O objetivo desse estudo é: (a) verificar o efeito do desgaste do calçado na Força de Reação do Solo (FRS) e na distribuição de pressão plantar e (b) verificar a influência do desgaste em calçados de diferentes destinações de uso. Três sujeitos participaram desse estudo, usando cada um quatro calçados de corrida, sendo dois de treinamento (T1 e T2) e dois de competição (C1 e C2). Os calçados foram submetidos ao uso correspondente a 300km. As coletas de dados foram feitas, com o calçado novo e após 100, 200 e 300km de uso, utilizando o sistema Gaitway e o sistema F-Scan. Nos calçados novos, na FRS, a Taxa de Crescimento1 (TC1) foi significativamente maior no calçado C2, do que nos calçados C1 e T2. Na distribuição de pressão plantar, pequena diferença foi observada na Área total (AT) e nos picos de pressão, entre os calçados. Na influência do desgaste nos resultados de grupo, na FRS, o TC1 apresentou valores semelhantes entre as condições Novo e 300km, portanto o choque mecânico não se alterou. Na fase ativa da FRS, oscilações pequenas foram observadas e atribuídas a possíveis variações naturais do movimento, conforme descrito por SERRÃO (1999) e WINTER (1991). Na distribuição de pressão, a AT apresentou um aumento significativo da condição Novo, para as demais condições de uso. O aumento da área foi atribuído à possível compactação do calçado, sendo que essa alteração justificaria a crença de que o calçado novo precise ser amaciado. Entre os picos de pressão analisados, apenas o Pico de Pressão do Antepé (PPA) apresentou diminuição significativa nos valores, da condição Novo para os 300km. Observou-se que após o desgaste imposto, o estresse mecânico se manteve ou se apresentou menor que nas condições iniciais. Na análise da influência do desgaste nos diferentes calçados, para TC1, as diferenças que inicialmente eram significativas tornaram-se não significativas, a partir dos 200km, entre os calçados C1, C2 e T2. Os parâmetros da fase ativa foram pouco influenciados, porém influenciados de forma distinta pelo desgaste, nos calçados analisados. Na distribuição de pressão plantar, a área de contato foi influenciada de forma distinta em cada calçado. Nos picos de pressão plantar, grandes variações foram observadas, porém não atribuíveis ao desgaste promovido no calçado. Conclui-se que o desgaste, correspondente a 300km, pouco alterou o choque mecânico e o estresse mecânico nos calçados analisados. Por meio da destinação de uso, não é possível prever a resposta de calçados de treinamento e de competição ao indivíduo, nem supor que a durabilidade do calçado de competição seja menor do que a do calçado de treinamento / The objective of this study is: (a) to verify the effect of footwear usage on the Ground Reaction Force (GRF) and on the Plantar Pressure Distribution and (b) to verify the influence of usage in footwear of different destinations of use. Three subjects had participated of this study, each one received four running shoes, two of them are designated for training regimen (T1 and T2) and two of them for competition (C1 and C2). The footwears were used for 300km. The data collections were made in four different moments, with new footwear and after 100, 200 and 300km of use, using the Gaitway system and the F-Scan system. When footwear was new, the Loading Rate1 (LR1) was significantly higher in footwear C2, than in the footwears C1 and T2. Analyzing plantar pressure distribution, small differences were observed in the Total Contact Area (TCA) and in the peak of pressure, between the footwears. In the analysis of the different usage stages, the LR1 presented similar values between the conditions New and 300km, therefore the mechanical shock did not enhanced. In the active phase of the GRF, small oscillations were observed and attributed to the possible natural variations of the movement itself, as described before by SERRÃO (1999) and WINTER (1991). In pressure distribution, the TCA showed a significant increase from the New condition, for the other conditions of use. The increase of contact area was attributed to the possible compactation of the footwear?s material, if so this would justify the belief that the new footwear needs to be softened. Considering all peak pressure variables, only Forefoot Peak Pressure (FPP) presented significant reduction in its values, from the New condition for 300km. Therefore it could be assumed that after corresponding usage of 300km, the mechanical stress remained the same or decreased compared with the earlier conditions of use. The shoes of different destinations when analyzed through the conditions, showed that the differences for LR1 that initially were significant had become not significant, from 200km, between the footwear C1, C2 and T2. In the pressure peaks plantar, great variations had been observed, however not attributable to the usage. The conclusion is that usage, correspondent 300km, has little effect on mechanical shock and on mechanical stress on the footwear analyzed in this study. By means of the use destination, it is not possible to foresee the answer of footwear to the individual, nor to assume that the durability of the footwear are worse in competition shoes than in training shoes

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Le déploiement continu des technologies et systèmes d'information (TSI) et leur application croissante dans la plupart des activités humaines ont engendré à la fois l'émergence de nombreuses problématiques, et le renouvellement de diverses interrogations d'ordre moral relatives aux différents usages de ces outils. Cette recherche s'inscrit dans ce cadre général d'analyse de l'éthique des TSI, et s'applique au contexte particulier de l'industrie du livre qui connaît actuellement une profonde transformation, étroitement liée au développement de la technologie du livre numérique. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent dans un premier temps, l'étendue et les divers aspects de l'éthique individuelle des utilisateurs dans le cadre général, et le positionnement moral des organisations vis-à-vis de l'usage des TSI. Dans un second temps, ils révèlent les changements sociotechniques apportés par le livre numérique dans l'industrie du livre et leurs perceptions éthiques de la part des différents acteurs de la chaîne du livre. En dernier lieu, l'étude présente un modèle théorique pour appréhender les facteurs explicatifs de l'usage éthique versus non éthique du livre numérique. / The development of information technologies (IT), and their increasing application in most of human activities have led at the same time to the emergence of many issues, and the renewal of various moral questions relating to the IT usage. This research is incorporated within this general framework of analysis of IT ethics, and is applied to the specific context of the book industry, which is currently experiencing a profound transformation due to the development of the eBook technology. The findings of this research show at first, the extent and the diverse aspects of users' individual ethics, and the moral positioning of organizations towards IT usage. Secondly, results reveal the socio-technical changes brought by eBook in the book industry and their ethical perceptions from the book chain actors. Finally, the study presents a theoretical model for understanding the explanatory factors of ethical versus unethical usage of eBook.

Background Neuropathic pain (NP), defined as pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system, affects 6.9 – 10 % of people worldwide. Pregabalin is currently recommended as a first line drug for NP in South Africa. Methods A cross-sectional retrospective descriptive medicines usage evaluation (MUE) of Pregabalin at Groote Schuur Chronic Pain clinic for the year 2017 was conducted. A MUE using a standardized data collection form was performed on 100 randomly selected folders. Data are summarized using descriptive statistics. Results The majority of cases were women (76) with a mean age of 55.9y (SD12.49). A diagnosis of NP was recorded in 58 folders and a “possible” diagnosis recorded in 7 folders. In 79 cases there was no mention of a tool/method used to diagnose NP. The most common condition diagnosed was chronic post-surgical pain with a neuropathic component (n=16), followed by NP (n=15). The most common initiating and current dose of Pregabalin was 75mg twice daily. In 56 patients, Pregabalin was prescribed in conjunction with a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) or selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). Patient education was documented as having taken place in 76 of cases. Conclusions Based on this MUE we recommend the use of screening tools for the diagnosis of neuropathic pain, and a focus on the initiating dose of Pregabalin. The use of a standardized assessment document and the interdisciplinary team input at this clinic appears to optimize prescribing of Pregabalin in line with practice guidelines.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第21866号 / 人博第895号 / 新制||人||214(附属図書館) / 2018||人博||895(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)准教授 中森 誉之, 教授 服部 文昭, 准教授 PETERSON Mark / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

Modern vehicles nowadays are equipped with highly sensitive sensors which continuously log in the information when the vehicle is in motion. These vehicles also deal with some performance issues like more fuel consumption, breakdown, or failure, etc. The information logged in by the sensors can be useful to analyze and evaluate these performance issues.  As vehicles are there in the market and are used in multiple places. These vehicles can perform differently based on the way they are operated and driven and the usage of a vehicle varies from time to time. Moreover, the European Accident Research and Safety Report from Volvo Organization describes the factors responsible for road fatalities and accidents. It explains that 90\% of road fatalities are caused by the style of the vehicle being driven and 30\% is caused by the external weather and environmental factor. Therefore, in this work, vehicle usage modeling is done based on time to determine the different usage styles of a vehicle and how they can affect a vehicle's performance. The proposed framework is divided into four separate modules namely: Data pre\textendash processing, Data segmentation, Unsupervised machine learning, and Pattern Analysis. Mainly, ensemble clustering methods are used to extract the pattern of the vehicle usage style and vehicle performance in different seasons using truck logged vehicle data (LVD). From the results, we could build a strong correlation between the vehicle usage style and the vehicle performance that would require further investigation.

