Use of computerized systems with user interfaces (UIs) is very high in the developed world, and is increasing rapidly everywhere else. The security of these systems are of utmost importance, but so is also the perception of security that people have of them. Therefore, this study investigates if there is a link between how usable systems with UIs are, and how securely they are perceived. This was done by constructing a custom and novel experimental setup, where 37 people (n=37) participated online through a website. The website guided participants through a realistic scenario, and then gave them a number of tasks to perform in a mock E-banking application. Participants then answered some questions regarding the usability and security of the mock E-banking application. This E-banking application was designed with the help of the Design Thinking methodology and heuristic evaluations. For most of the results, statistical significance could not be demonstrated. However, the results suggest that there may be a link between usability and perceived security, albeit quite weak. The relationship is hypothesized to be easily overshadowed by other aspects such as authentication procedure and reputation. / Användningen av datoriserade system med användargränssnitt (UI) är mycket hög i den utvecklade världen, och ökar snabbt i övriga världen. säkerheten hos dessa system är av yttersta vikt, men så är även hur säkert dessa system uppfattas av människor. Därför undersöker denna studie om det finns ett samband mellan hur användbart ett system med användargränssnitt är, och hur säkert det uppfattas. Detta gjordes genom att skapa en skräddarsydd och unik experimentell uppställning, där 37 personer (n=37) medverkade online via en webbplats. Webbplatsen guidade de medverkande genom ett realistiskt scenario och gav dem ett antal uppgifter att slutföra i en fiktiv internetbank. Deltagarna svarade sedan på ett antal frågor angående användbarheten och säkerheten hos den fiktiva internetbanken. Denna internetbank designades med hjälp av “Design Thinking”-metodologin och heuristiska utvärderingar. För de flesta resultaten kunde statistisk signfikans inte påvisas. Däremot antyder resultaten att det kan finnas en svag länk mellan användbarhet och upplevd säkerhet. En hypotes är att detta samband enkelt kan överskuggas av andra aspekter såsom autensieringsprocedur och rykte.

<p>Provbanken är en del i ett nationellt provsystem som är tänkt att vara ett bedömningskomplement till existerande prov i gymnasieutbildningen. Växjö universitet har varit delaktig i utvecklingen av prov för de yrkesinriktade ämnena sedan 1997. Eftersom innehållet i dessa numera webbanpassade prov är det väsentliga, måste utformningen av provet göras lättförståelig. Användbarheten måste m a o vara självklar och inte ställa till problem för användaren. Som en av utvecklarna av dessa interaktiva prov, ville jag finna ett sätt att minimera problemen och öka användbarheten. I de bakgrundsstudier som gjordes, fann jag att en iterativ designprocess föreslogs vara den bästa metoden för att åstadkomma mitt mål. Med hjälp av användartest kopplade till teoretiska referensramar, utvärderades ett av proven som skapats vid Växjö universitet. Eftersom ett omvårdnadsprov valdes, blev målgruppen sex omvårdnadselever. Tre av dem deltog i det första användartestet. Datainsamlingen utfördes med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod, där både observationer och intervjuer användes som empiriska insamlingstekniker. I analysen som följdes upptäcktes sex höga eller medelhöga problem, varav tre av de mest akuta valdes att förändras. Dessa problem utvärderades och implementerades med hjälp av teoretiska riktlinjer i en prototyp som användartestades med de tre kvarvarande omvårdnadseleverna. I den analys som gjordes kunde de jämförda resultaten peka på en förbättring av användbarheten i det specifika prov som undersökts. Det kunde dock även konstateras att ett flertal problem återstod för att helt uppnå målet med en minimering av problem.</p><p>Denna uppsats visar på betydelsen av att göra iterativa designprocesser i interaktiva system för att öka dess användbarhet. Studien pekar tydligt på vikten av att göra användartest samt hur teori kan vara ett komplement till utformning av interaktiva gränssnitt.</p> / <p>Provbanken is part of a national examination system, which is meant to be a mark-setting complement to existing tests in the upper secondary school. Växjö University has been part of the development of tests regarding the vocational subjects since 1997. Because the content of these web-adapted tests is essential, the design of the tests must be made easy to understand. In other words, the usability has to be obvious and must not create trouble for the user. As one of the developers of these interactive tests, I wanted to find a way to minimize the problems and increase the usability. In the conducted background studies, I found that the iterative design process was suggested as the best method to achieve my goal. With the help of usability tests applied to theoretical frame of reference, one of the tests created at Växjö University was evaluated. Since a test regarding homecare was chosen, the target group became six homecare students. Three of them took part in the first usability test. The gathering of data was conducted with the help of a qualitative method, where observations and interviews were used as empirical techniques. In the following analysis six high or medium high problems were discovered, out of which three of the most urgent problems were solved. These problems were evaluated and implemented with help of theoretical guidelines into a prototype, which later became usability tested with the three remaining homecare students. In the analysis made, the compared results showed an improvement of the usability in the specific, investigated test. However, it could clearly be stated that several issues persisted until the goal of minimizing the problems could be achieved.</p><p>This thesis shows the importance of performing iterative design processes in interactive systems in order to increase the usability. The study clearly points out the importance of usability tests and how theory can be a complement in the design of interactive interfaces.</p>

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-19T10:48:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 QUINTALE_Diego Heitzmann_2015.pdf: 54147351 bytes, checksum: b3657ba7e8d0e46ede72ecf278c63977 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-19T10:49:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 QUINTALE_Diego Heitzmann_2015.pdf: 54147351 bytes, checksum: b3657ba7e8d0e46ede72ecf278c63977 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-19T10:49:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 QUINTALE_Diego Heitzmann_2015.pdf: 54147351 bytes, checksum: b3657ba7e8d0e46ede72ecf278c63977 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-19T10:49:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 QUINTALE_Diego Heitzmann_2015.pdf: 54147351 bytes, checksum: b3657ba7e8d0e46ede72ecf278c63977 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-27 / Não recebi financiamento / ERPs are complex systems that handle large amounts of data and links among this data providing to its users different information. Usually, developers of this type of application dedicate their efforts to guarantee correctness of the functionality and information consistency; so usability issues become secondary. It is widely recognized that ERP systems own complex interfaces that negatively affect the ability to use these systems. However, it is observed that certain rules that assist to improve interfaces may be automated, thus it is possible to create automated processes to help the development of such applications. This work presents a model driven approach for retail ERP systems with functional usability features (functional features with high impact on usability), called FUF. This study consisted in two stages. In the first one was made literature and market research of retail ERP systems. The second step was the development of a metamodel for retail ERP systems with functional usability features, called MetaUsaERPWeb, it was also carried out the development of a M2C transformer for MetaUsaERPWeb with PHP target platform. Finally, in the last step, the validation of the proposal was made in a case study, with two tests: the first conducted an experimental study to validate the proposed approach against the traditional approach. The results showed that the groups using MetaUsaERPWeb were more efficient, produce more lines of code and better applications. The second analysis compared the applications developed from the traditional approach and the use of MetaUsaERPWeb (first analysis); the results showed that applications built with MetaUsaERPWeb violated least usability heuristics in 60 % of cases. / Os ERPs são sistemas complexos que manipulam grande volume de dados e a liga ção entre esses dados disponibilizando aos seus usu ários diferentes informa ções. Normalmente, os desenvolvedores deste tipo de aplica ção dedicam seus esfor ços na garantia de corretude das funcionalidades e consistência das informa ções; assim questões de usabilidade tornam-se secundárias. Assim e amplamente reconhecido que os sistemas ERP possuem interfaces complexas que afetam negativamente a capacidade de utiliza ção destes sistemas. Entretanto, observa-se que certas regras que auxiliam na melhoria da interface podem ser automatizadas, e e possí vel criar transformadores automatizados para auxiliar no desenvolvimento destas aplica ções. Esta disserta ção apresenta uma abordagem dirigida a modelos para sistemas ERP de varejo com caracteri sticas funcionais de usabilidade (caracteri sticas funcionais com alto impacto na usabilidade), denominado FUF. Este estudo consistiu em duas etapas. Na primeira foi feito o levantamento bibliogr a fico e pesquisas de sistemas ERP de varejo de mercado. A segunda etapa consistiu no desenvolvimento de um metamodelo para sistemas ERP de varejo com caracteri sticas funcionais de usabilidade, denominado MetaUsaERPWeb. Tamb em foi realizado o desenvolvimento de um transformador M2C para o MetaUsaERPWeb com o PHP como plataforma alvo. Por fim, na ultima etapa, a valida ção da proposta foi executada em um estudo de caso, com duas an alises: primeiro realizou-se um estudo experimental para validar a abordagem pro-posta em rela ção a abordagem tradicional. Os resultados apontaram que os grupos que utilizaram o MetaUsaERPWeb foram mais e cientes, produziram mais linhas de c odigo e aplica cões de melhor qualidade. A segunda an alise comparou as aplica ões desenvolvidas a partir da abordagem tradicional e da utiliza ção do MetaUsaERPWeb (primeira an alise); os resultados mostraram que as aplica ções desenvolvidas a partir do MetaUsaERPWeb violaram menos heuri sticas de usabilidade em 60% dos casos.

This qualitative, exploratory dissertation aimed to describe how accessibility, usability, and cognitive load experts explained and experienced the usability and accessibility aspects of the LT department's website pages, information, and digital links. A usability, accessibility, and cognitive load manual examination was conducted with four experts. The usability, accessibility, and cognitive load examination comprised WCAG 2.1 four standards and Nielsen's 10 usability heuristics. Transcripts and observational field notes were coded through an iterative process in the analysis tool Dedoose. Two groups and four main categories were discovered using emic and etic coding. The two groups were macro challenges and page with most codes. The four main categories included macro, usability, accessibility, and cognitive load. The findings for accessibility, usability, and cognitive load are discussed. Website recommendations for creating an accessible and usable site and suggestions for future research are provided.

Provbanken är en del i ett nationellt provsystem som är tänkt att vara ett bedömningskomplement till existerande prov i gymnasieutbildningen. Växjö universitet har varit delaktig i utvecklingen av prov för de yrkesinriktade ämnena sedan 1997. Eftersom innehållet i dessa numera webbanpassade prov är det väsentliga, måste utformningen av provet göras lättförståelig. Användbarheten måste m a o vara självklar och inte ställa till problem för användaren. Som en av utvecklarna av dessa interaktiva prov, ville jag finna ett sätt att minimera problemen och öka användbarheten. I de bakgrundsstudier som gjordes, fann jag att en iterativ designprocess föreslogs vara den bästa metoden för att åstadkomma mitt mål. Med hjälp av användartest kopplade till teoretiska referensramar, utvärderades ett av proven som skapats vid Växjö universitet. Eftersom ett omvårdnadsprov valdes, blev målgruppen sex omvårdnadselever. Tre av dem deltog i det första användartestet. Datainsamlingen utfördes med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod, där både observationer och intervjuer användes som empiriska insamlingstekniker. I analysen som följdes upptäcktes sex höga eller medelhöga problem, varav tre av de mest akuta valdes att förändras. Dessa problem utvärderades och implementerades med hjälp av teoretiska riktlinjer i en prototyp som användartestades med de tre kvarvarande omvårdnadseleverna. I den analys som gjordes kunde de jämförda resultaten peka på en förbättring av användbarheten i det specifika prov som undersökts. Det kunde dock även konstateras att ett flertal problem återstod för att helt uppnå målet med en minimering av problem. Denna uppsats visar på betydelsen av att göra iterativa designprocesser i interaktiva system för att öka dess användbarhet. Studien pekar tydligt på vikten av att göra användartest samt hur teori kan vara ett komplement till utformning av interaktiva gränssnitt. / Provbanken is part of a national examination system, which is meant to be a mark-setting complement to existing tests in the upper secondary school. Växjö University has been part of the development of tests regarding the vocational subjects since 1997. Because the content of these web-adapted tests is essential, the design of the tests must be made easy to understand. In other words, the usability has to be obvious and must not create trouble for the user. As one of the developers of these interactive tests, I wanted to find a way to minimize the problems and increase the usability. In the conducted background studies, I found that the iterative design process was suggested as the best method to achieve my goal. With the help of usability tests applied to theoretical frame of reference, one of the tests created at Växjö University was evaluated. Since a test regarding homecare was chosen, the target group became six homecare students. Three of them took part in the first usability test. The gathering of data was conducted with the help of a qualitative method, where observations and interviews were used as empirical techniques. In the following analysis six high or medium high problems were discovered, out of which three of the most urgent problems were solved. These problems were evaluated and implemented with help of theoretical guidelines into a prototype, which later became usability tested with the three remaining homecare students. In the analysis made, the compared results showed an improvement of the usability in the specific, investigated test. However, it could clearly be stated that several issues persisted until the goal of minimizing the problems could be achieved. This thesis shows the importance of performing iterative design processes in interactive systems in order to increase the usability. The study clearly points out the importance of usability tests and how theory can be a complement in the design of interactive interfaces.