Les villes de l’Europe s’efforcent aujourd’hui plus que jamais de soigner et de mettre en exergue leur patrimoine bâti. Dans le sillage d’une réévaluation postmoderne de l’objet « vieille ville », elles redécouvrent leurs propres quartiers anciens, autrefois négligés, et les élèvent au rang de patrimoine culturel. Cette promotion ne se manifeste pas seulement par la réhabilitation et par la mise en scène du bâti ancien, mais aussi par son intégration dans les stratégies de développement urbain. Dans le contexte international, et en particulier dans le cadre de la compétition urbaine, les villes se définissent de plus en plus à travers leur potentiel culturel tout en faisant référence à leurs origines historiques et leurs quartiers anciens. En effet, les quartiers anciens sont devenus les vitrines des villes, ils sont considérés comme des vecteurs majeurs d’identité et d’image. C’est en vertu de ces qualités qu’ils sont considérés comme étant aptes à attirer des touristes, des investissements, de la main d’œuvre qualifiée, etc.Cette étude a pour objectif de mettre en évidence le rôle du patrimoine urbain dans les stratégies de développement économique et urbain de Vienne et de Budapest, deux métropoles centre-européennes disposant l’une et l’autre de vastes quartiers historiques. L’analyse a été conduite sous l’aune de deux postulats, le premier étant que le patrimoine urbain est une construction intellectuelle du présent qui répond à des besoins actuels, le deuxième reposant sur le fait que le patrimoine urbain est fonctionnalisé en tant que ressource pour le développement économique et urbain dans le cadre des politiques urbaines postfordistes. / More than ever, European metropolises are concerned about their built heritage, its rehabilitation and staging. With the recent postmodern reassessment of the object “old town”, cities are rediscovering their own historic districts, formerly neglected, and are elevating them into a cultural heritage rank. Such promotion does not only appear in the guise of reconstruction of old building stock and its presentation but also by integrating built heritage into marketing and urban development strategies. In an international context, and particularly in light of competition amongst cities, they are increasingly defining themselves through their cultural potential by referring to their origins, their traditions and their built heritage. In essence, old quarters have become showcases of their cities, making them major coordinates of identity and image. It is due to these qualities that they are considered suitable to attract tourists, investments, qualified workforce etc.This study aims at examining the utilisation of urban heritage in the urban development strategies of Vienna and Budapest, two Central European metropolises, both of which boast a vast urban heritage. The study is based on two underlying hypotheses: Firstly, the urban cultural heritage is an intellectual construct of the present, which responds to current needs of society. Secondly, urban heritage can be functionalised as a resource for economic and urban development in postfordist urban policies.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:28:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 8940462 bytes, checksum: bb57b1d34a1eb4c30a66bfac57f3d6fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-06 / In recent decades the city of Viçosa (MG) has been undergoing a rapid and uncontrolled urban growth in the settlement process is done without any planning, disregarding laws and regulations of land use. As a result of this process is the development of geological-geotechnical risk areas, in which the occurrence of mass movements becomes something common during the rainy season, resulting in economic losses and, in most severe cases, loss of lives. In order to assess the real situation of risk areas of the city, this work presents the results of geological and geotechnical mapping of risk areas associated with mass movements in urban areas of Viçosa city, throughout the registration of points and areas of different risk degrees in accordance with the criteria defined by the Brazilian Ministry of Cities. The study area covers 51 districts of the municipality, of which 32 have presented risk areas and where 101 points and 45 risk areas were mapped and inserted in a georrefered data bank. In a second phase of the present research an analysis was done taking into account the use and occupation of urban soil, the slope of the urban area and federal and municipal urban legislation, in order to correlate land use and occupation of the city with both Federal Law No. 6.766/79 and Municipal Law No. 1.469/01, which regulates the maximum natural slope allowed for occupation of urban areas. As a result, 36 neighborhoods have occupied areas in discordance with those