Excavations conducted in June of 2004 at 71 Park Place, then a vacant residential lot located in downtown St. Augustine, yielded a significant artifact and faunal assemblage. Historic maps and documents indicate that this property was once part of a 10¼ acre orange grove and cornfield that existed from approximately 1790 until the late 1880s. Historic maps show that three structures once stood on this property, which is corroborated by the archaeological findings at 71 Park Place of post-holes that outline a two-room structure. As the majority of the artifacts and faunal remains recovered from the site were found around this possible structure, it is likely that these remains were left behind by the former occupants of this structure. Historic deeds indicate that the antebellum owners of the property were wealthy individuals and slaveholders, which raises the possibility that the former occupants of the structure identified on the property were slaves and that the artifacts and faunal remains recovered from 71 Park Place are representative of the material culture of urban slaves. This thesis examines this possibility by looking for previously determined ethnic markers of slavery within the assemblage, as well as by comparing the artifact and faunal remains to three plantation slave and three middle-to-upper class St. Augustine assemblages. Results indicate that although an urban salve occupation cannot be shown archaeologically, the possibility still remains, and further archaeological research in the thus far little studied field of urban slavery would be greatly beneficial to this study. / Thesis / Master

Esta pesquisa investiga as experiências e trajetórias de vida de mulheres africanas e crioulas escravizadas que viveram a gravidez, o parto e a amamentação das crianças senhoriais e de seus próprios filhos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, durante o século XIX. O período situado entre 1830 e 1888 encerrou um amplo processo de transformações das relações escravistas, abrangendo a disseminação da posse de escravizados na cidade até 1850, quando cessou definitivamente o tráfico com a África. A continuidade do regime passou a depender da escravização das filhas e filhos crioulos das mulheres cativas até a promulgação da Lei do Ventre Livre em 1871, que conservou os interesses senhoriais sobre as escravizadas e sobre a força de trabalho de seus filhos, chamados de ingênuos. Integrando-as ao complexo quadro da escravidão urbana e ao processo de mudanças das relações escravistas e de sua superação, esta tese se debruça sobre as vivências das africanas e crioulas com relação à autonomia sexual, à gravidez e aos partos, bem como sobre as práticas de amamentação e cuidado de seus bebês e crianças pequenas escravas, libertas e ingênuas. Procuramos compreender as visões de mundo, as sociabilidades e as estratégias mobilizadas por estas mulheres diante das dificuldades e restrições que o convívio próximo com seus senhores, seus projetos e suas demandas de trabalho destacadamente a ocupação de ama de leite impuseram ao cotidiano da gestação e do parto, e ao cuidado e sobrevivência de seus bebês. Recuperamos suas vivências integrando-as ao mundo social dos livres, cativos e libertos, africanos e descendentes, em laços de parentesco e amizade que constituíram redes de amparo fundamentais para mulheres que viveram a maternidade em embates permanentes com seus senhores e seus interesses. / This dissertation investigates African and creole women\'s life experiences and trajectories regarding pregnancy, labour and breastfeeding of their own children, as well as of those of their masters in the city of Rio de Janeiro between years 1830 and 1888. Over these decades, Brazilian slavery society went through major changes in close connection with the apex of the arrival of African enslaved people and the dissemination of slave-ownership in the city until 1850, when Atlantic trade was effectively terminated. As of then and until the publication of the Free Womb Law, in 1871, the reproduction of slavery depended on the existence of creole sons and daughters of enslaved women. Preserving the rule of masters over these women, as well as over their offspring\'s workforce, the law, however, eliminated the partus sequitur ventrem principle, which guaranteed the continuity of slave-ownership within the Empire. By integrating enslaved women into the complex scenario of urban slavery and the overarching context of transformations in slavery as a whole, this dissertation investigates experiences of sexual autonomy, pregnancy, labour, breastfeeding, and care of slave and freed babies and children born of free wombs. Such dimensions of enslaved women\'s lives are intertwined with their engagement in urban services especially wet nursing as well as with masters\' limited, yet persistent interest in their children. This dissertation aims to grasp enslaved women\'s worldviews and sociability, as well as their daily life strategies to cope with obstacles to pregnancy, labour and childcare created by intensive work routines and close coexistence with their masters. It unravels the importance of kinship and friendship bonds with African or African descent enslaved, freed and free people, with whom enslaved women shared mothering and childcare responsibilities. These social and emotional support networks were vital in their daily struggles with slave-owners and their conflicting interests regarding their bodies and their children.

