This thesis argues for an approach which goes beyond the conventional urban climate governance view. With engagement in social-technical practices, a more sustainable and inclusive way of transforming the city can be accomplished. One way of doing so is with the offering of the urban living lab as a playground for real-life experiments. With a purposive intervention in an urban socio-technical system, the three- dimensional concept of urban environmental governance, socio-technical experiments and strategic experiments with designed policies can create a more sustainable urban transition. The urban electric vehicle transition is just one example of how these three concepts can be applied. In order to demonstrate the interaction of a sustainable urban transition, an empirical case study was conducted.   This thesis makes a conceptual contribution by engaging with current understanding of urban sustainability transition, using the urban electric vehicle transition as a reference point. The insights of this study extend the theories of the socio-technical system and argue that it is not only about social and technological innovation but how multiple innovations are experimented with and combined in an existing urban context. In addition, the research addresses how this transition is governed on a municipality level and is achieved through a multiple case study approach, analysed through the lens of environmental governance and offers an empirical exploration and develops the theoretical and conceptual framework of the socio-technical system further.

PEREIRA, Alexandre Queiroz. Veraneio marítimo e expansão metropolitana no Ceará: Fortaleza em Aquiraz. 2006. 158 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em geografia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2006. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-06-07T19:34:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_aqpereira.pdf: 4688996 bytes, checksum: 5a5a16ba20c5326296491b28d38d114c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-06-07T20:58:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_aqpereira.pdf: 4688996 bytes, checksum: 5a5a16ba20c5326296491b28d38d114c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T20:58:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_aqpereira.pdf: 4688996 bytes, checksum: 5a5a16ba20c5326296491b28d38d114c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / The research Veraneio Marítimo e Expansão Metropolitana no Ceará: Fortaleza em Aquiraz (Maritime Summering and Metropolis expansion: Fortaleza in Aquiraz), has, as a general goal, to understand the relation between the valorization of coast spaces and the expansion of the metropolis of Ceará. The doing of modern maritime activities (sea baths, tourism, summering), especially summering, represent new possibilities of approximation of society with the sea, detaching the coast space as the main place that populations of big cities have to have fun and to live. This way, the urbanization becomes a process related to the dissemination of the modern maritime life. The modern maritime life is spread out for the society of Fortaleza for the whole state of Ceara from the 70’s, and first reaches the small citys of Aquiraz and Caucaia, members since 1973 of the initial formation of the metropolitan region of Fortaleza. To understand this process, the case of the expansion of the maritime summering thru the cost of Aquiraz was analized. When you understand the influence of the metropolis in the spreading of maritime summering, you see how the coast space is reached by the urban tissue of Fortaleza. The summering people, real estate entrepreneurs, the people who live in local beaches, the public power of small cities and States are social subjects involved in the process of the making of un urban discontinous morphology, characterized by urban divisions and accumulations of second residences. The household-electric, the car traffic, the tv, the habits, the differentiated standard of accessing the land generates indicative unfoldings of the arrival of the urban one in the littoral space of Aquiraz. The buildings of summering represent new trends related to the desire of isolation, associated to the people who live in Fortaleza. The analysis of the nuclei of Iguape, Prainha, Porto das Dunas and Plug demonstrates that the summering in Aquiraz constitutes territories, in which the metropolis and its society exist. Analyzing the Managing Plan of Urban Development of Aquiraz, concluded in the year of 2001, it was understood that the small city public power, based on the plans of government of the state public power, legitimizes the process of valuation of the littoral space and assigns, through laws and zonings, preferential areas for the expansion of the process of littoral valuation. It is proven valuation of the littoral spaces as a necessary process for the expansion of the metropolis for the metropolitans small cities pertaining to the state of Ceará. / A pesquisa Veraneio Marítimo e Expansão Metropolitana no Ceará: Fortaleza em Aquiraz, tem como objetivo geral compreender a relação entre a valorização dos espaços litorâneos e a expansão da Metrópole cearense. As práticas marítimas modernas (banhos de mar, veraneio e turismo), em especial o veraneio, representam novas possibilidades de aproximação da sociedade com o mar, destacando o espaço litorâneo como prioritário para o lazer e moradia das populações das grandes aglomerações urbanas. Desta forma, a urbanização se torna processo dialeticamente relacionado à disseminação da maritimidade moderna. Esta é difundida pela sociedade fortalezense por todo o Estado do Ceará a partir dos anos 1970 e alcança, primeiramente, os municípios de Aquiraz e Caucaia, integrantes, desde 1973, da formação inicial da Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza. Para compreender este processo, foi analisado o caso da expansão do veraneio marítimo em direção ao espaço litorâneo de Aquiraz. Entender a influência da Metrópole na divulgação do veraneio marítimo revela como o espaço litorâneo é alcançado pelo tecido urbano de Fortaleza. Os veranistas, os empreendedores imobiliários, os moradores das localidades praianas, o poder público municipal e estadual são sujeitos sociais envolvidos no processo constituidor de uma morfologia urbana descontínua, caracterizada por parcelamentos urbanos e por aglomerados de segundas residências. Os eletrodomésticos, o trânsito de automóveis, a televisão, os costumes, o padrão diferenciado de acesso à terra ocasionam desdobramentos indicativos da chegado do urbano no espaço litorâneo de Aquiraz. Os condomínios de veraneio representam novas tendências relacionadas ao desejo por isolamento associado aos fortalezenses. A análise dos núcleos de Iguape, Prainha, Porto das Dunas e Batoque demonstra que o veraneio em Aquiraz constitui territórios, nos quais a Metrópole e sua sociedade estão presentes. Analisando o Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Urbano de Aquiraz, concluído no ano de 2001, compreendeu-se que o Poder público municipal, fundamentado nos planos de governo do Poder público estadual legitima a valorização do espaço litorâneo e designa, mediante leis e zoneamentos, áreas preferenciais para a expansão do processo de valorização litorânea. Evidencia-se a valorização dos espaços litorâneos como condicionante para a expansão da Metrópole pelos municípios metropolitanos cearenses.

Urban green spaces and trees are increasingly recognised as crucial elements in the quest for urban sustainability internationally, and for the promotion of urban liveability and quality of life in cities. So much so that many countries now have guidelines or regulations regarding either the amount of urban greenery that must be provided per capita, or the maximum distance that any dwelling can be from green spaces of stipulated sizes. For example, the European Union recently more than doubled its recommendation of 9 m2 of public green per person to 20 m2 per person.

abstract: Public participation is considered an essential process for achieving sustainable urban development. Often, however, insufficient attention is paid to the design of public participation, and processes are formulaic. Then, participation may not match the local context of the communities within which a project is conducted. As a result, participation may become co-optative or coercive, stakeholders may lose trust, and outcomes may favor special interests or be unsustainable, among other shortcomings. In this research, urban public participation is a collaborative decision-making process between residents, businesses, experts, public officials, and other stakeholders. When processes are not attuned with the local context (participant lifestyles, needs, interests, and capacities) misalignments between process and context arise around living conditions and personal circumstances, stakeholder trust, civic engagement, collaborative capacity, and sustainability literacy, among others. This dissertation asks (1) what challenges arise when the public participation process does not match the local context, (2) what are key elements of public participation processes that are aligned with the local context, (3) what are ways to design public participation that align with specific local contexts, and (4) what societal qualities and conditions are necessary for meaningful participatory processes? These questions are answered through four interrelated studies. Study 1 analyzes the current state of the problem by reviewing public participation processes and categorizing common misalignments with the local context. Study 2 envisions a future in which the problem is solved by identifying the features of well-aligned processes. Studies 3 and 4 test interventions for achieving the vision. This dissertation presents a framework for analyzing the local context in urban development projects and designing public participation processes to meet this context. This work envisions public participation processes aligned with their local context, and it presents directives for designing deliberative decision-making processes for sustainable urban development. The dissertation applies a systems perspective to the social process of public participation, and it provides empirical support for theoretical debates on public participation while creating actionable knowledge for planners and practitioners. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Sustainability 2015

In the scholarly literature on smart city, normative and prescriptive approaches dominate. Most publications with analytic goals focus on transnational corporations, the related global imaginary of a smart city, and on associated new technologies. In comparison, actually existing smart cities have seldom been investigated. This is even more the case for public governance arrangements of smart city policies. Our study compares three EU cities in this regard, which are attempting to take a lead in smart city development. In addition, urban agriculture and citizens' participation are specifically investigated in their relation to smart city policy-making. Based on policy document and media discourse analysis, interviews, and participant observation, three governance arrangements of smart city policies are identified: hierarchical governance by the government in Barcelona between 2011 and 2015, closed co-governance by the city executive and non-governmental actors in Vienna and since 2015 in Barcelona, and open co-governance in Berlin. Citizens' participation is in the center in Barcelona since 2015, and is potentially important in Berlin. The Viennese smart city governance arrangement is characterized by non-hierarchical bargaining within the administration and signals innovative meta-governance, without citizens' participation. In all three cities, international dynamics play a crucial role for engaging with smart city, but it is enacted in particular ways according to place-specific history, social forces, and economic and political conditions. The meaning of smart city varies thus considerably: a comprehensive urban sustainability strategy focused upon climate policy goals in Vienna; a comprehensive internationalization strategy in Barcelona between 2011 and 2015; a limited technology- and business-oriented approach in Berlin; and a limited digital city frame geared to participatory democracy and technological sovereignty in Barcelona since 2015. Contrary to the literature, we highlight the agency of city executives, and the place-specific enactments that global smart city imaginaries undergo. Current smart city policies express more continuity than rupture with regard to urban development policies in our case study cities. / Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

Thesis (DTech (Civil Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / South Africa’s government is faced with the challenge of providing housing for its citizens, especially the historically disadvantaged population who seek job opportunities and improvement on their life style in urban areas. To achieve this laudable goal, the South African construction industry must be proactive in its approach to the construction of affordable housing, and must adopt construction strategies that enhances sustainable housing development. Born from this challenge is the need for research to establish how sustainable development concepts could be integrated into housing construction processes, with a view to develop strategies to achieve affordable housing that enhances sustainability, to cater for South Africans in need of decent accommodation. The study developed a conceptual model through extensive review of extant literature; South Africa housing policy and legislation, sustainable construction and development, socioeconomic considerations for sustainable building development, and strategies for sustainable building construction amongst other were reviewed. The study adopted a sequential mixed method approach for data gathering, whereby an initial qualitative pilot survey was conducted to test the existence of the research problems identified in this study and to validate the conceptual model constructs.

The thesis brings the urban development of the town of Strakonice during the last {--} 20th century. The work is based on the written and the iconographic materials stored in the State District Archives Strakonice and in the Museum of the Middle Pootaví Strakonice. The first chapter outlines the development and the transformations of the built-up area around the junction of rivers Otava and Volyňka from the first mentions to the end of the 19th century. The original settlements around the castle, which was founded by the family of Bavor, evolved into the town during the Middle Ages. The village of Bezděkov was promoted to the town of Nové Strakonice in 1869 and this has become a part of the city of Strakonice since 1919. The second part of the work is the main part and it deals with the transformations in the first half of the 20th century. The period between 1918 and 1938 is important for the overall development of the town. The built expands beyond the former city walls the industrial enterprises establish and develop. The next chapter follows the approach of building development in the years 1948 - 1989. Many demolition and new construction, all this changed Strakonice unrecognizable. The final section is devoted to the monuments which survived the 20th century. Fate of these buildings, even those already non-existent are interconnected with the local population, therefore, the work also refers to the social and cultural life in the town. The thesis brings this period of constant changes and twists and seeks to contribute to complement the history of the town of Strakonice.

Les façons de concevoir et fabriquer la ville de Siem Reap, située aux portes du site d'Angkor classé au patrimoine mondial (1992), induites ou suscitées par le tourisme, sont l'objet de la recherche. La thèse interroge le rapport conflictuel entre planification et fabrication urbaine : si les plans de la coopération internationale produisent un domaine d'action ainsi qu'un cadre conceptuel à travers lequel le territoire est appréhendé, d'autres logiques et procédures détournent le cadre réglementaire. Dans les discours programmatiques et normatifs élaborés à partir de notions d'origine occidentale, maintenant diffusées à l'échelle internationale, ainsi que dans l'organisation institutionnelle, nous recherchons les failles qui mènent les plans à l'échec. Sans nier les effets de tabula rasa, nous argumentons l'entrée en jeu de différentes formes d'héritage dans les aménagements de l'espace : les représentations des lieux, produites à partir du XIXe siècle, qui influencent les projets d'hôtels et équipements ; les formes et les pratiques mobilisées par les habitants, dont la négociation avec des modèles exogènes aboutit à des compositions originales / After Angkor was listed as a World Heritage Site (1992), Siem Reap town which is situated at its doorway experienced intense urban development. The thesis investigates the processes of urban development and architectural design created under the influence of tourism. The research questions the conflicts between planning and urban development. While the plans carried out by international cooperation produce a domain of action and a conceptual framework through which the territory is apprehended, private stakeholders' procedures and objectives succeed in diverting regulations. We show that the faults which cause the failure of the plans have to be sought in the programs and the rules shaped by Western-based notions now disseminated at the international scale. Without denying the tabula rasa of urban landscapes, we argue that different forms of heritage play a part in architectural design and urban transformations: - the representations of places, produced since the 19th century, shape tourism linked projects; - inherited forms and practices mobilized by the inhabitants are negotiated with exogenous models and lead to original urban shapes

Na tomada de decisão, para construção e ampliação das redes de infra-estrutura, diferentes fatores devem ser considerados para a priorização do atendimento a áreas que constituirão um mercado consumidor potencial para o serviço em questão. Neste trabalho, propõe-se a análise conjunta de aspectos sociais, técnicos e econômicos associados ao processo de ocupação dos grandes centros urbanos, como base para verificação de estimativas de mercado, custos e técnicas mais apropriadas para a ampliação da infra-estrutura de distribuição canalizada de gás natural. Como base ao estudo proposto, sugere-se a criação de um modelo, que integre a compreensão da dinâmica urbana às estratégias de expansão da rede de distribuição de gás, caracterizando as possibilidades de consumo em faixas de atratividade. A metodologia desenvolve-se através da organização de 4 sistemas de informações: aspectos de qualidade de vida, planejamento urbano, projeções de demanda por estratificação em tipos de uso do solo e características da obra civil. Relacionando dados sociais ao consumo estimado por tipo de ocupação do solo às características de ramificação da rede, a metodologia permite classificar cada área que compõe uma cidade segundo a viabilidade (atratividade) de implantação da rede de distribuição de gás e os locais com potencial de adensamento da rede já existente. Para verificação da coerência metodológica, seleciona-se como estudos de caso os Municípios de São Paulo, São Caetano do Sul e oito municípios da Região Administrativa de Araçatuba. Como conclusão, apresenta-se o ranking de atratividade a implantação do gás canalizado nessas cidades através da modelagem baseada na dinâmica urbana, a fim de apontar as possibilidades do gás natural, substituir outras formas de energia final nos usos urbanos, além de apresentar diretrizes tecnológicas para os Planos Diretores das cidades, visando à incorporação sustentável dessa infra-estrutura. Os resultados obtidos são coerentes à real expansão do serviço, demonstrando ser o modelo, uma ferramenta de bom grau de precisão, fácil compreensão e utilização como auxiliar no processo de tomada de decisão sobre a expansão e adensamento da rede canalizada de gás natural nas cidades brasileiras. / In the decision-making process for the construction and expansion of natural gas infrastructure, different factors must be considered to prioritize areas with high market potential for the given service. The aim of this work is to propose a systemic analysis of social, technical and economics profile relating to the development process of the great urban areas for assessing the market esteems, the costs and the most appropriate techniques for expanding the natural gas distribution infrastructure.In this work, an analytical methodology that integrates the understanding of the urban dynamics to the strategies of expansion in the natural gas distribution network is considered, characterizing gas consumption possibilities on attractiveness groups. The methodology is developed by gathering four information systems: life quality, urban plan, gas consumption projections by land use stratification and network system (civil engineering work). By relating the gas consumption estimated by each type of land occupation and the cost for expanding the gas distribution network, the model will indicate, for each neighborhood, the viability of implementing a gas network as well as the places with potential for growing density in the existing gas distribution system. For the methodological coherence analysis, the cities of São Paulo, São Caetano do Sul and eight cities of Araçatuba Administrative Area, are selected. As conclusion, the attractiveness ranking for the natural gas expansion are presented though the urban dynamics concept, showing the possibilities of the natural gas as an energy end use option in the urban services, beyond presenting technologies guidelines for the Urban Plans and the sustainable gas infrastructure incorporation in the cities. The results from the model use are satisfactory to the real natural gas service expansion. It has been demonstrated that the model proved to be a good tool with a reasonable precision degree, being easily understood and functioning as an auxiliary in the decision-making process for the natural gas expansion infrastructure in the Brazilian cities.

A dissertação parte do questionamento de como se deram as relações entre ideias e práticas de preservação do patrimônio e planejamento urbano a partir da iniciativa estadual mineira do \"Plano de Conservação, Valorização e Desenvolvimento de Ouro Preto e Mariana\", de 1975, elaborado pela Fundação João Pinheiro (FJP). Empreendemos nossos esforços no sentido de recuperar não apenas o momento em que essa aproximação ocorre no Brasil, mas também quais são os principais aspectos dessas relações nas décadas de 1960 e 1970. Nessa época foram realizadas iniciativas públicas de planejamento seguindo uma lógica sistêmica ratificada durante o período da ditadura militar. Órgãos como o Escritório de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (EPEA) e o Serviço Federal de Habitação e Urbanismo (SERFHAU) nos serviram de parâmetros nacionais para a análise da Fundação, em Minas Gerais, do seu Centro de Desenvolvimento Urbano (CDU) e do quadro profissional diretamente vinculado com a elaboração do Plano de Conservação. Até a década de 1960, apenas o campo cultural significou o esforço sistematizado de formação de políticas públicas de Estado, com a atuação do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN), que passou por mudanças institucionais na estrutura do Ministério de Educação e Cultura sem a perda do prestígio administrativo que havia adquirido desde sua fundação. Nesse sentido, faz-se necessária uma perspectiva que analise a mobilização dos principais agentes institucionais entre os dois campos nas distintas esferas governamentais e aquilo que a Fundação e o Plano podem indicar enquanto especificidade de suas atribuições. A documentação consultada e analisada, além do levantamento bibliográfico, abarcou produções publicadas por órgãos da administração direta e indireta dos governos federal e estadual, do poder legislativo e por encontros técnicos organizados no Brasil e internacionalmente e por veículos de imprensa de circulação local, na década de 1970. De acordo com a pesquisa realizada, a Fundação João Pinheiro representou importante sujeito nos processos de planejamento e preservação, com ações diversificadas. O Plano de Conservação, por sua vez, além de ter reunido um quadro profissional com passagens por distintos órgãos administrativos que não tinham associação com as políticas públicas culturais empreendidas pelo IPHAN, corroborou com a prática estruturada pelo Instituto até a década de 1970, nas prerrogativas de paisagismo que colocam as distintas formas de ocupação urbana de Ouro Preto sob a influência do conjunto histórico. Organizada em três capítulos, a dissertação aborda no primeiro a característica que o planejamento urbano atingiu no período da ditadura militar, salientando o aspecto institucional de dois órgãos do planejamento federal, o IPEA e o SERFHAU; no segundo, a emergência da Fundação num contexto estadual de racionalidade administrativa e institucionalização do planejamento econômico; e no terceiro, a organização do Plano de Conservação e suas premissas diretamente vinculadas à relação entre desenvolvimento urbano, conservação e atividade turística. / This dissertation asks how are the relationship between heritage conservation and urban planning ideas and practices from the \"Conservation, Recovery and Development Plan of Ouro Preto e Mariana\", 1975, prepared by the João Pinheiro Foundation. We undertook our efforts to recover not only the time that this approach happened in Brazil, but also what are the main aspects of these relations in the 1960s and 1970s. At that time public initiatives were carried out planning following a systemic logic ratified during the brazilian military dictatorship. Organs such as the Applied Economic Research Office (EPEA) and the Federal Office of Housing and Urban Development (SERFHAU) served in the national parameters for the analysis of the Foundation, in Minas Gerais, its Urban Development Centre and the professional staff directly linked with the development of the Conservation Plan. Until the 1960s, only the cultural area meant the systematic effort of forming public policy of the State, with the work of the National Institute for Historical and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN), which went through institutional changes in the structure of the Ministry of Education and Culture without the loss of administrative prestige it had acquired since its foundation. In this sense, a prospect that analysis is necessary to mobilize the main institutional actors between the two areas in the different spheres of government and what the Foundation and the Plan may indicate while specificity of their duties. Our documentation, further to consulted literature, embraced productions published by agencies of the direct and indirect administration of the federal and state governments, the legislature and technical meetings organized in Brazil and internationally and by local circulation media outlets in 1970s. According to the survey, the João Pinheiro Foundation represented an important subject in the planning and preservation processes, with diverse actions. The Conservation Plan, in turn, has assembled a professional team with passages by different administrative bodies that had no association with the cultural policies undertaken by IPHAN, corroborated the practice structured by the Institute until the 1970s, the prerogatives landscaping that put different forms of urban occupation of Ouro Preto under the influence of historical set. Organized in three chapters, the dissertation addresses the first to feature the urban planning reached during the military dictatorship, emphasizing the institutional aspect of two agencies of the federal planning, IPEA and the SERFHAU; in the second, the emergence of the João Pinheiro Foundation in a state context of administrative rationality and institutionalization of economic planning; and third, the organization of the Conservation Plan and its premises directly related to the relationship between urban development, conservation and tourism.