laws, where the natural land slope is greater than the maximum allowed, and totaling approximately 1,674 dwellings. Both methodologies can allow the municipal government to find solutions, interventions, monitoring and prevention of risk areas and better management and planning of urban growth of the city. / Nas últimas décadas a cidade de Viçosa (MG) vem passando por um acelerado e desordenado ritmo de crescimento urbano, em que o processo de ocupação é feito sem planejamento, desrespeitando leis e normas de ocupação do solo. O resultado deste processo é o surgimento de áreas de risco, em que a ocorrência de movimentos de massa passa a ser algo frequente nos períodos chuvosos, acarretando em perdas econômicas e, nos casos mais graves, perdas humanas no município. Visando a necessidade de avaliar a real situação das áreas de risco do município, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o mapeamento das áreas de risco geológico-geotécnicos associadas a movimentos de massas na área urbana de Viçosa-MG, através do cadastro de pontos e áreas de diferentes graus de risco geológico-geotécnico, de acordo com os critérios definidos pelo Ministério das Cidades. A área em estudo abrange 51 bairros do município, dos quais 32 apresentaram pontos ou áreas de risco. No total, foram mapeados 101 pontos e delimitadas 45 áreas de risco, que foram cadastradas em um banco de dados devidamente georreferenciado em ambiente SIG. Em uma segunda fase do trabalho foi feita uma análise levando em consideração o uso e ocupação do solo urbano, a declividade da área urbana e a legislação urbanística, com objetivo de correlacionar o uso e ocupação no município com as disposições da Lei Federal n° 6.766/79 e da Lei Municipal n° 1.469/01, que dispõem e regulamentam sobre a declividade máxima do terreno para o parcelamento de solo urbano. Constatou-se que em Viçosa 36 bairros apresentam áreas em que a ocupação descumpre a legislação, nas quais a declividade do terreno é superior à máxima permitida, totalizando aproximadamente 1.674 moradias em situação irregular. Ambas as metodologias permitem ao poder público municipal a busca de soluções, intervenções, monitoramento e prevenção de áreas de risco e uma melhor gestão e planejamento do crescimento urbano do município.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Town and Regional Planning in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology / Political independence for Zimbabwe in 1980 brought about fundamental socio-conomic changes which impacted on urbanisation trends in the country. For instance the removal of colonial influx control laws and regulations which had previously served to curtail ruralurban migration marked the beginning of a new developmental era characterised by rapid urbanisation. Political and economic downturns later experienced in the country in the last decade of the twentieth century and after resulted in massive de-industrialisation, company closures and high unemployment. These changes impacted significantly on the spatial structure of cities which had to firstly adapt to socio-political integration, and had to later focus on the basic challenges of providing shelter and alternative means of employment in a depressed economy. The physical and spatial manifestations of such changes included the rapid growth of informality, the collapse of urban infrastructure and the apparent disregard for the colonially styled urban development management frameworks. This research consequently evaluates the performance of current urban planning frameworks and practices in the face of such changing circumstances. This is against a backdrop of the apparent failure by urban planning to transform in line such development trends. The study explores the theoretical framework of rapid urbanisation, urban planning, and technological innovation in urban development management systems. The main focus of the study is on the transformation of planning practices and frameworks. Geo-spatial technology (GST) is mainly used as a demonstration and methodological tool for analysis and evaluation. The methodology is made up of two contrasting case studies based in the CBD of Harare (Zimbabwe‟s capital city) and Epworth (an informal settlement on the outskirts of Harare). The CBD case study measures the performance of planning frameworks within a formally planned set up whilst the Epworth case study demonstrates the (in)effectiveness of current planning practices to contemporary urban development challenges. The main findings of the research support the need to have mobile planning frameworks and tools that have the capacity to promptly respond to fast changing developmental trends. The other main finding highlights the positive relationship between impartial participation in planning and high level of success in achieving planning objectives.