A presente dissertação examina os diferentes arranjos escravos de moradia do Rio de Janeiro no período de 1808 a 1850 a partir das complexas relações estabelecidas entre: cativos, senhores e o Estado. A maior mobilidade escrava, característica dos grandes centros urbanos, permitiu que o alargamento da autonomia cativa também se expressasse por meio da atividade do morar, cuja variedade pode ser observada nos relatos de viajantes, documentação policial, posturas municipais, pedidos e licenças encaminhados à Câmara Municipal e inventários post-mortem. A diversidade do morar escravo possibilita, ainda, entender mais a fundo os condicionantes que viabilizaram a manutenção da instituição escravista durante o conturbado período da formação do Estado nacional brasileiro, assim como cativos e seus descendentes conseguiram refazer laços de solidariedade, afeto e parentesco em meio a tal processo / The present dissertation examines the different slave-arranged housing in Rio de Janeiro in the period between 1808 to 1850 from the complex relations established between slave, owners and the State. The big slave mobility, which was a characteristic of the great urban centers, made possible slave\'s autonomy to widen itself through dwelling activity, whose variety could be observed in the stories of travelers, police documents, municipal positions, order and licenses directed to the City Council and post-mortem inventories. Besides, the diversity of slave\'s dwelling allows us to understand more deeply the determining factors that made possible the maintenance of the slavery institution during the disturbing period of Brazilian National State formation, and, also, how slaves and their descendants could create anew bonds of solidarity, affection and kinship in the middle of these process

A presente dissertação examina os diferentes arranjos escravos de moradia do Rio de Janeiro no período de 1808 a 1850 a partir das complexas relações estabelecidas entre: cativos, senhores e o Estado. A maior mobilidade escrava, característica dos grandes centros urbanos, permitiu que o alargamento da autonomia cativa também se expressasse por meio da atividade do morar, cuja variedade pode ser observada nos relatos de viajantes, documentação policial, posturas municipais, pedidos e licenças encaminhados à Câmara Municipal e inventários post-mortem. A diversidade do morar escravo possibilita, ainda, entender mais a fundo os condicionantes que viabilizaram a manutenção da instituição escravista durante o conturbado período da formação do Estado nacional brasileiro, assim como cativos e seus descendentes conseguiram refazer laços de solidariedade, afeto e parentesco em meio a tal processo / The present dissertation examines the different slave-arranged housing in Rio de Janeiro in the period between 1808 to 1850 from the complex relations established between slave, owners and the State. The big slave mobility, which was a characteristic of the great urban centers, made possible slave\'s autonomy to widen itself through dwelling activity, whose variety could be observed in the stories of travelers, police documents, municipal positions, order and licenses directed to the City Council and post-mortem inventories. Besides, the diversity of slave\'s dwelling allows us to understand more deeply the determining factors that made possible the maintenance of the slavery institution during the disturbing period of Brazilian National State formation, and, also, how slaves and their descendants could create anew bonds of solidarity, affection and kinship in the middle of these process

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-05-22T17:20:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianaMonteiroSantos.pdf: 1258970 bytes, checksum: 861a31eb183eb38d25b7037005c647b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T17:20:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianaMonteiroSantos.pdf: 1258970 bytes, checksum: 861a31eb183eb38d25b7037005c647b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This paper presents the daily life of urban slaves in the capital of the province of Maranhão, in the 1830s The main documentary sources are the municipal ordinances, newspapers circulating in this period, the map of rented houses for slaves and freedmen (1835) and police records, the so-called "day parts" of the Guards Permanent Municipal and Maranhão Police Force, institutions that were responsible for the control of the poor of the city of St. Louis. These records give us the possibility to analyze how engendered surveillance and control of the captives in the urban space, in addition to observing various aspects of urban slavery. At the time, the city was the effects of the fluctuation of the cultivation and marketing of cotton in the province. The aim is therefore to present the spaces of sociability of enslaved subjects, their tactics and resistance strategies in search of better survival modes as well as the means to circumvent the surveillance of their masters and repressive apparatus, observing to what extent Captive took advantage of interference of government in the master-slave relationship, in the middle city to increase its trading field, making use of bargaining tactics and expanding your social network; in addition to approach the problems related to leakage and the social networks that wove with the various social actors. / Este trabalho apresenta o cotidiano dos escravos urbanos na capital da província do Maranhão, na década de 1830. As principais fontes documentais são as posturas municipais, os jornais que circulavam neste período, o mapa de casas alugadas para escravos e libertos (1835) e os registros policiais, as chamadas “partes do dia” das Guardas Municipais Permanentes e do Corpo de Polícia do Maranhão, instituições que eram responsáveis pelo controle da população pobre da cidade de São Luís. Tais registros nos proporcionam a possibilidade de analisar como se engendrava a vigilância e o controle dos cativos no espaço urbano, além de observar diversos aspectos da escravidão urbana. À época, a cidade vivia os efeitos da oscilação do cultivo e da comercialização do algodão na província. O objetivo é, portanto, apresentar os espaços de sociabilidade dos sujeitos escravizados, suas táticas e estratégias de resistências em busca de melhores modos de sobrevivência, bem como os meios utilizados para driblar a fiscalização de seus senhores e dos aparelhos repressivos, observando em que medida o cativo se aproveitou da interferência do poder público na relação senhor-escravo, no meio citadino, para aumentar seu campo de negociação, lançando mão de táticas de barganhas e ampliando suas redes sociais; além de abordarmos as problemáticas relacionadas às fugas e às redes de sociabilidade que teciam com os mais variados atores sociais.