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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Determination of the convective heat transfer coefficients from the surfaces of buildings within urban street canyons

Smith, James O. January 2010 (has links)
In the summer of 2007, the number of people living in the world’s urban areas exceeded that of those living in the countryside. Such urbanisation tends to modify the climates of towns and cities as a result of a number of factors which together form the ‘urban heat island’ effect. In order to better design buildings and urban areas to cope with these effects, it is first necessary to understand the heat transfer mechanisms which are taking place. The aim of the current research has therefore been to provide convective heat transfer data appropriate for low-rise urban environments by investigating the effects of wind speed, direction and street geometry. The research has employed the naphthalene sublimation technique which has been extended in several fundamental areas including development of a novel approach to measure the rate of sublimation from wind tunnel models. This technique has permitted measurements to be made over an array of discrete locations, revealing the variation across building surfaces. The uncertainty in the convective heat transfer coefficients obtained was calculated to be approximately ±6%. Tests were conducted in the BRE wind tunnel with an atmospheric boundary layer simulation appropriate to inner city areas. Cube models were arranged so as to form long rows of flat-roofed buildings referred to as ‘street canyons’. A series of correlations have been derived from the experimental results from which the rate of convection occurring from each building surface may be obtained with respect to wind speed. The greatest rates of convective heat transfer have been shown to occur at the top of the windward wall and leading edge of the roof, the lowest rates from the leeward wall of a building. Convection was found to be reduced in narrow street canyons. In wider street canyons, the convective coefficients on the exposed windward and roof surfaces of buildings were higher, but the values on the leeward wall are lessened due to the distancing of the downstream windward vortex. The effect of wind direction was found to be relatively small and therefore it is proposed that the convective heat transfer relationships presented may be applied irrespective of wind direction.
2

The Urban Heat Islands Analysis : Factors of Building Surface, Green Area and Lighting

Liu, Hanyue, Liu, Qian January 2012 (has links)
Summary The development of urbanization and industrialization has improved the comfort level and the quality of human’s life effectively. But at the same time, it also caused many global environment problems, such as air pollution, greenhouse effect and urban heat island (UHI).  The environment cannot keep the balance because of lots of industrial activities, anthropogenic heat and building surface effect. Almost 3 billion people, who are living in cities, have to face this situation, and the quantity is still increasing. The authors use literature research methodology, case study, comparative study and trend analysis study while writing. UHI have a harmful effect (such like photochemical smog and increasing energy use) on urban ecological environment, daily life and health. As the product of urbanization and industrialization, UHI has become one of the most important climate issues. Urban green space is helpful to reduce urban heat islands. London has a better urban green space system to face UHI and Hong Kong still has a long way to improve the green environment for reduce UHI. This article consider that roof greening is a suitable method to help Hong Kong gets rid of urban heat islands. And the lighting and population could indicate the level of urbanization, also can reflect the effect of urban heat islands preliminary. Over-capitalized lighting will exacerbate urban heat islands.
3

Do mice in Columbus, compared to the surrounding areas, follow Bergmann’s rule?

Blanton, Natalie J. 05 May 2021 (has links)
No description available.
4

A remote sensing analysis of residential land use, forest canopy distribution, and surface heat island formation in the Atlanta Metropolitan Region

Stone, Brian, Jr. 05 1900 (has links)
No description available.
5

Relação entre ilhas de calor urbano e mudanças no uso da terra: um estudo de caso para Londrina - PR.

COSTA, Ewerton Vôlney da Silva. 15 May 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-15T18:12:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EWERTON VÔLNEY DA SILVA COSTA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMET) 2015.pdf: 5145716 bytes, checksum: 472ebd5a74a9a155a582c84c559c918d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-15T18:12:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EWERTON VÔLNEY DA SILVA COSTA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMET) 2015.pdf: 5145716 bytes, checksum: 472ebd5a74a9a155a582c84c559c918d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-27 / Capes / O crescimento desenfreado das cidades é um problema decorrente do aumento da população, causando inúmeras complicações para a sociedade e meio ambiente, como por exemplo, poluição, assoreamento de rios, desmatamento, alterações no clima local ou regional. O aumento da temperatura está diretamente ligado ao crescimento urbano, sendo influenciado pelo alto índice de construções, poluição, redução da vegetação e impermeabilização do solo, ocasionando problemas para a saúde dos habitantes e um desconforto térmico, gerando as chamadas ilhas de calor urbano (ICU). O estudo tem como objetivo identificar áreas propícias para a formação das ICU, caracterizar as mudanças do uso e ocupação do solo sobre a temperatura, estimar o saldo de radiação e os índices de vegetação (NDVI), água (NDWI) e área construída (NDBI) no período entre 1985 e 2007 em Londrina/PR. Foram gerados diagramas de dispersão com o intuito de analisar as relações entre os índices e a temperatura. Durante esse período, a vegetação e as áreas de solo exposto perderam espaço para a malha urbana, que apresentou um crescimento superior a 17%. A temperatura mínima encontrada na zona urbana com o passar dos anos fica cada vez mais elevada, em 1985 apresentou 22,4°C, já em 2007 apresentou 26,3°C, um aumento de aproximadamente 4°C. A temperatura na malha urbana também se apresentou mais elevada em comparação com as outras classes, chegando a marcar mais de 8°C em comparação com a vegetação densa. As temperaturas mais altas se apresentam nas regiões de solo exposto, estradas e alta densidade de edificações e as menores temperaturas foram identificadas nos corpos hídricos. A relação entre temperatura e os índices, indicou que quanto maior a temperatura, menor os valores de NDVI e NDWI. Já o NDBI, apresentou valores maiores à medida que a temperatura aumenta. / The rampant growth of cities is a problem due to increased population, causing numerous complications for society and the environment, such as pollution, silting of rivers, deforestation, changes in local or regional climate. The temperature rise is directly linked to urban growth, being influenced by the high number of buildings, pollution, reduction of vegetation and soil sealing, causing problems for the health of inhabitants and thermal discomfort, generating the so-called urban heat islands (ICU ). The study aims to identify areas suitable for the formation of the ICU, to characterize the changes of land use and occupation over temperature, estimate the net radiation and the vegetation index (NDVI), water (NDWI) and building area (NDBI ) between 1985 and 2007 in Londrina / PR. Scatter plots were generated in order to analyze the relationship between the indexes and the temperature. During this period, vegetation and bare soil areas lost space to the urban fabric, which showed a growth of 17%. The minimum temperature found in the urban area over the years becomes increasingly higher in 1985 showed 22.4 ° C in 2007 showed 26.3 ° C, an increase of about 4 ° C. The temperature in the urban also showed the highest in comparison with the other classes, reaching scores more than 8 ° C as compared with dense vegetation. The higher temperatures present in the soil exposed areas, roads and buildings high density and lower temperatures have been identified in water bodies. The relationship between temperature and indices indicated that the higher the temperature, the lower the NDVI values and NDWI. Since the NDBI, had larger values as the temperature increases.
6

Os efeitos de áreas agrícolas urbanas na intensidade das ilhas de calor em Florianópolis - SC /