abstract: Sustainable development in an American context implies an ongoing shift from quantitative growth in energy, resource, and land use to the qualitative development of social-ecological systems, human capital, and dense, vibrant built environments. Sustainable urban development theory emphasizes locally and bioregionally emplaced economic development where the relationships between people, localities, products, and capital are tangible to and controllable by local stakeholders. Critical theory provides a mature understanding of the political economy of land development in capitalist economies, representing a crucial bridge between urban sustainability's infill development goals and the contemporary realities of the development industry. Since its inception, Phoenix, Arizona has exemplified the quantitative growth paradigm, and recurring instances of land speculation, non-local capital investment, and growth-based public policy have stymied local, tangible control over development from Phoenix's territorial history to modern attempts at downtown revitalization. Utilizing property ownership and sales data as well as interviews with development industry stakeholders, the political economy of infill land development in downtown Phoenix during the mid-2000s boom-and-bust cycle is analyzed. Data indicate that non-local property ownership has risen significantly over the past 20 years and rent-seeking land speculation has been a significant barrier to infill development. Many speculative strategies monopolize the publicly created value inherent in zoning entitlements, tax incentives and property assessment, indicating that political and policy reforms targeted at a variety of governance levels are crucial for achieving the sustainable development of urban land. Policy solutions include reforming the interconnected system of property sales, value assessment, and taxation to emphasize property use values; replacing existing tax incentives with tax increment financing and community development benefit agreements; regulating vacant land ownership and deed transfers; and encouraging innovative private development and tenure models like generative construction and community land trusts. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Sustainability 2013

The aim of this study is to investigate how densification can be used to increase social and ecological sustainability in an urban area. This study focuses on the visions of the municipality of Sundsvall, a city located on the east coast of central Sweden, from a social and ecological sustainable development perspective and whether these visions are achievable for the densification of its urban centre. Additionally, this study considers how densification fulfils the social and ecological urban development of the city of Sundsvall. Given the possibility of both positive and negative impacts occurring through densification it is prudent to consider these impacts and to determine whether these impacts can be reduced by a socioecological urban developing perspective. To determine this, this study uses both quantitative and qualitative methods, such as GIS analysis, personal interviews and municipality resources to establish a sustainable, social and ecological outcome for the urban centre. Sundsvall aims to achieve a higher population density within its city centre. Increase accessibility to the waterfront and improve public transport options, therefore reducing the need for private vehicles and promoting environmentally sustainable alternatives. The aims of the municipality are certainly attainable, however due to certain factors specific to Sundsvall, these can only be achieved to a certain extent. Given the city’s location between two mountains, issues like sunlight, limited space for public service and the inability for smog to easily disperse creates a plethora of issues discussed in this study.

Este trabalho trata dos principais elementos da dinâmica do desenvolvimento de São José do Rio Preto, organizados em quatro períodos do planejamento urbano: o primeiro, refere-se à lei de zoneamento de 1958 e à idéia de promover o desenvolvimento industrial na cidade; o segundo, a partir da década de 1970, é marcado pela intervenção estratégica do estado militar desenvolvimentista, fundamental na configuração do desenvolvimento do município; o terceiro, ocorre no período de redemocratização do país, com a elaboração do plano diretor, em 1992, que tem como objetivo definir um padrão de desenvolvimento econômico moderno e preparar a rede físico-territorial para absorver o crescimento da cidade; e, o quarto período, encerra-se com a revisão do plano, denominado plano diretor de desenvolvimento sustentável, em 2006, pós a obrigatoriedade constitucional de inserir a população no processo de planejamento urbano. A participação popular passa, ainda, a ser garantida na gestão do orçamento público, por meio da instituição, em 2001, do orçamento participativo local. Um elemento decisivo na configuração do processo de desenvolvimento e de planejamento urbano de São José do Rio Preto, refere-se à ação das elites locais no fortalecimento da posição polarizadora da economia e à utilização da técnica para planejar a cidade. / This work treats of the main elements of the dynamics of the development of São José do Rio Preto, organized in four periods of the urban planning: the first, refers to the law of zoning of 1958 and the idea of promoting the industrial development in the city; the second, starting from the decade of 1970, is marked by the strategic intervention of the developing military state, which is fundamental to the configuration of the development of the municipal district; the third, happens in the period of redemocratization of the country, with the elaboration of the master plan, in 1992, which aims to define a pattern of modern economical development and to prepare the physical-territorial net to absorb the growth of the city; and, the fourth period, which closes up with the revision of the plan, denominated master plan of maintainable development, in 2006, after the constitutional compulsory nature of inserting the population in the process of urban planning. The popular participation is guaranteed in the administration of the public budget, through the institution, in 2001, of the local participative budget. A decisive element in the configuration of the development process of the urban planning of São José do Rio Preto refers to the action of the local elites in the strengthening of the pole position of the economy and the use of the technique to plan the city.

