados. Observou-se que embora existam análises acadêmicas a respeito dessas cidades, os temas estão voltados a outros assuntos, como por exemplo, capital imobiliário e turismo. Os resultados apresentados nessa dissertação refutaram a hipótese inicial, de que Canela e Gramado compartilhassem de estratégias para gestão dos assentamentos informais nessas cidades. A hipótese inicial teve como principal consideração a quantidade de assentamentos existentes em Canela quando comparado com Gramado. No entanto, foram observadas diferentes formas de gestão nos assentamentos informais, o que implicam em diferentes formas de ocupação no espaço urbano. / The dissertation is to analyze the general forms of treatment by municipal authorities aimed to informal settlements in urban areas of two tourist cities, Canela and Gramado, while urban agglomeration in the Region of Hortênsias. To this end , three techniques were used: non-participant observation; application of semi-structured interviews with 02 ( two) distinct groups, the first group of community leaders and the second group with experts from both prefectures; and linking of data. It was observed that although there are academic analyzes of these cities, the themes are turned to other matters, such as real estate and tourism capital. The results presented in this dissertation disproved the initial hypothesis that Canela and Gramado share strategies for management of informal settlements in these cities. The initial hypothesis was the main consideration the amount of existing settlements in Canela compared to Gramado . However, different forms of management were observed in informal settlements , which imply different forms of occupation of urban space.

A dissertação tem como objetivo geral analisar as formas de tratamento pelos poderes públicos municipais voltadas aos assentamentos informais das áreas urbanas de duas cidades turísticas, Canela e Gramado, enquanto aglomeração urbana na Região das Hortênsias. Para tal, foram utilizadas três técnicas: observação não participante; aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 02 (dois) grupos distintos, sendo o primeiro grupo de líderes comunitários e segundo grupo com técnicos de ambas as Prefeituras; e cruzamento de dados. Observou-se que embora existam análises acadêmicas a respeito dessas cidades, os temas estão voltados a outros assuntos, como por exemplo, capital imobiliário e turismo. Os resultados apresentados nessa dissertação refutaram a hipótese inicial, de que Canela e Gramado compartilhassem de estratégias para gestão dos assentamentos informais nessas cidades. A hipótese inicial teve como principal consideração a quantidade de assentamentos existentes em Canela quando comparado com Gramado. No entanto, foram observadas diferentes formas de gestão nos assentamentos informais, o que implicam em diferentes formas de ocupação no espaço urbano. / The dissertation is to analyze the general forms of treatment by municipal authorities aimed to informal settlements in urban areas of two tourist cities, Canela and Gramado, while urban agglomeration in the Region of Hortênsias. To this end , three techniques were used: non-participant observation; application of semi-structured interviews with 02 ( two) distinct groups, the first group of community leaders and the second group with experts from both prefectures; and linking of data. It was observed that although there are academic analyzes of these cities, the themes are turned to other matters, such as real estate and tourism capital. The results presented in this dissertation disproved the initial hypothesis that Canela and Gramado share strategies for management of informal settlements in these cities. The initial hypothesis was the main consideration the amount of existing settlements in Canela compared to Gramado . However, different forms of management were observed in informal settlements , which imply different forms of occupation of urban space.

The objectives of this research had two approaches; the qualitative objectives were: to learn about the development expectations of Chiclayo for the next 20 years; to identify ways to achieve this goal; and to develop a concept that educates socially responsible citizens. Quantitative objectives: to identify the problems in the city of Chiclayo, to analyze the citizens’ perception of Chiclayo’s problems and to prioritize proposals for the sustainable development of Chiclayo. From this study, we conclude that the city of Chiclayo is facing a structural problem that affects the quality of life of all its citizens. It lacks a socially responsible city plan . Citizens expect a healthy, clean, ethical-moral, safe and organized city; they demand an educational plan for a socially responsible city. Thus, we are proposing a plan called «Chiclayo 2035. Quality of life and development». / Los objetivos de la investigación apuntaron en dos direcciones. En lo que respecta a lo cualitativo, se buscaba conocer las expectativas de desarrollo de Chiclayo para los próximos veinte años, identificar la manera de lograr el cambio y elaborar una propuesta que permita formar ciudadanos socialmente responsables. En lo cuantitativo, se esperaba identificar la problemática de la ciudad de Chiclayo, analizar la percepción de los chiclayanos sobre la problemática de la ciudad y priorizar las propuestas para el desarrollo sustentable y sostenible de Chiclayo.A partir de este estudio, se concluye que la ciudad de Chiclayo afronta una problemática estructural que afecta la calidad de vida de todos sus grupos de interés. Se carece de un modelo de ciudad socialmente responsable. Los ciudadanos esperan una ciudad saludable, limpia, ética-moral, segura, ordenada y demandan un proceso educativo en responsabilidad social transversal. Sobre esta base, se propone el modelo «Chiclayo al 2035. Calidad de vida y desarrollo». / Os objetivos da pesquisa apontam em duas direções. No método qualitativo: procurou-se conhecer às expectativas de desenvolvimento de Chiclayo para os próximos vinte anos, identificar formas para conseguir uma mudança e prepararuma proposta para educar cidadãos socialmente responsáveis. Quantitativamente: identificar os problemas da cidade de Chiclayo, analisar a percepção dos cidadãos sobre os problemas da cidade e priorizar propostas para o desenvolvimento sustentável de Chiclayo. A partir deste estudo, conclui-se que a cidade de Chiclayo enfrenta um  problema estrutural que afeta a qualidade de vida de todos os seus cidadãos. A cidade carece de um modelo socialmente responsável. Os cidadãos pedem uma cidade saudável, ordenada, limpa, segura, ética e moral, e exigem ações transversais para a educação e responsabilidade social.Nesta base, a proposta é um modelo chamado «Chiclayo 2035. Qualidade de vida e desenvolvimento».

A dissertação tem como objetivo geral analisar as formas de tratamento pelos poderes públicos municipais voltadas aos assentamentos informais das áreas urbanas de duas cidades turísticas, Canela e Gramado, enquanto aglomeração urbana na Região das Hortênsias. Para tal, foram utilizadas três técnicas: observação não participante; aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 02 (dois) grupos distintos, sendo o primeiro grupo de líderes comunitários e segundo grupo com técnicos de ambas as Prefeituras; e cruzamento de dados. Observou-se que embora existam análises acadêmicas a respeito dessas cidades, os temas estão voltados a outros assuntos, como por exemplo, capital imobiliário e turismo. Os resultados apresentados nessa dissertação refutaram a hipótese inicial, de que Canela e Gramado compartilhassem de estratégias para gestão dos assentamentos informais nessas cidades. A hipótese inicial teve como principal consideração a quantidade de assentamentos existentes em Canela quando comparado com Gramado. No entanto, foram observadas diferentes formas de gestão nos assentamentos informais, o que implicam em diferentes formas de ocupação no espaço urbano. / The dissertation is to analyze the general forms of treatment by municipal authorities aimed to informal settlements in urban areas of two tourist cities, Canela and Gramado, while urban agglomeration in the Region of Hortênsias. To this end , three techniques were used: non-participant observation; application of semi-structured interviews with 02 ( two) distinct groups, the first group of community leaders and the second group with experts from both prefectures; and linking of data. It was observed that although there are academic analyzes of these cities, the themes are turned to other matters, such as real estate and tourism capital. The results presented in this dissertation disproved the initial hypothesis that Canela and Gramado share strategies for management of informal settlements in these cities. The initial hypothesis was the main consideration the amount of existing settlements in Canela compared to Gramado . However, different forms of management were observed in informal settlements , which imply different forms of occupation of urban space.