Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-30T19:59:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissEAR.pdf: 12223025 bytes, checksum: d4fa6029f95b2739900c674b1237e593 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-05T13:29:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissEAR.pdf: 12223025 bytes, checksum: d4fa6029f95b2739900c674b1237e593 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-05T13:29:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissEAR.pdf: 12223025 bytes, checksum: d4fa6029f95b2739900c674b1237e593 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T13:36:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissEAR.pdf: 12223025 bytes, checksum: d4fa6029f95b2739900c674b1237e593 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-30 / Não recebi financiamento / The identification of aspects and circumstance considered as challenges and opportunities inherent in the implementation of the urban transport system operated by the Light Rail Transit - LRT in Brazilian cities are at the heart of the goals of this work. Developed a methodology where theoretical research done through the literature review and the application of Delphi method, used for the query to a group of subject matter experts, formed the basis for completion of the study. The results show its role of facilitator and propellant within the context of urban policies in cities where it already operates on a consolidated basis in several countries, creating expectations that can achieve the same effects in Brazilian cities, which will be deployed and that way, if firm as an efficient urban transport mode, an agent of sustainable urban mobility. It is concluded that, given the reality of urban mobility conditions in most Brazilian cities large and medium-sized, the opportunities for this innovative transport system and holder of proactive features, observed by the methodology applied, are feasible, since , its viability is proven through studies covering aspects such as; the existence of demand, the investment capacity of the governing body, the prospect of financial return and integration with existing modes, to name the most important. Also through the applied methodology, it can be concluded that the challenges for its implementation in the country are of great proportions, starting with the high investments required, through the formulation of policies that integrate the various segments of urban management and culminating with the effective participation of population most interested. Thus, it is understood that the opportunities and challenges for the VLT go hand in hand, on the prowl for decisions that put to the test. / A identificação de aspectos e circurstâncias considerados como desafios e oportunidades inerentes à implantação do sistema de transporte urbano operado pelo Veículo Leve sobre Trilhos – VLT, em cidades brasileiras, constituem o cerne dos objetivos desse trabalho. Desenvolvido por uma metodologia, onde a pesquisa teórica feita através da revisão bibliográfica e a aplicação do método Delphi, utilizado para a consulta a um grupo de especialistas no assunto, formaram a base para a conclusão do estudo. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam o papel de agente facilitador e propulsor que o VLT desempenha no contexto das políticas urbanas nas cidades onde já opera de forma consolidada em diversos países, criando a expectativa de que possa alcançar os mesmos efeitos nas cidades brasileiras onde venha ser implantado e dessa maneira, firme-se como um modo de transporte urbano eficiente, um agente da mobilidade urbana sustentável. Conclui-se que, dada a realidade das condições da mobilidade urbana na maioria das cidades brasileiras de grande e médio portes, as oportunidades para que esse sistema de transporte inovador e detentor de características proativas, constatados através da metodologia aplicada, são factíveis, desde que, sua viabilidade seja comprovada através de estudos abrangendo aspectos tais como; a existência de demanda, a capacidade de investimentos do órgão gestor, a perspectiva do retorno financeiro e sua integração com os modos existentes, para citar os mais relevantes. Também através da metodologia aplicada, pode-se concluir que, os desafios à sua implantação no país são de grandes proporções, começando pelos altos investimentos necessários, passando pela formulação de políticas que integrem os diversos segmentos da gestão urbana e culminando com uma efetiva participação da população, principal interessada. Assim, entende-se que as oportunidades e os desafios para o VLT caminham lado a lado, à espreita de decisões que as coloquem à prova.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esse trabalho foi dedicado às visualidades e materialidades ligadas às demandas populares de transporte público na cidade de Curitiba entre os anos de 1991 e 2011. O desenho da rede de transporte articulado ao planejamento nas décadas de 1960 e 1970 e a produção e divulgação de artefatos associados ao “futuro” e a ideia de “cidade ecológica”, nos anos 1990 e 2000, estimulou a produção de uma narrativa que buscou legitimar o sucesso do transporte coletivo curitibano. Em uma revisão da história desse transporte, indicamos que as materialidades e visualidades dos itinerários e veículos do Expresso, Ligeirinho e Ligeirão e das Estações-tubo foram moldadas e orientadas pelos valores e intenções de alguns grupos envolvidos e interessados na gestão e planejamento do transporte urbano. Por outro lado, a análise