Submitted by Marlene Aparecida de Souza Cardozo (mcardozo@pucsp.br) on 2016-12-01T12:08:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 José Reinaldo Miranda de Sousa.pdf: 11871029 bytes, checksum: b5acaed8f6009b5f20e38da004dc5bef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T12:08:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 José Reinaldo Miranda de Sousa.pdf: 11871029 bytes, checksum: b5acaed8f6009b5f20e38da004dc5bef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Diasporas represented a constant in the history of people of Maranhão. Since the colonial period, several people landed there: French, Dutch, Portuguese and in large numbers, Africans, all these people with their unique cultures, making today in Maranhão a hybrid society. This entry of several people in its territory has several cycles and extends to the 1960s, when Brazil underwent profound political and economic changes, which inserted Maranhão in the military project context. This study is aimed at the contemporary diaspora in the state’s middle-eastern region, more precisely in the municipality of Codó. It is observed how this phenomenon occurred, since the implanted agrarian policy from the "Sarney Land Law", which imposed major changes to the lands structure, i.e. a policy with bases in developmental design that favored big businesses, south and southeast businessmen and multinational capital. This restructuring has affected the general population, especially the inhabitants of the land in common use, removing them from their lands, also causing the intensification of land conflicts in the state. This research studies, from the perspective of cultural history, the diasporic process experienced by these subjects; Their memories in new territories and the construction of their identities; The paths, the waywardness and the changes occurring in that community as a result of this displacement. They will be analyzed from a group of migrants from Codó living in Aurora Garden, Guaianases, eastern region of the city of São Paulo, their struggles and achievements in the state territory and the strengthening of their cultures and identities, in this "Codó inside Guaianases". Investigated as the agricultural model imposed from the 1970s, he promoted the diasporic process that has lived up to the present day the maranhense rural population / As diásporas têm representado uma constante na história dos povos maranhenses. Desde o período colonial, por lá aportaram diversos povos: franceses, holandeses, portugueses e, em grande contingente, os africanos, todos esses povos com suas peculiares culturas, fazendo-se notar, hoje, na sociedade maranhense, uma sociedade híbrida. Essa entrada de diversos povos para o território maranhense tem vários ciclos e se estende até a década de 1960, quando o Brasil passou por profundas mudanças políticas e econômicas, que inseriram o Maranhão no contexto do projeto dos militares. Este estudo está voltado à diáspora contemporânea maranhense, na mesorregião leste do estado, mais precisamente no município de Codó. Observa-se como esse fenômeno ocorreu, desde a política agrária implantada a partir da “Lei Sarney de Terras”, que impôs profundas modificações à estrutura agrária do Maranhão, ou seja, uma política com bases na concepção desenvolvimentista, que privilegiou as grandes empresas e empresários do sul e sudeste e o capital multinacional. Essa reestruturação afetou a população em geral, sobretudo os moradores das terras de uso comum, expulsando-os de suas terras, provocando também o acirramento dos conflitos agrários no estado. Esta pesquisa estuda, sob a perspectiva da História Cultural, o processo diaspórico vivido por esses sujeitos; suas memórias em novos territórios e a construção de suas identidades; os caminhos, os descaminhos e as transformações ocorridas naquela comunidade em decorrência desse deslocamento. Serão analisadas, a partir de um grupo de migrantes codoenses residentes no Jardim Aurora, Guaianases, região leste da cidade de São Paulo, suas lutas e conquistas no território paulista e o fortalecimento de suas culturas e identidades, nessa “Codó em Guaianases”. Investigou-se como o modelo agrário instituído, a partir da década de 1970, promoveu o processo diaspórico que tem vivido até os dias atuais a população rural maranhense