Formular uma proposição para processos de desenvolvimento local a serem institucionalizados por organizações governamentais e/ou nãogovernamentais nas comunidades através de ações destinadas a estimular a conexão entre economia regional e mundial é o objetivo deste estudo. Esta preocupação advém de que os modelos econômicos baseados em localidades, concebidos e estruturados através da percepção dos indivíduos, enquanto seres intelectuais e capazes de contribuir com sua cultura e sua criatividade para o crescimento econômico local, necessitam de um processo coletivo para a criação e condução de ações de desenvolvimento endógenas. Percebeu-se que há urgência de uma mudança radical na mentalidade coletiva como a que determinou a importância da tecnologia na Revolução Industrial no processo de transformação da sociedade agrária na sociedade industrial. Agora, com a metamorfose desta na sociedade digital, a relevância é a cognição, onde a meta é o entendimento do entrelaçamento do microcosmo da localidade com a dimensão mundial, para estabelecer um modelo de desenvolvimento econômico através da capacidade da sociedade de planejar e conduzir sua própria experiência local. A proposição desta tese é que esta capacitação, normalmente função do desenvolvimento institucional decorrente de um processo histórico, se desencadeie nas regiões a partir de um processo cognitivo coletivo. O conhecimento, onde se encontram elementos que possibilitam a compreensão de relações complexas e abstratas, como as econômicas, dessa maneira gerenciado, deverá estabelecer formas de organização e julgamento das idéias e conceitos necessários para a construção de um modelo original resultante de características culturais da população, que dessa maneira poderá contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável global com criatividade e inovação. / To formulate a proposition for local development processes to be institutionalized by both governmental and non-governmental organizations in the communities, through actions bound to stimulate the connection between regional and world economies is the aim of this work. This concern derives from the fact that the economic models based on localities, conceived and structured through the perception of individuals, while intellectual beings and capable of contributing with their culture and creativity to the local economic growth, need a collective process for generating and conducting endogenous development actions. It was perceived that a radical change in the collective mind urged, as the one which determined the importance of technology in the Industrial Revolution in the process of transforming a rural society into an industrial one. Now, with the metamorphosis of this digital society, the relevance is cognition. The goal is the understanding of the locality micro cosmos interwoven with the world dimension, so as to establish a model for economic development through society\'s ability to plan and conduct its own local experience. This thesis proposition is that this capacitating, usually a function of institutional development deriving from a historical process, is unleashed in the regions from a collective cognitive process. Knowledge, where elements are found that allow understanding complex and abstract relations, such as the economic ones, thus managed, will establish forms for organizing and assessing the ideas and concepts necessary to set an original model that can be a result of the cultural characteristics of the population, which may contribute for global sustainable development with creativity and innovation.