voltada para os usos cotidianos e as produções visuais e materiais que tratam das demandas populares de transporte mostrou que esse direcionamento do desenho da rede de transporte no sentido de atender os interesses privados e corporativos se manifestava no cotidiano como imobilidades. A partir das imagens e documentos produzidos como apoio para as demandas populares, na imprensa local e por meio nos requerimentos legislativos da Câmara Municipal, foi possível não somente perceber as mobilidades possíveis como a verificar a produção de modelos mais democráticos e inclusivos para a conquista do direito à cidade em um redesenho do transporte público curitibano. / The present work investigates the visualities and materialities related to the popular demands in Curitiba’s public transport between 1991 and 2011. The design of a transport network articulated to the urban planning in 1960’s and 1970’s and the production and advertising of artifacts connected to the idea of “future” and “ecological city”, stimulated narratives that aimed to legitimize the success of Curitiba’s public transport. In a historical review of this transport, we indicate that the materialities and visualities of the and the Tube Stations and the Expresso, Ligeirinho and Ligeirão routes and vehicles were shaped and guided by the values and intentions of some groups involved and interested in urban transport planning and management. However, the deep analysis of everyday uses and visual and material productions that deal with the popular transport demands showed that this narrowed design of the transport network to attending private and corporate interests was manifested in the daily life as immobility. From images and documents produced to support the popular demands, in the local press and through the legislative petitions of the Câmara Municipal, it was possible not only to realize the possible mobilities but also to verify the production of more democratic and inclusive models to achieve the right to the city by redesigning Curitiba’s public transport.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuisASA.pdf: 433201 bytes, checksum: 39486b08dfd60f72411e5f46ffa6cda7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / This work has goal of analyzing the practices of Human Resources in the per missionary enterprises of urban transportation, by bus, in the metropolitan region of de Natal, based on the standard person of the National Program of Quality 2004 and points if they are able to take part as prize-winning in this standard. Also this work aims, through a theoretical evolution of people management and its current practices, the history of the National prize Quality and its main standards, the importance of the urban transportation, its characteristics and the system itself in the metropolitan region of Natal. The research was carried out in 11 enterprises that operated in the area, with several dimensions and forms of management. The research variations were based on the standard person of the 2004 NPQ that deals with the system of work, preparation and development and life quality. In the statistical treatment, discriminated and exploiting analyses were applied. The main obtained results through the research, we can verify an administrative centralization in managers and owners hands; that 45% of the enterprises don t have a Human Resources Department, however, on the other hand, they practice some human Resources politics, indicated by the variations; as to the items system of work, 55% of the enterprises are able; preparing and development, 43% / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as pol?ticas e pr?ticas de Recursos Humanos nas empresas permission?rias de transporte urbano por ?nibus da Regi?o Metropolitana da Grande Natal. O estudo foi realizado com base no crit?rio pessoa, do Pr?mio Nacional de Qualidade 2004, de modo a verificar se os participantes est?o aptos a concorrerem ? premia??o segundo os crit?rios estabelecidos. Este Trabalho busca, tamb?m, por meio de pesquisa te?rica, resgatar resumidamente os conceitos de pol?ticas de Recursos Humanos, em especial o modelo proposta por Chiavenato, e a hist?ria do Pr?mio Nacional de Qualidade e seus principais Crit?rios, apresentando, ainda, a import?ncia e as caracter?sticas do sistema de transporte urbano por ?nibus, em geral, e do sistema de transporte por ?nibus da Regi?o Metropolitana da Grande Natal. A pesquisa foi realizada em 11 empresas que atuam nessa ?rea, com diversos portes e formas de gerenciamento. As vari?veis da pesquisa s?o baseadas no crit?rio pessoas do PNQ 2004, relacionado ao Sistema de Trabalho, Capacita??o e Desenvolvimento e Qualidade de Vida. No tratamento estat?stico, foram utilizadas an?lises descritivas e explorat?rias. Atrav?s da pesquisa de campo foi poss?vel uma caracteriza??o das empresas pesquisadas (estrutura administrativa, quantidade de funcion?rios, rela??es trabalhistas, gerenciamento, tempo de perman?ncia no mercado, origem, ?reas que comp?em os Recursos Humanos e identifica??o das fun??es da empresas). Dessa investiga??o, obteve-se, com resultado: A identifica??o da estrutura e da forma de administra??o nessas empresas; O perfil dos dirigentes e as pol?ticas adotadas; A constata-se ainda que, nos itens Sistema de Trabalho e Qualidade de Vida, a maioria das empresas est? apta a participar do Pr?mio. Isso tamb?m foi revelado no item Capacita??o e Desenvolvimento