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-08-05T20:21:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Vilson Sousa Queiroz Júnior 0 2016.pdf: 9304635 bytes, checksum: 577b278694a194be0898f039d64e4c5a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-08T14:18:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Vilson Sousa Queiroz Júnior 0 2016.pdf: 9304635 bytes, checksum: 577b278694a194be0898f039d64e4c5a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-08T14:18:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Vilson Sousa Queiroz Júnior 0 2016.pdf: 9304635 bytes, checksum: 577b278694a194be0898f039d64e4c5a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The natural change of river courses for the construction and reservoir formation, represented here for power generation given the growing demand for electricity in Brazil, causes significant changes in aquatic environments and consequently in its surroundings, given the different characteristics depending, of flooded areas, the different types of water circulation, the period of residence, the flow of nutrients, in synthesis, limnological, standards setting different aquatic compartments, suggesting a certain importance for these environments. The Limnological analyses of the waters of a reservoir associated with remote sensing techniques in order to identify the aquatic compartments represents a set methodology effective for desired results. In this context, the objective of this study was to perform the characterization of aquatic compartments HPP reservoir Caçu, Goiás Brazil, limnological variables and spectral data associated with an analysis of the dynamics of land use in the catchment area of Caçu. Analyzing two distinct periods, being one with the lowest rainfall, represented by the month of August 2014 and the highest rates, the month of January 2015 as climatological average. The methodology consisted in collecting rainfall data, the concentration of suspended solids (CSS), transparency of the water through the Secchi disk (DS), chlorophyll-a (CHL-a) and land use classification. Spectral data were collected FieldSpec ® HandHeld 2. Limnological data collection and the Spectra was carried out in 35 sampling points evenly distributed by the reservoir. Limnological variables were espacializadas by the Inverse distance weighting (IDW). The use of the land was made through satellite image classification of Landsat 8 OLI, obtaining as predominant class the average value for grazing the fields of 74.11%, followed by the class of vegetation with 19.91%. The results showed that the accumulated precipitation for the period of January showed the highest field and the field of August the lowest rainfall. The CSS presented variation of 0.17 to 4.5 mg/L for the August to January to 18.83 0.5 mg/L. The transparency of the DS was, of the 2.5 m 0.9, to August and January to 1.60 0.5 m. To the CHL – in the field of August was found values of 0.0 to 6.32 μ g/L and for January to 1.26 8.84 μ g/L, with values ranging along the reservoir, going on with low values and other with high values (compared to the previous part), for both fields. For Limnological variables was executed Person correlation tests to understand the interdependencies of these, getting Strong inverse correlation to CSS and DS and Moderate correlation for CSS and CHL-a. For the spectra obtained in the field, in general all showed similar behavior, varying only the rates of between 0.5% reflectance and 2.5% for August and 0.3% and 3.4% and certain peculiarities. It was possible to observe that there are absorption features, being approximately in 610 and 675nm, the latter being for chlorophyll-a. According to the literature, the 610 nm absorption band is due to absorption by phycocyanin. Presented to the CSS, spectral response in the red and near-infrared bands. In general, the results and based on the variables of greater relevance as DS, CSS and CHL, the reservoir of Caçu presented three compartments defined Dryland, transition and Lentic stretches, A and B data peculiarities of Limnological variables patterns. / Alteração natural dos cursos de rios para a construção e formação de reservatórios, aqui representado para a geração de energia dado a crescente demanda de energia elétrica no Brasil, acarreta mudanças significativas nos ambientes aquáticos e consequentemente no seu entorno, dado as distintas características em função, das áreas inundadas, dos diversos tipos de circulação da água, do período de residência, do fluxo de nutrientes, em síntese, dos padrões limnológicos, definindo diferentes compartimentos aquáticos, sugerindo certa importância de estudos para estes ambientes. A análise limnológica das águas de um reservatório associadas a técnicas de sensoriamento remoto com o intuito de identificar os compartimentos aquáticos representa um conjunto metodológico eficaz para resultados almejados. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar a caracterização dos compartimentos aquáticos do reservatório da UHE Caçu, Goiás, Brasil, por variáveis limnológicas e dados espectrais associado a uma análise da dinâmica do uso da terra da bacia hidrográfica da UHE Caçu. Analisando dois períodos distintos, sendo um com os menores índices pluviométricos, representado pelo mês de agosto de 2014 e o de maiores índices, o mês de janeiro de 2015 conforme média climatológica. A metodologia constituiu-se na coleta de dados de precipitação, Concentração de Sólidos em Suspensão (CSS), transparência da água por meio do Disco de Secchi (DS), Clorofila – a (CHL – a) e classificação do uso da terra. Os dados espectrais foram coletados FieldSpec® HandHeld 2. A coleta de dados limnológica e dos espectros foi realizada em 35 pontos amostrais distribuídas uniformemente pelo reservatório. As variáveis limnológicas foram espacializadas pelo Inverso do Quadrado da distância (IDW). O uso da terra foi confeccionado por meio de classificação de imagens de satélite do Landsat 8 OLI, obtendo-se como classe predominante a de Pastagem com valor médio para os campos de 74,11%, seguido pela classe de Vegetação com 19,91%. A partir dos resultados observou-se que a precipitação acumulada para o período do campo de janeiro apresentou maior e para o campo de agosto o menor índice pluviométrico. A CSS apresentou variação de 0,17 a 4,5 mg/L para o campo de agosto, para janeiro de 0,5 a 18,83 mg/L. A transparência do DS ficou, de 0,9 a 2,5 m, para agosto e para janeiro de 0,5 a 1,60 m. Para a CHL – a no campo de agosto foi encontrado valores de 0,0 a 6,32 μg/L e para janeiro de 1,26 a 8,84 μg/L, com padrão de valores variando ao longo do reservatório, havendo partes com valores baixos e em outras com valores altos (se comparado a parte anterior), para ambos os campos. Para as variáveis limnológicas foi executado testes de correlação de Person para compreender a interdependências destas, obtendo correlação inversa Forte para CSS e DS e correlação Moderada para CSS e CHL - a. Para os espectros obtidos em campo, no geral todos apresentaram comportamento semelhante, variando apenas as taxas de reflectância entre 0,5% e 2,5% para agosto e 0,3% e 3,4% e certas particularidades. Foi possível observar que há feições de absorção, sendo, aproximadamente em 610 e 675nm, sendo esta última para a Clorofila – a. Segundo a literatura, a banda de absorção em 610 nm é devida à absorção pela ficocianina. Apresentou resposta espectral para o CSS, nas faixas do vermelho e infravermelho próximo. De forma geral a partir dos resultados tendo-se como base as variáveis de maior relevância como DS, CSS e CHL - a, o reservatório da UHE Caçu apresentou três compartimentos definidos, Lótico, Transição e Lêntico A e B dados as suas particularidades de padrões das variáveis limnológicas.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Maryland, College Park, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-186). Also available online via the Digital Repository at the University of Maryland website (https://drum.umd.edu/).

Rapid urban growth and unprecedented rural to urban transition, along with a huge population growth are new phenomena for both high and low income countries, which started in the mid-20th century. However, urban growth rates and patterns are different in developed countries and developing ones. In less developed countries, urbanization and rural to urban transition usually takes place in an unmanaged way and they are associated with a series of socioeconomical and environmental issues and problems. Identification of the city growth trends in past decades can help urban planners and managers to minimize these negative impacts. In this research, urban growth in the city of Isfahan, Iran, is the subject of study. Isfahan the third largest city in Iran has experienced a huge urban growth and population boom during the last three decades. This transition led to the destruction of natural and agricultural lands and environmental pollutions. Historical and recent remotely sensed data, along with different remote sensing techniques and methods have been used by researchers for urban land use and land cover change detection. In this study three Landsat TM and ETM+ images of the study site, acquired in 1985, 2000 and 2009 are used. Before starting processing, radiometric normalization is done to minimize the atmospheric effects. Then, processing methods including principal component analysis (PCA), vegetation indices and supervised classification are implemented on the images. Accuracy assessment of the PCA method showed that the first PC was responsible for more than 81% of the total variance, and therefore used for analysis of PCA differencing. ΔPC1t1-t2 shows the amount of changes in land use and land cover during the period of study. In this study ten vegetation indices were selected to be applied to the 1985 image. Accuracy assessments showed that Transformed Differencing Vegetation Index (TDVI) is the most sensitive and accurate index for mapping vegetation in arid and semi-arid urban areas. Hence, TDVI was applied to the 2000 and 2009 images. ΔTDVIt1-t2 showed the changes in land use and land cover especially the land use transformation from vegetation cover into the urban class. Supervised classification is the last method applied to the images. Training sites were assigned for the selected classes and accuracy was monitored during the process of training site selection. The results of classification show the expansion of urban class and diminishment in natural and agricultural lands.

Detecting the changes of land use and land cover of the earth’s surface is extremely important to achieve continual and precise information about study area for any kinds of planning of the development. Geographic information system and remote sensing technologies have shown their great capabilities to solve the study issues like land use and land cover changes. The aim of this thesis is to produce maps of land use and land cover of Shijiazhuang on year 1993, 2000 and 2009 to monitor the possible changes that may occur particularly in agricultural land and urban or built-up land, and detect the process of urbanization in this city. Three multi-temporal satellite image data, Thematic Mapper image data from year 1993, Enhanced Thematic Mapper image data from 2000 and China Brazil Earth Resource Satellite image data from 2009 were used in this thesis. In this study, supervised classification was the major classification approach to provide classified maps, and five land use and land cover categories were identified and mapped. Post-classification approach was used to improve the qualities of the classified map. The noises in the classified maps will be removed after post-classification process. Normalized difference vegetation index was used to detect the changes of vegetated land and non-vegetated land. Change detection function in Erdas Imagine was used to detect the urban growth and the intensity of changes surrounding the urban areas. Cellular automata Markov was used to simulate the trends of land use and cover change during the period of 1993 to 2000 and 2000 to 2009, and a future land use map was simulated based on the land use maps of year 2000 and 2009. From this performance, the cross-tabulation matrices between different periods were produced to analyze the trends of land use and cover changes, and these statistic data directly expressed the change of land use and land cover. The results show that the agricultural land and urban or built-up land were changed a lot, approximately half of agricultural land was converted into urban or built-up land. This indicates that the loss of agricultural land is associated with the growth of urban or built-up land. Thus, the urbanization took place in Shijiazhuang, and the results of this urban expansion lead to the loss of agricultural land and environmental problems. During the process of detecting the land use and cover change, obtaining of high-precision classified maps was the main problem.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-175). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-175). Also available on the Internet.

Rapid urban growth and unprecedented rural to urban transition, along with a huge population growth are new phenomena for both high and low income countries, which started in the mid-20th century. However, urban growth rates and patterns are different in developed countries and developing ones. In less developed countries, urbanization and rural to urban transition usually takes place in an unmanaged way and they are associated with a series of socioeconomical and environmental issues and problems. Identification of the city growth trends in past decades can help urban planners and managers to minimize these negative impacts. In this research, urban growth in the city of Isfahan, Iran, is the subject of study. Isfahan the third largest city in Iran has experienced a huge urban growth and population boom during the last three decades. This transition led to the destruction of natural and agricultural lands and environmental pollutions. Historical and recent remotely sensed data, along with different remote sensing techniques and methods have been used by researchers for urban land use and land cover change detection. In this study three Landsat TM and ETM+ images of the study site, acquired in 1985, 2000 and 2009 are used. Before starting processing, radiometric normalization is done to minimize the atmospheric effects. Then, processing methods including principal component analysis (PCA), vegetation indices and supervised classification are implemented on the images. Accuracy assessment of the PCA method showed that the first PC was responsible for more than 81% of the total variance, and therefore used for analysis of PCA differencing. ΔPC1t1-t2 shows the amount of changes in land use and land cover during the period of study. In this study ten vegetation indices were selected to be applied to the 1985 image. Accuracy assessments showed that Transformed Differencing Vegetation Index (TDVI) is the most sensitive and accurate index for mapping vegetation in arid and semi-arid urban areas. Hence, TDVI was applied to the 2000 and 2009 images. ΔTDVIt1-t2 showed the changes in land use and land cover especially the land use transformation from vegetation cover into the urban class. Supervised classification is the last method applied to the images. Training sites were assigned for the selected classes and accuracy was monitored during the process of training site selection. The results of classification show the expansion of urban class and diminishment in natural and agricultural lands.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- McMaster University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available via World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-99). Also available on the World Wide Web.