This research explores dynamics around Aboriginal language learning and use in Vancouver, British Columbia. With many different First Nations and Aboriginal languages represented in the city, urban Aboriginal language revitalization is complex and challenging. Sixteen research participants talked with me about competing priorities for urban Aboriginal individuals and families, the linguistic diversity of the British Columbia First Nations, and how demographic urbanization of Aboriginal peoples intersects with movements of language revitalization. The resulting analysis highlights some emerging language ideologies connected to urban Aboriginal language use and learning. Language ideologies have been defined as “the cultural system of ideas about social and linguistic relationships, together with their loading of moral and political interests” (Irvine, cited in Kroskrity 2000:5). By identifying some commonalities in research participants’ attitudes around Aboriginal languages in the city, I argue that ‘placing language’ and ‘finding a place for language’ are critical issues for looking at Aboriginal language use and learning in Vancouver. By ‘placing language’, I mean that participants stressed the locality of Aboriginal languages, drawing important connections between land and language. Many honoured local languages by stating that their use and preservation should be top priorities in urban-specific language revitalization initiatives. They also recognized that other Native languages are represented in the city and could be fostered by collaboration with home communities, including reserve language programs. By ‘finding a place for language’, I mean taking time and making effort toward language learning and use in the fast-paced urban environment. Determining a place and a time for language in daily life or during events is crucial for language revitalization efforts in the city. This thesis specifies some suggestions for finding a place for language, highlighting different ideas shared by participants about public school language education, community centres as places for language learning, and use of local languages in service organizations and educational institutions and in the public sphere. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

The diploma thesis is focused on the phenomenon of processes of appropriation in public space. The analysis draws upon urban anthropology with the aim to point out that some appropriative tactics may help to improve a quality of life in a city. The thesis is based on the theoretical concepts of French scholars, namely Marc Augé, Michel de Certeau and Henri Lefebvre, who share the common interest in a man as the everyday user, but also the creator of public space. Another methodological tool is the qualitative criteria of public space established by Jan Gehl. After the introduction to the urban anthropology the thesis concerns with the public space itself, defining it, putting it into the practical framework and outlining the main problems of its crisis. The next part is about the processes of appropriation and their forms. In the applied part of the thesis are then described the examples of four Prague public spaces which are appropriated by their inhabitants and it is evaluated their importance for the whole city. In the last part is the theory turned into the practice in the form of micro- project in the Prague public space. Key words Appropriation, city, urban anthropology, public space, open space.

This thesis examines the urban transformation and deformation caused by the expansion of the local Kiirunavaara mine in Kiruna, Sweden. In 2004, the local mining company, LKAB, announced that rapid ground deformations had been discovered in central Kiruna and that buildings and residents would have to be relocated in order for production to continue. This thesis is an attempt to analyze the way that local relationships to space and place become relevant during processes of intense urban loss and renewal. By analyzing discourses and statements by residents, planners and officials, I aim to highlight the historical contingencies and responses to the loss of the urban environment and the implementation of the new city centre designed to replace the old one. More specifically, I argue that a social and economic dependency on mining preclude official contestations and alternatives to the transformation while residents find alternative ways of expressing concern. I analyze residents’ relationship to the built environment and the mining company through focusing on discourses of affect and enactment. I furthermore discuss the elite visions of the new city that despite widespread dissatisfaction emphasize shared governance and sustainability and the ways they contribute to a depoliticization of the experience of displacement. Through ethnographic methods of participant observation and interviews, this thesis contributes to an understanding of mining towns and urban anthropology of space and place in the northern hemisphere.