A Matriz Energética Brasileira é plenamente sustentável tendo em vista as emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEEs), devido ao fato da eletricidade de origem hídrica, bem como do uso do etanol da cana-de-açúcar utilizado em veículos automotivos leves. A maioria das emissões dos GEEs no Brasil vem do desmatamento da Amazônia. Contudo, o uso do óleo diesel especialmente para o transporte (caminhão e ônibus) ainda é um problema a ser resolvido, não apenas devido à emissão de carbono, mas também, porque o óleo diesel no Brasil ainda apresenta emissões altamente poluentes: material particulado (MP), óxidos de nitrogênio (NOx) e óxidos de enxofre (SOx) - as emissões mais importantes, além dos gases de efeito estufa (GEEs). O uso do biodiesel está contribuindo para a redução de tais emissões, mas medidas completares ainda são necessárias. A introdução da Lei Federal de Mudanças Climáticas (nº 12.187) é um destes instrumentos. No Município de São Paulo a Lei de Mudanças Climáticas (Lei Municipal nº 14.933) de 9 de novembro de 2009 estabelece uma redução dos GEEs em torno de 20% até 2020. Para atingir este objetivo, além da necessária redução das emissões locais (GELs) na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), com aproximadamente 20 milhões de pessoas, uma perspectiva recente e significante é o uso de ônibus movidos a etanol. Os testes efetuados no Projeto BEST BioEtanol para o Transporte Sustentável - comprovam tal afirmação e esta é, talvez, a única tecnologia desenvolvida e melhorada para o cumprimento de tais necessidades no curto prazo. O uso do etanol em ônibus já é uma realidade em Estocolmo (Suécia). Além da cidade de São Paulo (pioneira nas Américas), este projeto custeado pela União Européia esta sendo levado adiante em oito cidades da Europa e da Asia. No Brasil, o projeto foi desenvolvido e coordenado pelo CENBIO, Centro Nacional de Referência em Biomassa do Instituto de Eletrotécnica da USP, com a participação de outras instituições. Este projeto tem sido desenvolvido desde 2007 e, atualmente, conta com dois ônibus diesel adaptados para operar com etanol. A prefeitura de São Paulo decidiu recentemente comprar outros 50 ônibus. Os ônibus atuam tanto na Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos (EMTU) na linha Jabaquara São Mateus, quanto na São Paulo Transportes (SPTRANS), no corredor Lapa Vila Mariana. Com vistas a contribuir efetivamente para a introdução do ônibus movido a etanol na RMSP e em todo território brasileiro, bem como efetivar a redução de poluentes de efeito local e global, diminuindo as doenças cardiorrespiratórias, em adição ao cumprimento da lei Municipal de Mudanças Climáticas, esta tese tem como propósito identificar e quantificar as emissões, os benefícios sociais e externalidades do etanol, substituindo o óleo diesel. As externalidades (custos e benefícios ambientais e sociais) ocorrem quando alguém se envolve em qualquer ação que origina impacto positivo ou negativo, no bem estar humano. Quando uma externalidade ocorre, o interesse da sociedade em um negócio tradicional qualquer, vai além do bem estar entre compradores e vendedores; leva em consideração também outras pessoas que possam ser afetadas em qualquer situação. BEST BioEthanol for Sustainable Transport surge como uma inovação adequada para o transporte público da RMSP, mas políticas são necessárias para a orientação de tomadores de decisões. As políticas públicas devem estabelecer preços no que tange aos benefícios ambientais (externalidades positivas) e fixar custos (externalidades negativas). Neste contexto, a avaliação dos impactos ambientais e, portanto, as identificações das externalidades são fundamentais para consolidar tal tecnologia como uma solução viável a curto prazo na RMSP. / Brazilian energy matrix is quite sustainable regarding GHG (Green House Gas) emissions due to the electricity from hydro-origin and the usage of vehicles. Most GHG emissions in Brazil come from Amazonian (rain forest) deforestation. However, the usage of diesel oil mainly for transporting (trucks and buses) is still a problem to be solved, not only due to carbon emissions, but also because of diesel oil in Brazil still produces highly pollutant emissions: particulate material (PM), Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) and Sulfur Oxide (SOx) are the most substantial emissions as well as GHG. Biodiesels usage is contributing to reduce such emissions but, further steps are even necessary. The introduction of the Federal Climate Change Law 12187 is one of these deeds. The Municipal Climate Change Law 14933, in the city of São Paulo, from November, 9th, 2009, sets up reduction of GHG emissions in 20% by 2020. For reaching such a goal, beyond necessary reduction of local emissions in RMSP Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (approximately 20 million in habitants), a recent and meaning perspective is the usage of buses powered by ethanol. The tests accomplished by the project named BEST Bioethanol for Sustainable Transportation corroborate such fact and this is the only developed and improved technology to the fulfillment of these requirements in a short-term. The usage of ethanol has already been reality for a long time in Stockholm, Sweden. Besides the city of São Paulo (pioneer in the whole American Continent), this project is carried forward in eight plus European and Asiatic cities and is funded by the European Economic Union. In Brazil, this project was developed and coordinate by CENBIO Brazilian of reference of Biomass from Electrotechnic and Energy Institute of USP University of São