Silva, Gustavo Henrique Pereira da. January 2020 (has links)
Orientador: Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade Amorim / Resumo: O acelerado crescimento das cidades associado a um planejamento ineficiente ocasionou inúmeros problemas ambientais que recaem sobre a qualidade de vida da população. Nesse contexto de alterações das condições do ambiente natural, inúmeros estudos científicos foram suscitados, dentre eles, destacam-se os que se propuseram a estudar o clima das cidades. Diante disso, esta pesquisa baseou-se na proposta teórica e metodológica do Sistema Clima Urbano (S.C.U), com enfoque no subsistema termodinâmico e teve como objetivo central investigar os efeitos de áreas agrícolas urbanas na intensidade das ilhas de calor em Florianópolis - SC, no que se refere às condições de temperatura, um dos principais elementos climáticos responsáveis pelo conforto térmico. A ênfase dada à Florianópolis relaciona-se à presença de um marco legal que prevê a implantação e apoio à prática agrícola nos espaços intraurbano e periurbano. Os procedimentos metodológicos realizados, consistiram na busca por dados de temperatura a partir de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e pontos fixos. Foram tratadas e analisadas as imagens do satélite Landsat-8, que mostraram diferenças nas características térmicas dos alvos, comparando-se áreas densamente construídas com áreas não construídas, apresentando intensidades de ilhas de calor de superfície de até 14ºC. As áreas com maior desenvolvimento vegetativo, com destaque para aquelas localizadas nos topos dos morros, apresentaram as menores temperaturas das cenas e as áreas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The accelerated growth of cities associated with inefficient planning has caused numerous environmental issues that affect the population quality of life. In this context of changes in natural environment conditions, several scientific studies have been carried out, among which stand out those who focused on studying the climate of cities. Therefore, the present research was based on the theoretical and methodological proposal of the Urban Climate System (UCS), with emphasis on the thermodynamic subsystem. The main objective was to investigate the effects of urban agricultural areas on the intensity of heat islands in Florianópolis - SC, with regard to temperature conditions, one of the main climatic elements responsible for thermal comfort. The emphasis given to Florianópolis is related to the presence of a legal framework that provides for the implementation and support of agricultural practice in intra-urban and peri-urban spaces. The methodological procedures performed consisted of researching temperature data using remote sensing techniques and fixed points. Landsat-8 satellite images were treated and analyzed, which presented differences in the thermal characteristics of the targets, comparing densely built areas with non-built spaces, revealing intensities of surface heat islands of up to 14ºC. The areas with the highest vegetative development, with emphasis on those located at the top of hills, presented the lowest temperatures in the scenes, and the areas of urban an... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
7

As ilhas de calor urbanas em Jundiaí-SP /

Dorigon, Larissa Piffer. January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade Amorim / Resumo: Nesta pesquisa levantou-se a hipótese de que conhecer o campo térmico de Jundiaí e saber a forma e intensidade das ilhas de calor urbanas resulta em informações relevantes a serem inseridas nas ações de planejamento. Acredita-se ainda, que a utilização da metodologia das Zonas Climáticas Locais (LCZs) facilita a comparação dos resultados obtidos em Jundiaí com outras áreas urbanas, uma vez que esta proporciona a uniformização e padronização de terminologias referentes aos usos e ocupações da terra. Para tanto, o objetivo principal foi diagnosticar o campo térmico da cidade de Jundiaí/SP e elaborar uma análise síntese, apresentando as intensidades de ilhas de calor em relação às características de superfície. Para atingir os objetivos propostos as pesquisas de campo ocorreram através da instalação de 10 sensores fixos que registraram dados horários de temperatura entre abril e dezembro de 2017 e realizados 10 episódios de levantamento com medidas itinerantes em agosto e setembro do mesmo ano. Os dados fixos identificaram que a maior expressão das ilhas de calor esteve conectada com uma sequência de estabilidade atmosférica. As maiores intensidades das ilhas de calor foram registradas, predominantemente, nos meses com as menores precipitações totais (junho, julho, agosto e setembro), enquanto no ciclo diário, as maiores intensidades foram noturnas. Notou-se também que, predominantemente, as maiores intensidades estiveram relacionadas com LCZs características de áreas urbana, LC... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In this research it was hypothesized that knowing the thermal field of Jundiaí and knowing the distribution and intensity of urban heat islands results in relevant information to be included in the planning actions. It is also believed that the use of the Local Climate Zones (LCZs) methodology facilitates the comparison of the results obtained in Jundiaí with other urban areas, since it provides the standardization and standardization of land use and occupation terminology. Therefore, the main objective was to diagnose the thermal field of the city of Jundiaí/SP and to elaborate a synthesis analysis, presenting the urban heat island intensities in relation to the surface characteristics. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, the field research was carried out by installing 10 fixed sensors that recorded hourly temperature data between April and December 2017 and carried out 10 episodes of itinerant survey in August and September of the same year. Data from fixed sensors identified that the highest expression of heat islands was connected with an atmospheric stability sequence. The highest intensities of the urban heat islands were predominantly recorded in the months with the lowest total of rainfall (June, July, August and September), while in the daily cycle the highest intensities were nocturnal. It was also noted that, predominantly, the highest intensities were related to LCZs characteristic of urban areas, LCZ 3, LCZ 3B, LCZ 34 and LCZ 7, all compact and with lit... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
8

Addressing the urban heat island effect in Stockholm : An analysis of its presence and relation to land cover and urban planning / Urbana värmeöar i Stockholm : En analys av förekomsten och relationen till marktäcke och stadsutformning

Igergård, Fanny January 2021 (has links)
As urbanization and global warming increase, an increasing importance is set on that urban planning processes take the possible effects of urban heat islands into account. In order to provide local city planners with site specific knowledge of the current situation in Stockholm, this study has explored the intra-urban heat island effect in Stockholm municipality by identifying major problem areas as well as addressing the statistical relationship between temperature and factors relating to land cover and urban planning strategies. Remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST) and the Swedish National Land Cover Database (NMD) have formed the data basis for the analyses that were carried out using GIS. The LST and land cover information have been extracted from randomly placed circle polygons in order to create a sample for the statistical analyses.  The results show that there exist differences in temperature within Stockholm municipality, both within the municipality as a whole and between various urban characters. In both cases, land cover is identified as an important, but not sole, factor to explain the differences. On land areas, artificial non-vegetated surfaces and forest is identified as the land cover classes of most relevance when it comes to the urban heat island effect. For both land cover classes, a strong correlation to LST is seen. Even though certain uncertainties and limitations are embedded in the data as well as in the method choices, the study can conclude in that the urban heat island effect is present in Stockholm municipality and that it can be derived from both land cover and urban characters. / I takt med att urbaniseringen och den globala uppvärmningen ökar kommer högre krav ställas på att stadsplaneringen tar hänsyn till de effekter som väntas uppstå kopplat till urbana värmeöar. I syfte att bistå lokala stadsplanerare med platsspecifik kunskap om den nuvarande situationen i Stockholm har den här studien utforskat intraurbana temperaturvariationer i Stockholms stad genom att identifiera de mest utsatta områdena samt genom att undersöka det statistiska sambandet mellan temperatur och faktorer kopplat till marktäcke och stadsutformning. Markens yttemperatur uppmätt från satellit och Nationella marktäckedata (NMD) har utgjort det främsta dataunderlaget för analyserna som genomförts med hjälp av GIS. Genom att extrahera information om yttemperatur och marktäcke från slumpmässigt placerade cirkelpolygoner kunde ett urval till de statistiska analyserna skapas.  Resultaten från studien visar att det finns skillnader i temperatur inom Stockholms stad, både inom kommunen som helhet och mellan olika stadsbyggnadskaraktärer. I båda fallen kan marktäcke identifieras som en viktig, men inte ensam, faktor till att förklara skillnaderna. På landområdena identifieras exploaterad mark och skog som de marktäcken med störst betydelse när det kommer till urbana värmeöar. För båda marktäckena ses i studien en stark korrelation till yttemperatur. Trots att vissa osäkerheter och begräsningar kan kopplas till både använd data och de metoder som använts kan slutsatsen att effekten från urbana värmeöar finns i Stockholms kommun dras. Dessutom kan konstateras att effekten kan härledas både till marktäcke och stadsbyggnadskaraktär.
9

O clima urbano em Penápolis/SP: análise da temperatura e umidade intraurbana / The urban climate in Penápolis/SP: analysis of intra-urban temperature and humidity

Moreira, Janaína Lopes [UNESP] 07 November 2016 (has links)
Submitted by JANAINA LOPES MOREIRA null (janainamoreira1991@hotmail.com) on 2016-12-22T03:37:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO-JANAÍNA_FINAL.pdf: 19293867 bytes, checksum: 4cf16c000fdc8b424a5b8638279a09e4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-22T13:47:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 moreira_jl_me_prud.pdf: 19293867 bytes, checksum: 4cf16c000fdc8b424a5b8638279a09e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T13:47:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 moreira_jl_me_prud.pdf: 19293867 bytes, checksum: 4cf16c000fdc8b424a5b8638279a09e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-07 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A cidade se consolidou como local de morada de grande parte da população mundial no século XX. Segundo a ONU, desde 1990, o mundo tem visto um incremento na concentração da população nas áreas urbanas. Esse aumento pode ser associado aos processos de urbanização mais recentes ocorridos em alguns países, tais como os localizados na América Latina e Caribe, que entre 1950 e 1990 viram suas populações urbanas crescerem de 40% para 70%. No Brasil, esse fenômeno se manifestou principalmente através da apropriação do campo pela produção capitalista, que gerou grande êxodo rural e rápido crescimento populacional nos centros urbanos. Fato que foi determinante para o agravamento das mazelas urbanas, e consequentemente, para as condições de vida e a atual configuração das cidades brasileiras. Dentre os problemas ambientais urbanos provenientes desse processo, destacam-se os referentes à atmosfera urbana, tais como o acúmulo de calor, poluição e inundações, que têm causado desconfortos e prejuízos à qualidade de vida dos citadinos. Nesta perspectiva, o objetivo desse estudo foi detectar o fenômeno de ilha de calor em Penápolis/SP e suas magnitudes, considerando-se seus atributos geoambientais e geourbanos. A pesquisa teve como referência a teoria do Sistema Clima Urbano proposta por Monteiro (1976), com ênfase no que o autor denominou de subsistema termodinâmico. Os procedimentos metodológicos realizados se basearam na realização de transectos móveis, na instalação de dois pontos fixos e na utilização de imagens de satélite e técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. As imagens de satélite foram utilizadas para o mapeamento dos condicionantes geoambientais e geourbanos, tais como vegetação, relevo, temperatura de superfície e densidade de edificações. A escolha dos dois pontos fixos foi pautada em referencial bibliográfico, sendo que um desses pontos ficou localizado na área central da cidade, caracterizado por um elevado grau de edificações, e o outro na área rural do município, ambos com altitudes semelhantes. O monitoramento das variáveis climáticas (temperatura e umidade) também se realizou através de transectos móveis, o que implicou na realização de dois percursos (norte-sul/leste-oeste). As coletas foram efetuadas em dias com condições atmosféricas que se caracterizaram pela estabilidade, sem chuva e sem vento, às 21h e em meses representativos do verão e inverno. Sendo assim, os registros foram realizados em dezesseis episódios distribuídos em oito transectos nos meses de dezembro de 2014 e janeiro de 2015 e outros oito nos meses de junho e julho de 2015. Os resultados apontaram, que sob condições de estabilidade atmosférica, a ilha de calor urbana em Penápolis/SP alcançou intensidade máxima de 3,5ºC nas medidas fixas e 9,5ºC nas medidas móveis. Para as medidas fixas foi observada uma ilha de calor praticamente constante entre 23h e 24h de duração em dezembro, enquanto que janeiro já apresentou menor duração, entre 21h e 24h. Julho e junho apresentaram similaridades com duração entre 15h e 16h. No que se refere à variabilidade estacional, as ilhas de calor e seca apresentaram maior expressividade no verão, com máxima em dezembro para as medidas fixas e em janeiro para as medidas móveis. As medidas móveis demonstraram a formação de ilha de calor urbana caracterizada pelo padrão de aquecimento centro-periferia, com temperaturas mais elevadas no centro da cidade e em áreas densamente ocupadas, próximas ao centro e queda da temperatura afastando-se do centro em direção a periferia. As áreas de fundo de vale e densamente vegetadas foram favoráveis às temperaturas mais baixas e a umidade mais elevada. Portanto, a intensidade da ilha de calor e seca esteve condicionada às características geoambientais e geourbanas da cidade, principalmente a cobertura arbórea e a densidade de edificação. / The city has established itself as the main place where most of the world's population live in the twentieth century. According to ONU, since 1990, the world has seen an increasing concentration of population in urban areas. This increase can be associated with more recent urbanization processes that occurred in some countries, such as those located in Latin America and the Caribbean, which urban population grew from 40% to 70% between 1950 and 1990. In Brazil, this phenomenon manifests itself mainly through the appropriation of field sites by the capitalist production, which led to a large rural exodus and a rapid population growth in urban centers. That circumstance was crucial to worsen the urban issues, and consequently, the living conditions and the current configuration of Brazilian cities. Among the urban environmental problems arising from this process, we highlight those related to the urban atmosphere, such as heat storage, pollution and flooding, which have caused discomfort and damage to the quality of life of residents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to detect the generation of the heat island and its intensity in the city of Penápolis/SP, considering the land use, land cover and urban built form. The research was based on the Urban Climate System theory proposed by Monteiro (1976), focusing on what the author called “thermodynamic subsystem”. The methodologies included mobile traverses, installation of two fixed stations, satellite images and remote sensing techniques. Satellite images were used to map the environmental and urban characteristics, such as vegetation, relief, surface temperature and building density. The selection of the two fixed points was based on bibliographical references, one located in downtown, a high-density area, and other situated in the rural area, both with similar altitudes. The measurements of climatological variables (temperature and humidity) was performed using mobile surveys along two traverses (north-south / east-west). The traverses were carried out during eight summer evenings (December 2014-January 2015) and eight winter evenings (June-July 2015), under calm conditions, with light winds and no precipitation. The results showed that under atmospheric stability, the urban heat island in Penápolis/SP reached a maximum intensity of 3.5ºC at the fixed points and 9.5ºC along the mobile traverses. During the fixed measures in December, the urban areas experienced up to 23h or 24h of heat island, while in January the duration was shorter, between 21h and 24h. Urban heat islands in June and July showed similar duration, about 15h and 16h. Analyzing the seasonal variability, the heat and dry islands were greater in the summer, with maximum in December (fixed points) and January (mobile survey). The results indicated the formation of an urban heat island characterized by higher temperatures in downtown and in densely built-up areas near the city center, and lower temperatures towards the periphery. Moreover, valley bottom areas with vegetation cover presented lower temperatures and higher humidity. Therefore, the intensity of the dry and heat islands related to the environmental characteristics and urban features, especially the tree cover and the building density. / La ciudad se ha consolidado como local de la vivienda de gran parte de la población mundial en el siglo XX. Según la ONU desde 1990, el mundo ha visto un incremento en la concentración de la población en las zonas urbanas. Este aumento puede estar asociado con los procesos de urbanización más recientes ocurridos en algunos países, como los ubicados en América Latina y el Caribe, que entre 1950 y 1990 vieron sus poblaciones urbanas crecer del 40% para el 70%. En Brasil, este fenómeno se manifestó principalmente a través de la apropiación del campo por la producción capitalista, que generó gran éxodo rural y rápido crecimiento de la población en los centros urbanos. Este hecho fue crucial para el agravamiento de los males urbanos, y consecuentemente, para las condiciones de vida y la configuración actual de las ciudades brasileñas. Entre los problemas ambientales urbanos de este proceso, se destacan los relacionados con la atmosfera urbana como la acumulación de calor, la contaminación del aire y las inundaciones, que han causado incomodidad y daños a la calidad de vida de los habitantes de las ciudades. En esta perspectiva, el objetivo de este estudio fue detectar el fenómeno de isla de calor en Penápolis/SP y sus magnitudes, considerando sus atributos geo-ambientales y geo-urbanos. La investigación tuvo como referencia la teoría del Sistema Clima Urbano propuesto por Monteiro (1976), con énfasis en lo que el autor denominó de subsistema termodinámico. Los procedimientos metodológicos adoptados se basaron en la realización de transectos móviles, en la instalación de dos puntos fijos y el uso de imágenes de satélite y técnicas de teledetección. Las imágenes de satélite fueron utilizadas para el mapeo de las características geo-ambientales y geo-urbanas, tales como la vegetación, relieve, temperatura de la superficie y la densidad de las construcciones. La elección de los dos puntos fijos se basó en las referencias bibliográficas, siendo que uno de esos puntos se ha localizado en la zona central de la ciudad que se caracteriza por un elevado grado de construcciones y el otro en la zona rural del municipio, ambos con altitudes similares. El monitoreo de las variables climáticas (temperatura y humedad) también se ha realizado a través de transectos móviles, lo que resultó en la realización de dos recorridos (nortesur/este-oeste). Los registros se hicieron en días con condiciones climáticas que se caracterizaron por la estabilidad, sin lluvia y sin viento, a las 21h y en meses representativos de verano y de invierno. De esta manera, los registros fueron realizados en dieciséis episodios distribuidos en ocho transectos en los meses de Diciembre de 2014 y Enero de 2015 y otros ocho en los meses de Junio y Julio de 2015. Los resultados mostraron que en condiciones de estabilidad atmosférica, la isla de calor urbano en Penápolis/SP alcanzó intensidad máxima de 3,5ºC en medidas fijas y 9,5ºC en las medidas móviles. Para las mediciones fijas se ha observado una isla de calor casi constante entre 23h y 24h de duración en Diciembre, mientras que en Enero se ha presentado con menor duración, entre 21h y 24h. Los meses de Junio y Julio mostraron similitudes con duración entre las 15h y 16h. En lo que se refiere a la variación estacional, las islas de calor y sequedad mostraron una mayor expresión en el verano, con máxima en Diciembre para las medidas fijas y Enero para las medidas móviles. Las medidas móviles demostraron la formación de isla de calor urbano que se caracteriza por el patrón de calentamiento centro-periferia, con temperaturas más altas en el centro de la ciudad y en las zonas densamente ocupadas, cerca del centro y descenso de la temperatura alejándose desde el centro para la periferia. Las áreas de fondo del valle y con vegetación densa fueron favorables a las temperaturas más bajas y humedad más elevada. Por lo tanto, la intensidad de la isla de calor y sequedad estuvo condicionada a las características geo-ambientales y geo-urbanas de la ciudad, principalmente la cobertura arbórea y la densidad de edificación. / FAPESP: 2014/05824-4
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Vulnerable Populations and Urban Heat Islands: A Spatial Analysis of Socio-Demographic Factors and Heat Exposure in Stockholm / Sårbara Befolkningsgrupper och Urbana Värmeöar: En Spatial Analys av Socio-Demografiska Faktorer och Värmepåverkan i Stockholm

Godée, William, Lemna, Hugo January 2023 (has links)
The important urban issue of urban heat islands in Stockholm is examined in this thesis. These places influence urban sustainability, liveability, and public health because of the much higher temperatures they experience relative to their surroundings. This thesis objectives were to discover these urban heat islands, comprehend their patterns, investigate how they relate to sociodemographic characteristics, and identify vulnerable areas. Advanced remote sensing techniques and analytical techniques were used to locate and show urban heat islands. The procedure produced visualizations of urban heat patterns, illuminating the geographical distribution and intensity of these islands as well as the urban zones most exposed to risks from heat.The study found a link between hotter temperatures and places with higher population densities, as predicted by the authors. Regression analysis and visual inspection both support this link, which underlines the impact of population dynamics on the local environment and the necessity for people- centered urban development. Additionally, a connection was shown between warmer areas and locations with a non-Swedish population. This finding suggests possible differences in heat exposure and raises concerns about the urban heat occurrence in same areas as where vulnerable socio- demographic factors appear. However, more thorough research is needed to determine the underlying reasons behind this link.The lack of a significant relationship between age groups or income levels and the prevalence of urban heat in the thesis suggests that Stockholm's vulnerability to heat may not be highly associated with these variables. This highlights the complexity of urban heat and its effects. A vulnerability map was made using data from previous research on groups that are vulnerable and causing factors. It was possible to identify regions where vulnerable socio-demographics factors and heat zones overlapped when compared to the heat map, which was useful information for developing the vulnerability map, that identified the areas in need of more resources.

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