In this essay the goal has been to examine what kind of beliefs about the "people´s home" the Sweden Democrats expresses during the period 1990-2014, and how these beliefs are used in the political debate. This has involved an examination of the party's total number of intention decorations documents, and the party´s magazine The SD Courier (SD-Kuriren). The theoretical concepts that have been used to analyse the material are the different forms of "historical use", and particularly the types of "historical use" that are used by political actors.These concepts are "existential", "moral", "political-pedagogical" and "ideological" use of history. These concepts have been combined with a hermeneutic method, in which Intertextual reading has had a crucial role, and the focus have been to find change and continuity. The party has used their interpretation and beliefs about the "people's home" idea, to show their political intent and to criticise opponents, but also to some extent paint a picture of a Sweden in chaos. The party´s idea of the "people´s home" include the nation's peculiarity, homogeneity as the foundation of stability, the importance of the traditional family for raising good citizens. They use this idea of the "people´s home" to describe their vision as a political organization, and partly to criticise opposition parties, arguing these do not live up to the idea of the good "People's home". But also, to some extent paint up a picture of a country in chaos if the "people´s home" idea do not take its rightful place in society, and political discourse. / Inom ramen för denna uppsats har undersökts vad för typ av föreställningar om folkhemmet som det svenska riksdagspartiet Sverigedemokraterna ger uttryck för mellan åren 1990-2014, och hur deras användningen av folkhemstanken i den politiska debatten ter sig. Detta har inneburit undersökning av deras samtliga partiprogram samt deras partitidning SD-Kuriren. De teoretiska begrepp som har använts är de olika formerna av historiebruk, som används av politiska aktörer.Dessa är Existentiellt, moraliskt, politiskt-pedagogiskt och ideologiskt historiebruk. Dessa begrepp har kombinerats med en hermeneutisk metod, där intertextuell läsning, samt förändring och kontinuitet varit framträdande inslag. Partiet har använt, som de anser korrekta, föreställningar om folkhemmet, vilka innefattar nationens särart, homogeniteten som grunden till stabilitet, och den traditionella familjens betydelse, för att fostra goda medborgare. De använder denna folkhemstanke, dels till att beskriva sin målbild som politisk organisation, och dels för att kritisera motståndarpartier, genom att hävda att de inte lever upp till tanken på det goda folkhemmet. Men också i viss utsträckning måla upp en bild av ett land i kaos om folkhemstanken inte får inta sin rättmätiga plats i samhället.

The smartphone has quickly become the most used device to access the internet. Academic and public concern has been raised if overuse of smartphone technology can have detrimental effects on brain and behavior. Preliminary results suggest that excessive smartphone usage may be linked to impaired inhibitory control. The present study investigates whether such a relationship is present in a sample of healthy individuals with varying degrees of usage. To investigate the proposed relationship, the Stroop color and word task and the stop-signal task was utilized to measure inhibitory control, while screen time was utilized to measure duration of smartphone usage. A Pearson‘s correlation analysis and an independent t-test/Mann Whitney-U test analyzed the results, which did not yield statistical significance.

Purpose: In literature, there is not sufficient research of the impact of Enterprise Resource planning (ERP) usage on firm performance for small and medium sized Swedish companies. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide clarifications regarding this topic by investigating two research questions: What factors drive ERP usage in small- and medium- sized Swedish enterprises? Does ERP usage affect Firm Performance in small- and medium- sized Swedish enterprises?  Design/Methodology/Approach: To approach our research questions 10 hypotheses are constructed based on previous studies. Further, to gather the data required to test these hypotheses, a survey was sent to 1000 Swedish small- and medium-size enterprises which generated 100 responses. The data was later analyzed using a Partial Least Square Structural Model.  Findings: The first outcome of this study is that the main drivers of ERP usage in Swedish small- and medium-sized enterprises are Top Management Support and Effective Project Management. The second outcome is that ERP usage has a significant positive impact on Firm Performance.  Contribution/implication: The main practical contribution derived from our results is that small- and medium-size firms should focus on Top management support and Effective project management in order to increase their ERP usage, which in turn could lead to greater levels of firm performance. In the theoretical spectrum, we contribute to the literature by enhancing the importance of effective project management not previously tested in the ERP usage context and by adding question marks regarding the effect of certain variables on ERP usage.

This thesis deals with cermets as a tool material. In the Preamble, the types, production, labeling and properties of cermets are analyzed. The main part of the thesis introduces cermets in the range of manufacturing by the world leading producers of tools and tool materials. The Conclusion of the thesis summarizes the evaluation of tool cutting abilities and recommended working conditions guaranteeing the efficient use of cermets.