Paulo, with other institute partnership. Such project has been developed since 2007 and, currently, count on two diesel buses adapted to operate with ethanol and the São Paulo mayoralty has just decide to buy 50 more buses.These buses operate both in EMTU São Paulo Metropolitan Company for Urban Transportation on Jabaquara-São Mateus bus corridor and SPTRANS São Paulo Transportation on Lapa-Vila Mariana bus corridor. In order to foster effectively the introduction of powered by ethanol in RMSP Metropolitan Region of São Paulo and in the whole Brazilian Territory as well as to settle the reduction of global and local air pollutant, decreasing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, besides the fulfillment of the Municipal Climate Change Law, this thesis focus in identifying and quantifying emissions, social benefits and externalities of ethanol replacing diesel oil. Externalities (environmental and social costs and benefits) take place when one engages in any case that impacts positively or negatively in human welfare; when externalities occurs, societys interest in any tradition business goes beyond buyer and sellers welfare; it takes in to account other people who may be affected in any case. BEST Bioethanol for Sustainable Transportation stands for adequate innovation to the public transportation in RMSP Metropolitan Region of São Paulo but policies are necessary to guide decisions settlers. Public policies are to set price regarding environmental benefits (positive externalities) and to set cost (negative externalities). Therefore, appraisal of environmental impacts and, thereafter, identification of externalities are essential to faster such a technology as a feasible result in RMSP Metropolitan Region of São Paulo in short-time.

Orientadores: Maria Lucia Galves, Maria Teresa Françoso / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T05:01:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sousa_MarcosTimoteoRodriguesde_M.pdf: 5329448 bytes, checksum: 2fd9510455f74df9cccf6dc291a4a17a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a mobilidade e a acessibilidade para o transporte coletivo. A mobilidade está vinculada aos aspectos socioeconômicos da população. A acessibilidade está relacionada ao uso do solo e a forma urbana, ambas envolvidas no processo funcional da cidade. Os moradores de bairros suburbanos, que utilizam o transporte coletivo, possuem sérios problemas de acesso às áreas centrais da cidade. Tais problemas surgem com maior intensidade quando se verificam as grandes migrações pendulares. A pouca infra-estrutura dos bairros, aliada à baixa renda da população, ocasiona sérios problemas de mobilidade e acessibilidade. Para realizar esta análise foi escolhido, como estudo de caso, o bairro Jardim São João, no município de Guarulhos, caracterizado pela escassez de equipamentos urbanos e por problemas de transporte público. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas pessoais, realizadas no período de dezembro de 2002 a maio de 2003, em horário de pico, nos pontos inicial e final de duas linhas, o que permitiu uma escolha melhor dos entrevistados. Optou-se por entrevistar apenas moradores do bairro Jardim São João, ou seja, as pessoas que têm origem e destino no bairro e que tinham como destino o trabalho. A partir destes dados foi possível estimar o número de empregos atingidos por dia e por linha de ônibus. Conclui-se que os problemas relacionados a mobilidade e a acessibilidade não afetam, diretamente, a freqüência das viagens entre o Bairro São João e os centros de Guarulhos e São Paulo. Pode-se constar que há um descontentamento em relação ao tempo excessivo de espera nos pontos de parada e dos itinerários. Há também queixas em relação aos custos, segurança e conforto. Nota-se que os direitos dos moradores do bairro Jardim São João está abalado. A participação efetiva destes moradores, na vida social, política e econômica da cidade é prejudicada / Abstract: This research has the objective of analyze the mobility and accessibility for the public transportation. The mobility is related to the social economics aspects of the population. The accessibility is related to the use of the ground and urban shape, both involved in the functional process of the city. The people living in the suburbs, that use the public transportation, own a lot of serious problems to get to the main parts of the cities. These problems can be noticed by the migration seen to the main parts of the city the poor. Of some areas, plus the low income of the population, end up with serious problems of mobility and accessibility. To make this research it was chosen, as a case of study, the area called Jardim São João, in the county of Guarulhos, known by its lack of equipment's land by its public transportation problems. The dates were collected by personal interviews, realized from December 2002 to may 2003, in the rush time, from the initial to the final of the two lines, which allowed a better way for choosing the interviews; we opted by interview just the people living in the area called Jardim São João, therefore; people have their origin and destiny, in the area that they as a destiny. From those dates it was possible to estimate the numbers of jobs reached per day and per bus line. We come to understand that all of the problems related to the mobility and accessibility don't affect, directly in the trips between the area São João and others main parts of Guarulhos and São Paulo, we can see that the quality of trip is being damaged. Therefore, people living in these areas don't quit on commuting to downtown. Choose or are obligated to move in local ways. There is a not pleasant relation to the waiting time at the bus stop. They're also complaints about the costs, security and comfort. The right from the people living in the area Jardim São João is touched. The participation there, in the social life, political and economic of the city is damaged. / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