Ce petit échantillon d’une étude ethnographique, fait à partir de la méthode d’observation participante, interroge la nature de la tendance de la mode auprès de jeunes citadins au coeur d'un centre urbain francophone du Canada. Les participants identifient un « look » comme étant emblématique du Plateau, un arrondissement de Montréal qui est démographiquement divers et contenant beaucoup de commerces dynamiques. Le Plateau a été promu par les organisations de la ville de Montréal comme le point central de la mode, arts et culture. Locaux ou simples touristes voient le Plateau comme un environnement aidant à la transformation personnelle et à l’autoréalisation, particulièrement chez les locaux de 18-30 ans. Plus particulièrement, les membres appartenant à cette tranche d’âge conçoivent leurs propres interprétations de la mode et participent à un certains nombres de projets créatifs en vue de réaliser d’authentiques et véritables expressions de soi. Cependant, à cause de la commercialisation de la mode présentée pour les consommateurs du Plateau, la jeune population perçoit le courant dominant du « hipster » comme n’étant plus l’authentique représentation à leur course à l’authenticité individuelle dans un monde en perpétuel globalisation. La chercheuse a découvert l’existence d’une idéologie de l’individu restreint à ce quartier. Vu l’animosité présente parmi la population locale du Plateau pour le courant principal hipster, l’ensemble de ces données montrent qu’il y a un besoin d’une meilleure compréhension de la relation entre la commercialisation de la mode occidentale et de ces acheteurs au niveau de l’individu et au niveau local dans les espaces urbaine en perpétuel globalisation. Le contexte de la mode dans cet environnement est contraint par l’hypothèse de la valeur qu'être différent est imaginé et digne d’intérêt dans cette communauté si et seulement si quelqu’un est confiant au point de se tenir debout avec ses idéaux au milieu des autres. / This small-scale ethnographic study conducted through methods of participant-observation investigates the nature of fashionable trends among a selected urban youth populace found in a large urban center in French-speaking Canada. Participants identify one “look” as emblematic of the Plateau, a demographically diverse and commercially dynamic borough. The Plateau is promoted by its municipal organizations as a hub of Montreal’s fashion, arts and culture. Locals and tourists treat the Plateau as an environment which facilitates the performance of self-realization and transformation, particularly among locals aged 18 to 30. Members of this age set appropriate fashionable dress and participate in many creative pursuits in order to make real authentic expressions of their embodied selves. However, as commercial fashions are introduced to local consumers, the youth perceives the mainstream “hipster” look to be an inauthentic representation of their quest to be authentically individual. The researcher discovers the existence of an ideology of individuality restricted to the boundaries of the borough. Given the animosity present among the Plateau’s local population for the mainstream hipster look, collectively these findings suggest there is a need to better understand the relationship negotiated between commercial Western fashion and its consumers at the level of the individual and in the local in ever globalizing urban spaces. The context of fashion in this environment is branded by the assumption that the value of being different is imagined and worthwhile in this community only if one has the confidence to stand alone within its disunion.

DPhil, School of Social Sciences, Dept of Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011 / This thesis investigates a number of economic and financial practices, processes, relationships, actors and institutions prevalent in the residential areas that form part of Johannesburg that is known as Soweto, all of which have in common the exchange, hoarding, spending and risking of cash money. It describes actual flows of monies between actors and through popular economic institutions which are embedded in social relations of friendship and kinship, neighbourhood life and socially constructed identities. Building on the anthropological literature that seeks to show how money flows carry meaning as well as having function, it inquires into the meanings such flows of money - between popular institutions and social groups and across social classes - have for a range of differently situated participants in the popular economies. It explores the ways in which institutions and practices within the popular economies are deployed by actors and groups so as to direct flows of monies into certain social networks and relationships while redirecting it away from others, highlighting the agency of actors and groups in relation to their position in the local and larger political economy. Employing elements of practice theory, as well as perspectives from both political economy and cultural economy approaches to everyday life, the thesis offers arguments about power, identity, agency and state sovereignty in the context of the history of Black Johannesburg under apartheid and makes a contribution to our understanding of the material and symbolic structures of everyday life in contemporary Soweto and Johannesburg.

Essa pesquisa teve como ponto de partida a ameaça de extinção de um espaço que reúne seis campos de futebol de várzea na cidade de São Paulo. Trata-se do Complexo de Campos de Futebol do Campo de Marte, instalado em um terreno que há décadas é disputado pela Aeronáutica (União) e pela Prefeitura da cidade. Inicialmente, buscou-se articular esse conflito específico a uma questão mais ampla: o que fazia com que o futebol de várzea, prática cuja trajetória é marcada pelo fim de vários de seus espaços, continuasse ocupando um papel relevante como modalidade de lazer e associativismo popular na cidade de São Paulo? Partindo da perspectiva dos varzeanos que construíram os seus campos nesse terreno a partir dos anos 1960 e que, desde então, lidam com a possibilidade de terem que deixar esse espaço, chegou-se a apreensão de uma lógica interna que rege essa prática e sua profunda conexão com o contexto social em que se inserem. O futebol de várzea, para esses varzeanos, só seria viável pela abnegação de seus personagens, uma postura necessária para a conquista e manutenção de um universo que se constrói, sobretudo, a partir de ações de autoconstrução e de constantes negociações. Tanto em sua dimensão espacial, onde a figura do abnegado ocupa um papel central por resolver, dentro de seu clube e no campo varzeano como um todo, muitas das questões impostas pela política do Estado de não proporcionar o direito ao lazer e ao esporte, assumindo, por um lado, as vezes de instância auto reguladora, e por outro, de provedor de infraestrutura e mediador de interesses. Como em sua dimensão esportiva, onde sem a presença de uma instituição ou entidade que tenha se estabelecido ao longo de sua trajetória como organizadora e reguladora dessa prática, essa tarefa foi levada a cabo pelos próprios varzeanos a partir de múltiplas alianças e referências. / This research had as a starting point the threat of extinction of a space that gathers six football fields of várzea in the city of São Paulo. It is the Complexo de Campos do Campo de Marte, installed in a land that has been disputed for decades by the Aeronautics (Union) and by the town council. Initially, we tried to articulate this specific conflict to a broader question: what made várzea football, a practice whose trajectory is marked by the end of several of its spaces, continued to play a relevant role as a leisure modality and popular associativism in Sao Paulo City? Starting from the perspective of the Varzeans who built their fields on this terrain from the 1960s onwards, and since then they have dealt with the possibility of having to leave this space, we came to the apprehension of an internal logic that governs this practice and its deep the social context in which they are inserted. Várzea football, for these Varzeans, would only be viable due to the abnegation of their characters, a posture necessary for the conquest and maintenance of a universe that is built, above all, by actions of self-construction and constant negotiations. Both in its spatial dimension, where the self-sacrificing figure occupies a central role within his club and the Varzean camp as a whole, many of the issues imposed by the State\'s policy of not providing the right to leisure and sport, , on the one hand, sometimes as a self-regulatory body, and on the other as an infrastructure provider and mediator of interests. As in its sporting dimension, where without the presence of an institution or entity that has established itself along its trajectory as organizer and regulator of this practice, this task was carried out by Varzeans themselves from multiple alliances and references.

O estudo tem por base uma etnografia de um acampamento dos sem-teto localizado na cidade de São José dos Campos, batizado de Pinheirinho e ligado ao Movimento Urbano dos Sem-teto (Must). A dissertação se insere dentro da discussão dos estudos urbanos por meio de uma ótica antropológica, no intuito de debater questões relativas à constituição da esfera pública e das práticas dos movimentos sociais atuais. A etnografia privilegiou a formação discursiva de sujeitos de direitos a partir do cotidiano dos moradores e tentou conjugá-la com a problemática da participação política em meio urbano, considerando as contribuições de etnografias clássicas da área e preocupações recentes da sociologia. / The study is based on ethnography of a homeless camp site placed in São José dos Campos, which is called Pinheirinho and linked to Urban Homeless Movement (Must). This dissertation is part of a discussion about urban studies through an anthropological view, intending to debate questions related to public sphere constitution and current social movement actions. The ethnography view has privileged the discursive establishment of people of rights based on the residents day-by-day and has tried to conjugate it with the political participation problematic in urban environment, considering the classic ethnographies of this area and recent sociological concerns.

A pesquisa que serve de base para essa dissertação parte de uma abordagem antropológica sobre os arranjos coletivos e atores sociais ligados ao black metal no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Um estilo musical derivado do gênero heavy metal que constitui um conjunto de elementos que dão suporte a um estilo de vida específico. As atividades de trabalho de campo foram desenvolvidas durante dois anos e meio (entre 2012 e 2014) na capital, em sua zona metropolitana e em algumas cidades do interior do Estado, junto aos lugares ocupados e frequentados por esses sujeitos (coletivos ou individuais). O objetivo desse trabalho foi mapear as diferentes formas de sociabilidade construídas por esses atores sociais ligados ao black metal, e assim, elucidar como esses arranjos coletivos e suas categorias nativas podem expressar uma perspectiva específica sobre a urbanidade e suas fronteiras. Para tanto, a categoria nativa cena foi tomada como objeto central da análise, o que permitiu desvendar um sistema de alianças e troca de favores um círculo da dádiva black metal , que alicerçam a construção de noções coletivas de pertencimento, assim como, uma perspectiva específica sobre as segmentações e classificações dos espaços urbanos. Também foram analisadas a sonoridade das composições do estilo, as teorias nativas sobre a música, as performances executadas durante os eventos, assim como as concepções desses atores sociais a respeito do satanismo, da quimbanda (e seus exus) e a oposição às religiões judaico-cristãs. Portanto, a partir da relação de todos esses elementos, foi possível descrever como se desenrola a guerra particular do black metal paulista em defesa da cena e dos valores do estilo. / The research that underpins this dissertation part of an anthropological approach to the collective arrangements and social actors linked to the black metal in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Black Metal is a musical style derived from the heavy metal genre that is a set of elements that support a specific way of life. The activities of field work were developed during two and a half years (between 2012 and 2014) in the capital, in the metropolitan area and in some cities in the state, in the places frequented by these subjects (collective or individual). The aim of this study was to map the different forms of sociability constructed by these social actors linked to black metal, and thus elucidate how these collective arrangements and their native categories may express a specific perspective on urbanization and its borders. For both, the category native scene was taken as the central object of analysis, allowing unravel a system of alliances and exchanges of favors a circle of giving , that underpin the construction of collective notions of belonging, as well as a specific perspective on segmentation of urban spaces. It were also analyzed the sound of style compositions, native theories about music, performances performed during the events, as well as the conceptions of these social actors concerning Satanism, the Quimbanda (and the exus) and the opposition to Judeo-Christian religions. Therefore, from the relation of all these elements, it was possible to describe the particular war of the black metal of São Paulo in defense of the scene and the values of the style.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-23T13:08:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Beatriz Salgado Cardoso de Oliveira.pdf: 1840922 bytes, checksum: 37712e4c775fa7ce56d3dcc54d872674 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T13:08:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Beatriz Salgado Cardoso de Oliveira.pdf: 1840922 bytes, checksum: 37712e4c775fa7ce56d3dcc54d872674 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-13 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this dissertation, I analyze, within the scope of Walter Benjamin’s work, what I call urban operators. These are ways through which the author wrote about European cities, where he lived or by which he passed, in his wanderings, journeys or exiles. Thus, the three urban operators identified in his work, the “fragment”, the “flâneur” and the “memory”, are analyzed in the first chapters of this dissertation, through the examination of benjaminians’ texts that has the city as a theme. I argue these operators may serve as epistemological tools to the current studies in the field of urban anthropology, so that in the end of this work, I try to articulate my first analysis with a very recent anthropological literature, in order to demonstrate the potentiality of Walter Benjamin`s work to new reflexions on the ethnographic practice in the big metropolis of the twenty first century / Nesta dissertação analiso, no escopo da obra benjaminiana, o que chamo de operadores urbanos. Estes configuram meios pelos quais Walter Benjamin escreveu sobre cidades europeias, nas quais morou, ou pelas quais passou em suas andanças, viagens e exílios. Dessa maneira, os três operadores urbanos identificados em sua obra, o “fragmento”, o “flâneur” e a “memória”, são analisados nos primeiros capítulos desta dissertação, por meio do exame de textos benjaminianos que versam sobre a temática da cidade. Argumento que esses operadores podem servir de ferramentas epistemológicas para o campo dos atuais estudos da antropologia urbana e, assim, ao final do trabalho, procuro articular minhas primeiras análises com uma literatura antropológica bastante recente, a fim de demonstrar a potencialidade da produção intelectual de Walter Benjamin para novas reflexões sobre a prática etnográfica na grande metrópole do século XXI

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Essa dissertação é um estudo de antropologia urbana sobre as relações entre moradores e entre moradores e empregados em dois edifícios residenciais nos bairros do Maracanã e Grajaú. O objetivo foi demonstrar os sentidos subjacentes ao uso das noções de indivíduo e de pessoa, de individualismo e de hierarquia, em cada um desses contextos de relacionamento. Foram realizadas sete entrevistas semi-estruturadas com homens e mulheres de camadas médias urbanas. Os sentidos sugeridos pelos moradores apontaram para a existência de uma tensão entre as noções de público e privado, cordialidade e impessoalidade nos modos de classificar a si mesmo e aos outros nas interações sob diferentes circunstâncias dentro do edifício. Os depoimentos dos entrevistados concederam maior destaque às relações que mantinham com suas empregadas domésticas do que com as empregadas de outros condôminos. Nesse caso concedeu-se destaque para a operação de classificações em que pravaleciam a hierarquização e a subordinação, da parte dos moradores, e expedientes de agenciamento, por parte dos empregados. / This dissertation is a study in urban anthropology about the relations between residents and between residents and employees in two residential buildings in the areas of Maracanã and Grajaú. The objective was to demonstrate the meanings underlying the use of the notions of the individual and of the person, of individualism and of hierarchy, in each one of these relationship contexts. There were applied seven semi-structured interviews with men and women from urban middle classes. The meanings suggested by the residents pointed to the existence of a tension between the notions of public and private, cordialness and impersonality in the ways of classifying oneself and others in the different interactions under diverse circumstances inside the building. The statements of the interviewees granted prominence to the relations established between them and your own employees instead of the employees from other residents. In this case they granted prominence to the operation of ways of classifying in which prevailed hierarchy and subordination, from the part of the residents, and means of agency, from the part of the emplyees.