Nesta dissertação é realizada a aplicação do método do valor agregado no monitoramento e controle da execução de obras de loteamentos urbanos residenciais. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a aplicação do método e sobre os métodos e teorias de gestão mais usuais no controle de obras da construção civil. Como não foi identificada nenhuma bibliografia com a aplicação do método do valor agregado nesse tipo de obras, foi realizada a aplicação em trinta e quatro empreendimentos de uma empresa do setor, a fim de verificar sua efetividade no monitoramento e controle das obras. Essa aplicação foi descrita detalhadamente para possível aplicação em ferramenta de monitoramento e controle de outras obras de loteamentos urbanos residenciais, que compreende obras de infraestrutura urbana, edificações e paisagismo. Para verificação da efetividade da aplicação do método do valor agregado, foi analisado o seu resultado em relação ao custo real final das obras e realizada a comparação entre as projeções de prazo e custo obtidas com a aplicação e as projeções do método atual de monitoramento e controle da empresa. Dessa forma, verificou-se que a aplicação do método do valor agregado para projeção de custos de obras é efetiva, porém não apresenta os mesmos resultados em relação à projeção de prazo de finalização. / This dissertation performs the application of the earned value analysis (EVA) in the execution\'s monitoring and controlling of residential urban development projects. Initially, it was done a bibliographic review about the application of EVA and about the most recognized methods and theories of management and construction work\'s controlling. How it wasn\'t found bibliography about the application of the earned value analysis in this type of projects, it was applied in thirty-four projects of a company of the sector, in order to verify its effectiveness in the work\'s monitoring and controlling. This application was described in detail for future application in a monitoring and controlling\'s tool for other residential urban development works, which includes urban infrastructure works, buildings and landscaping. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method\'s application, the result was analyzed in relation of final real cost of works and a comparison was done between the projections of time and cost obtained with the application of EVA with the projections obtained with the current method of monitoring and controlling of the company under study. Therefore, it was verified that the application of the earned value analysis for the projection of construction costs is effective, but it doesn\'t show the same results about the projection of the work\'s completion period.

Orientador: Marcelo Weishaupt Proni / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T20:39:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Faustino_RaphaelBrito_M.pdf: 3812937 bytes, checksum: cc89ce58853da83ae3c174c239cba0ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O processo de urbanização no Brasil avançou de forma desordenada, o que resultou numa grave crise urbana no último quarto do século passado. O problema urbano deteriorou-se sobremaneira a partir da crise econômica ocorrida nos anos 1980 e não foi solucionado durante a recuperação econômica dos anos 2000. Ainda hoje se verificam, em variadas escalas, a depender do tamanho das cidades, diversos problemas relacionados ao processo de urbanização, mas também vinculados ao padrão de políticas públicas adotadas para a área de desenvolvimento urbano. A partir de 1988, diversos marcos institucionais e regulatórios foram definidos para o desenvolvimento urbano, em conjunto com expressiva evolução dos recursos aplicados. Contudo, as políticas destinadas ao enfrentamento da questão não proporcionaram uma melhoria consistente das condições de vida nas cidades brasileiras. Procurando contribuir para o debate dessa questão, o objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a trajetória da evolução institucional, a aprovação dos marcos regulatórios e a evolução dos principais programas para a áreas de habitação, saneamento e mobilidade urbana. Para tal, além de examinar o discurso do governo federal sobre as diretrizes dos referidos programas, o estudo também contempla uma avaliação dos resultados obtidos a partir dos principais indicadores disponíveis. Fica evidente que o processo de institucionalização e a regulação das políticas de desenvolvimento urbano constituíram um avanço importante, mas não foram suficientes para modificar substantivamente o quadro urbano brasileiro, uma vez que a questão urbana ultrapassa o âmbito dessas políticas setoriais, articulando-se com os desequilíbrios do desenvolvimento capitalista brasileiro, caracterizado por profunda desigualdade social, que acaba por se refletir nas cidades / Abstract: The urbanization process in Brazil advanced in a disorderly way, which resulted in a severe urban crisis in the last quarter of the last century. The urban problem has deteriorated from the economic crisis that occurred in the 