MSc (Mathematics and Applied Mathematics) / The use of MEPLAN by the Metropolitan Transport Planning Branch of the Cape Town City Council since 1984 was not successful due to apartheid anomalies. EMME/2 was then introduced in 1991 in replacement of MEPLAN. In this thesis we first introduce some aspects of transport modelling. Secondly we summarize the above-mentioned models before we undertake their comparative study in a post-apartheid situation. A mathematical proof of why MEPLAN was discarded is provided. The strengths and weaknesses of both MEPLAN and EMME/2 are recorded. / South Africa

Rapid growth in suburb-to-suburb commuting has created a problem for transit providers: the dispersed commuting patterns are very difficult to serve with transit, and are characterized by low transit use. This thesis aims to determine which markets have the best potential for transit, and what factors could increase this potential. Surrey, B.C. is typical of the rapidly growing areas where suburb-to-suburb commuting is most prevalent. Commuting between Surrey and other suburban areas has increased sharply in recent years. A detailed examination of commuting patterns within Surrey revealed the highly dispersed nature of the work trip flows; the only flows which were concentrated to any degree were those between nodes with relatively high population and employment densities. A correlation was found between density, especially employment density, and transit use. Inter-nodal trips, which already have the greatest transit use among suburb-to-suburb trips, will be a key market for transit in the suburbs. Inter-nodal express service would help to address complaints that suburb-to-suburb transit service is too slow and indirect. Trips to and from the nodes will also be an important market. Intra-nodal trips, which presently have low transit use, form another key market which could possibly be served by a paratransit shuttle service. In Surrey, efforts have begun to address the issue of suburb-to-suburb transit in a comprehensive manner, but there has been little substantive progress to date. The case study results were used to develop a conceptual framework for suburb-to-suburb transit planning which could then be applied to other suburban areas facing similar problems. The framework calls for a wide array of transit and paratransit services, each filling a different market niche, which can be combined to create an integrated but flexible system. This system must be reinforced with land use strategies to promote greater densities, and more pedestrian and transit friendly design. Transportation demand management must also be used to encourage transit use by increasing the costs of driving an automobile. This three-pronged, comprehensive approach should allow transit to compete successfully in some suburban markets. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

One of the most pressing problems faced by large urban areas is traffic congestion. Traffic congestion, or the urban transportation problem is not a new phenomenon, having existed since the process of urbanization began. Low density urbanization or suburbanization, facilitated by the availability of large numbers of automobiles has contributed to the present traffic problem. The causes of the problem have long been recognized by planners and decision makers, and viable solutions have been proposed. However, in spite of solutions being known, the problem still exists and has become worse. The purpose of this study is to observe how planners have dealt with the land use and transportation factors which contribute to the ever worsening traffic problems in a suburban area. It is hypothesized that the fragmented nature of the planning and decision making processes have resulted in a lack of co-ordination and co-operation in planning to resolve the urban transportation problem. The objectives of this thesis are to gain an understanding of: 1) why the urban transportation problem exists; 2) the planning process involved in finding solutions to this problem; and 3) the effect of the fragmentation of authority over various factors of land use and transportation. The methodology includes the following steps. The first is a literature review of the current thought on the subject of traffic congestion, and the factors causing it. The second is a literature review of the planning process and the theoretical foundations of current thought on land use and transportation studies. This will be followed by a case study using a descriptive historical approach. The case study reviews developments as well as past land use and transportation studies for the study area. The fourth step involves an interpretation of the information provided in the case study in light of the literature review. The area chosen for the case study is the Greater Vancouver Regional District's North East Sector. This Sector has experienced accelerated development and an increasing 111 population dependant upon the automobile for mobility. Low density land use, has created automobile dependent development, which make an automobile a necessity. A large percentage of the workforce in the area has to commute to other areas. Numerous studies have been commissioned to find solutions to the North East Sector's transportation problems. Despite the realization of the causes of traffic congestion, the solutions presented in the studies have not been comprehensively implemented to achieve workable results. There were two major findings of this study. The first is that planners and decision makers are aware of the relationship between land use and transportation planning. The second is the fragmentation of authority for different aspects of land use and transportation has frustrated attempts to resolve traffic congestion, through a fragmenting of the planning and decision making process. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Transit trips include four parts: the trip from the front door to the transit stop; the wait at the transit stop for the transit vehicle; the transit ride; and the trip from the transit drop off point to the final destination. This thesis explores methods of improving the pedestrian trips to and from the transit stop and the waiting period at the transit stop. People are not satisfied with their transit trips. People want better quality waiting areas, increased safety, comfortable surroundings, transit information, and convenience during the transit trip. This thesis explores the positive relationship between the quality of public streets and transit facilities, and ridership satisfaction. The thesis proposes that the transit trip can be improved by improving transit waiting areas, and the paths people take arriving at and departing from transit stops. BC Transit's Vancouver Regional Transit System's transit facilities are the focus of the study. Transit facilities include: bus stops, bus loops, bus exchanges, SkyTrain stations, and SeaBus terminals. The study reviews people's attitudes towards transit facilities and discusses the items that people consider important to a transit trip. This review includes a survey conducted by the author and a review of surveys conducted for BC Transit. A review of the literature provides further evidence on the basic requirements for transit facilities and a comparison is made with the local situation. The thesis explores the potential for land use planning, urban design and on-site design to improve the safety, comfort, and convenience of transit facilities. The role of BC Transit, in providing adequate transit facilities, is discussed along with the roles and responsibilities of other associated organizations including: the Province, the Greater Vancouver Regional District, municipal governments located within the Vancouver Region, private enterprise, and business improvement districts. The study concludes BC Transit should give more thought to the transit customer in the design and location of transit facilities. And that municipal governments must take action to improve the quality of streets and transit facilities in their own communities. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

This thesis examines the opportunities and constraints facing the implementation of Transit Oriented Development (TOD). TOD consists of concentrated, mixed use development within walking distance of a commercial core and a transit stop that provide the focal point for the community and connect the resident to the region. Despite the fact that many planners accept TOD as a useful form of development, TOD has experienced barriers to its implementation. Neither the barriers to implementation, nor the opportunities for overcoming them have been sufficiently researched. This case study of land use planning at the four east Vancouver station areas of Joyce, 29th Avenue, Nanaimo and Broadway of the 'Expo' Advanced Light Rapid Transit (ALRT) line, known locally as 'SkyTrain', addresses this deficiency. Planning literature, planning documents, interviews with seven Vancouver planners, zoning and land use maps, and a land use survey provided the data from which conclusions were drawn. The research suggests that the major barriers to TOD implementation along the Vancouver 'Expo' line were poor transit routing, difficulties in assembling large parcels of land, lack of coordination between public entities, separated regional land use and transportation planning, inadequate political commitment to design and mitigation measures, the setting of goals for the station areas that are not TOD goals and the intrusive nature ALRT due to its elevated guideway. Many of these barriers correspond with those identified by the TOD literature as existing in other cities, but significant barriers that were identified in the case study but not by the literature include the intrusive nature of the ALRT technology due to its elevated guideway, the decision making process that had the province make decisions (e.g. the type of rapid transit technology to be used) without local input, and the absence of sustained implementation. Opportunities for overcoming barriers to TOD include creating more participatory decision making processes that ensure decisions that affect local communities are made at the municipal and regional, rather than provincial, level, the creation of a directly elected agency responsible for both land use and transportation planning, increased coordination between public agencies, and the creation of TOD guidelines. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate