Marmara Sea and Black Sea connected with renowned Bosporus surround Istanbul, the city, which owns the privilege of bridging Europe and Asia. Besides such inland seas; forests and wetlands fragmented around and in the city maintain the natural cycle in the region. However, Istanbul as a fast developing urban area witnesses environmental issues like many other urban areas in global scale. Rapid economic and population growth of the city increase the pressure on above mentioned natural resources. Sustainable development of built environment is one of the best solutions in order to mitigate environmental damages of urban areas. The solution comes with green construction projects and systems yet the city and the market itself have barriers to block or slow the process of sustainable development. Identification of such barriers and reviewing international sustainable development practices paves the way for generating recommendations for environmentally friendly urban expansion in Istanbul. Survey targeting market professionals was conducted to identify sustainable development barriers in Istanbul and in order to address such barriers the thesis refers to conducted interviews and international practices presented in the literature review. The thesis draws economic, market and governmental recommendations which are particularly focused on financial incentives, raising awareness and enacting green laws involving all stakeholders of construction and real estate market.

In Europe, 45% of vegetables and fruit have been lost before consumption. The main reason for the loss is suboptimal food, which is perfect based on safety and security but imperfect according to appearance or packaging. In this project, I want to find out new possibilities in urban development by suggesting a participative food supply chain.  It aims to inspire a paradigm of urban development and shift people’s attitudes towards suboptimal food. The participative supply chain includes food production, distribution, and retail/consumption. By participating in the food supply, residents and visitors can understand how the food system works, grow their food and help with food processing. With interaction and collaboration workers, they can value more about the food they consume and even change their eating patterns.

ElectriCITY, a citizenship-driven economic association aims at making Hammarby Sjöstad the most climate-friendly district in Sweden. Their next step is to integrate urban agriculture into the neighborhood. Urban agriculture is, by definition, growing or producing food in a city. It allows, among other things, to increase access to locally grown food for the population nearby and to educate city dwellers on many aspects of agriculture. This project’s goal is to offer a large overview of urban agriculture and its different governance characteristics. In addition to the literature review and to have a better understanding of the relevant stakes of this field, the project was based on six different case studies that introduce various types of urban agriculture governance: SweGreen (Stockholm), Odlande Stadsbasarer (Stockholm), Nature Urbaine (Paris), the WandelGarten (Freiburg), the Tillsammansodling group of Viva (Gothenburg) and Greenhouse (Malmö). The study was built on desk studies, interviews, and two participant observations. It had a focus on the different governance characteristics of the urban agriculture approaches (internal, external, and contextual) based on a distinction between market-oriented projects and non-market-oriented ones. The findings showed similarities between the case studies on different points such as their approaches to sustainability or the need to have external partners and political support. They showed as well the importance to take into account the external and contextual factors for projects to be well-integrated into the urban system.

Sustainability certifications are becoming a frequently used method to deal with problems associated with sustainability. Citylab is a Swedish system that has been developed to guide municipalities in their work with planning sustainable neighbourhoods. The purpose of this study is to examine how Citylab affects large urban development projects in relation to municipal urban planning. In order to examine the purpose, a case study has been conducted, where two study objects in Norrtälje municipality and Helsingborg municipality were examined. The former municipality did only follow the framework of the system, while the latter municipality did proceed with the whole certification process. Norrtälje Hamn and Östra Ramlösa are both unique in their contexts regarding their extent and can therefore be seen as flagship projects in their respective municipalities. The study indicates that Citylab is a method that facilitates the inclusion of sustainability aspects regarding urban planning, but problems linked to social sustainability and follow-up procedures exist. In both projects there is a lack of cultural aspects and therefore these problems had to be dealt with outside of the framework of the system. Another similarity is the difficulty regarding the involvement of the entire organisation, otherwise problems connected to transferring of information can arise. Cooperation is a central part of the Citylab process, which is considered as challenging but educative in both of the examined municipalities. The urban planning process is prolonged in regard to time when a certification according to Citylab is conducted, which creates opportunities for more rigorous examination in specific problems. This can result in higher quality in the urban planning process, in the same time as it leads to higher costs. Lastly it is discussed if sustainability certifications will be a useful tool in future urban planning projects or if existing certified urban planning projects will have the same influence in regard to urban planning. / Miljöcertifieringar blir ett allt vanligare angreppssätt för hantera problem kopplade till hållbarhet. Citylab är ett svenskt system som tagits fram för att vägleda kommuner i arbetet med att planera hållbara stadsdelar. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur Citylab påverkar större stadsbyggnadsprojekt i relation till det kommunala planeringsarbetet. För att undersöka detta har en fallstudie gjorts, där två projekt undersökts i Norrtälje kommun och Helsingborgs stad. Den förstnämnda kommunen har enbart följt systemets ramverk, medan den sistnämnda har valt att genomföra hela certifieringsprocessen. Norrtälje Hamn och Östra Ramlösa är båda unika i sina kontexter mätt till dess omfattning och kan anses vara flaggskeppsprojekt i vardera kommun. Studien tyder på att Citylab är ett verktyg som underlättar inkluderingen av hållbarhetsaspekter i planeringsprocessen, men att problem kopplade till social hållbarhet och uppföljning finns. Gemensamt för projekten är avsaknaden av kulturella värden och att dessa behövde hanteras utanför certifieringens ramverk. Andra gemensamma beröringspunkter är svårigheten med att involvera hela organisationen i processen, annars kan problem kopplade till informationsöverföring uppstå. Samverkan är en central del av Citylab-processen, vilket ansetts som utmanade men lärorikt i de båda undersökta kommunerna. Planeringsprocessen förlängs tidsmässigt vid en certifiering enligt Citylab, vilket skapar förutsättningar för att djupare behandla specifika frågor. Detta kan medföra en högre kvalitet i planeringsarbetet, men samtidigt ökade kostnader. Avslutningsvis diskuteras om miljöcertifieringar kommer vara ett användbart verktyg även i framtida projekt eller om dagens certifierade projekt kommer ha samma verkan på planeringen.

The growing demand for urban areas has been a driving force for extensive changes to landscape. Thisrequires more focus on finding a balance between promoting urban development, and conservingbiodiversity in urban areas. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity andEcosystem Services (“IPBES”) suggests encouraging sustainable urban planning, as well as“maintaining, and designing for, ecological connectivity in urban spaces”. Ecological connectivity canbe modelled based on circuit theory. Landscape can be depicted as a conductive surface and resistancecan be attributed to landscape types according to its permeability to the movement of a species.Frösön is a district in the growing municipality of Östersund, Sweden, where several developmentplans are intended. This study aimed to identify where structural ecological connectivity existed inFrösön. It also aimed to determine where connectivity was disturbed by urban development, andexplore the options available to strengthen connectivity through establishing new ecological corridors.Land cover data was analysed to identify the forest patches that were larger than 50 000m2, andresistance values were attributed per land cover type. Circuitscape was used to model the connectivitybetween the forest patches, revealing the connectivity across Frösön. The development plans wereassessed to determine where the developments overlapped existing corridors with high connectivityvalues between forest patches. New corridors (pathways connecting high connectivity valuesbetween forest patches) that could compensate for the impact by development plans on connectivityas well as strengthen connectivity throughout Frösön were proposed. The findings in this reportconcur with the IPBES that urban development can be sustainable while preserving biodiversity.Additionally, the inclusion of connectivity models in the environmental impact assessment (“EIA”)process for developments, enables proactive decision-making on the design and location ofdevelopments. Moreover, it encourages urban development and the preservation of landscapeconnectivity. This study will be valuable to environmentalists carrying out EIAs and specialists thatopine on environmental policy and/or legislation. / <p>2022-0604</p>

大規模なスポーツ施設は、まちづくりの有効な手段とされているが、順調に進められていないことが多い。そこで、スポーツ施設整備に関する動向を把握した上で、スポーツ施設がまちづくりと整合性を持つための政策について政策過程の視点から検討する。その結果、これまで整備が目的化し整備ありきであった政策過程に対して、多様なアクターと問題の共有と合意形成を促し、まちづくりの有効な手段としての位置付けを可能とするスポーツ施設整備政策を構築した。 / 博士(政策科学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Policy and Management / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

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The transformation of cities into smart cities is a common occurrence today, and one of the reasons is urbanization. Technology contributes to the ability to deal with new problems that arise. The number of IoT platforms has increased due to their flexibility and value addition regarding interoperability, processing of IoT data, and analysis capability. An IoT platform's capabilities are desirable, not least to municipalities today. Through IoT devices, such as sensors, the municipality can increase their awareness of the city’s surroundings and stay up to date through better insight into trends or new challenges. However, IoT is in its infancy compared to other markets, and there is a limited understanding of the IoT subject in municipal contexts. These aspects contribute to difficulties when municipalities take on trends for smart city initiatives. There is still a lack of design and development guidelines regarding ICT solutions to enable the development of a holistic smart city. The few current smart city deployments also make it challenging to validate which technology should be adopted to achieve the vision for the smart city. Therefore, the study investigates how a central IoT platform might benefit municipal departments in urban development projects. The case study conducted within the City of Stockholm generated ten benefits that might occur if the central IoT platform were available within the municipal departments' urban development projects. The benefits were divided into three themes: ·         Information and data management ·         Reasons to use IoT data ·         Interoperability between the central IoT platform and systems

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Large-scale developments undergo a process known as Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA) in order to assess the environmental effects that the constructionmight incur, carried out by the municipal office. Only projects of a large area coverage such as highways and railroads are covered by this procedure. However, the effects of urban sprawl tend to be of significantly greater size than individual large-scale projects. This is handled via the principal of zoning, planning the area usage of city developments. To lend a greater understanding and awareness of the environmental effects of urban sprawl, and how to minimise these, the application of EIAs to the zoning work may prove viable. This investigation is conducted via a qualitative research methodology employing literary review, surveys and interviews to garner data on current opinion and knowledge to provide possibility for development. The data collected points to a disparate view of the application of EIAs in municipal work, based on reliance on external consultants and varying degrees of locally founded methods of application, as well as a lack of proper follow up to performed EIAs. In order to combat these issues and grant an increased efficacy of EIA appliance within environmental issues, and namely urban development, a potential for legal reclassification is advised, to require some form of relevant follow up, describe a more foundational groundwork in legal documentation. The potential for EIAs to counter the effects of urban sprawl are inherently boosted by these actions, but an attempt to directly apply this would be an increase in intensity for EIA appliance during regional zoning, to prevent overreliance on detailed zoning plans on each other.