1980s and was not resolved during the economic recovery of the 2000s. Many problems related to the process of urbanization still occur, with some differences depending on the size of cities, but also linked to the pattern of public policies adopted in the area of urban development. Since 1988, many institutional and regulatory frameworks have been defined for urban development. Also, the urban policy had a significant increase of the funds invested. However, these policies had not provided a consistent improvement of living conditions in cities. The aim of this study is analyze the trajectory of institutional evolution, the approval of regulatory frameworks and the main programs for areas of housing, sanitation and urban mobility. To this end, in addition to examining the official documents of the federal government about the guidelines of these programs, the study also includes an evaluation of the results obtained from the main indicators available. It is evident that the process of institutionalization and regulation of urban development policies were an important step forward, but not enough to modify the brazilian urban context. The urban problems linking up with imbalances in the brazilian capitalist development, that is characterized by deep social inequality, which reflects in the cities / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Vitte / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T13:28:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fraisoli_Camila_M.pdf: 7078126 bytes, checksum: 3df9530ef62a338c1bdd5f3750f4c413 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: No processo de produção do espaço, o homem se relaciona com o meio ambiente por este se .configurar como suporte à sua sobrevivência, objeto, meio e condição para o processo produtivo, tendo como mediador dessa relação o trabalho humano. A relação homem - meio ambiente, como suporte à construção do espaço social, deve ter como base analítica, primeiro, os agentes e ações do capital que, através da valorização capitalista, produzem e organizam o espaço. Em segundo lugar, é necessário compreender como a ocupação e organização do espaço, pautadas na valorização capitalista, alteram e desestabilizam os sistemas naturais. . Alterado pelas relações capitalistas de valorização e construção do espaço, o sistema natural toma-se instável. Sua dinâmica natural passa a responder a novos estímulos e processos, podendo ter como resultado a "fragilização" do sistema. O espaço urbano da Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Santo Antonio, município de Mogi Mirim, São Paulo, desde a década de 1980, vem sofrendo um crescente processo de valorização de seu meio ambiente e alteração de seus sistemas naturais, tendo como principais agentes transformadores o governo municipal e o mercado imobiliário. Tendo em vista a problemática averiguada na área, o objetivo desse estudo é analisar a fragilidade ambiental da Bacia, causada pelas constantes intervenções sociais no sistema natural. A fragilidade ambiental da área será caracterizada através da composição de uma carta final de fragilidade ambiental, tendo como guia a metodologia de ROSS (1994), que propõe o estudo da fragilidade ambiental a partir da análise de elementos naturais e sociais dos sistemas / Abstract: In the process of production of the space, the man links with the environment for this to configure as support to your survival, object, way and condition for the productive process, tends as mediator of that relationship the human work. The relationship man - environment, as support to the construction of the social space, it should have as base analytic, &st, the agents and actions of the capital that, through the capitalist valorization, they produce and they organize the space. In second place, it is necessary to understand as the occupation and organization of the space, ruled in the capitalist valorization, change and destabilize the natural systems. Altered by the capitalist relationships of valorization and construction of the space, the natural system becomes unstable. Y our dynamics natural raisin to answer to new incentives and processes, could have as result the fragility of the system. The urban space of the Basin of the Córrego Santo Antonio, municipal district of Mogi Mirim, São Paulo, since the decade of 1980, is suffering a crescent process of valorization of your environment and alteration of your natural systems, tends as main agents transformers the municipal government and the real estate market. Tends in view the problem discovered in the area, the objective of that study is to analyze the environmental fragility of the Basin, caused by the constants social interventions in the natural system. The environmental fragility of the area will be characterized through the composition of a final letter of environmental fragility, tends as guide the methodology of ROSS (1994), that proposes the study of the environmental fragility starting from the ana1ysis of natural and social elements of the systems / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia