Este trabalho se propõe a contribuir para a discussão da gestão da inovação em empresas low-tech. Como ponto de partida, a partir da perspectiva da Cadeia de Valor da Inovação, é feita uma análise da gestão da inovação em grandes empresas pouco intensivas em tecnologia. Essa abordagem possibilita uma visão ampla da gestão da inovação, não restrita ao processo de desenvolvimento de produto ou atividades intensivas de P&D. Em cada empresa analisada, foram investigadas as formas de organização, de tomada de decisão e os principais instrumentos de gestão (conforme os elos da cadeia de inovação, geração, conversão e difusão da ideia), no intuito de verificar como essas empresas gerenciam e organizam suas cadeias de valor da inovação e a possível convergência com o modo típico low-tech de inovar, preconizado pela literatura. A literatura vigente propõe a existência desse modo típico low-tech, no entanto, pode-se dizer que ele está mais associado às limitações dessas empresas (recursos, estrutura, estratégia etc.), geralmente empresas de pequeno e médio porte, do que propriamente a uma forma distinta de inovar. Para tal análise, cinco casos de empresas low-tech são confrontados com o caso de uma empresa tipicamente high-tech e a literatura disponível. Para as organizações pesquisadas, grandes empresas, os resultados não apontam para a existência de um modo típico de inovar de empresas low- tech vis-à-vis a um modo típico de empresas high-tech. Embora estas empresas tenham estratégias, objetivos, recursos e demandas diferenciadas, elas organizam e administram suas cadeias de inovação de forma muito semelhante. Por fim, com base na discussão dos aspectos importantes apontados na literatura e a análise dos resultados encontrados, é proposto um conjunto de princípios gerais para balizar a organização e a gestão da cadeia de valor da inovação, a serem levados em conta por empresas low-tech que tenham ou pretendam ter a inovação contínua em produto como parte integrante de sua estratégia competitiva. / This work aims contributes to the discussion of innovation management in low-tech companies. As a starting point, from the perspective of the Innovation Value Chain, an analysis of innovation management in large low-tech companies is made. This approach allows a broad view of innovation management, not restricted to the process of product development or intensive activities in R&D. In each company analyzed were investigated forms of organization, decision making and the main tools of management (as the links in innovation chain, \"generation, conversion and diffusion of the idea\") in order to verify how these companies manage and organize their innovation value chains, and the possible convergence with the typical low-tech way to innovate, advocated in the literature. For this analysis, five cases of low-tech companies are confronted by a typical high-tech company and by the available literature. Although the current literature proposes the existence of a typical low-tech way to innovate, generally associated to the companies constraints (resources, structure, strategy etc.) and the features related to small and medium companies, we can state that this typical low-tech way can not be broaden to the all companies in this sector. For the organizations surveyed, large companies, the results point to the absence of a typical low-tech way to innovate vis-à-vis a typical mode of high-tech companies. Although these companies do have strategies, goals, resources and differentiated demands, they organize and manage their innovative value chains very similarly. Finally, based on the discussion of the important aspects mentioned in the literature and on the result analysis, it is proposed a set of general principles to appraise the organization and the innovation value chain management, to be taken into account by low-tech companies that have or intend to have continuous innovation in products as part of their competitive strategy.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-10-16T15:14:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luís Gustavo Junqueira de Macedo_.pdf: 1860304 bytes, checksum: 85bb013c6d76d24a98c76e5c14948a34 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-16T15:14:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luís Gustavo Junqueira de Macedo_.pdf: 1860304 bytes, checksum: 85bb013c6d76d24a98c76e5c14948a34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-26 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho trata da temática da inovação ao longo da cadeia de valor em ambiente de organizações de telecomunicações. As atividades de inovação podem ocorrer ao longo de todos os estágios das atividades na empresa, e tornam-se um meio para incremento da competitividade das organizações no cenário de forte concorrência. O presente estudo utiliza a abordagem qualitativa exploratória para analisar os dados coletados por meio de entrevistas realizadas entre fevereiro e junho de 2017. Foram cinco profissionais entrevistados que pertencem à área de vendas e estão distribuídos nas quatro principais empresas do setor, mais um quinto que trabalha em uma organização considerada entrante. Com base no estudo, apresentou-se uma caracterização do setor e das empresas pesquisadas, identificando exemplos práticos de atividades de inovação em cada organização e de que forma estas agregam valor ao cliente. Para proceder com a análise comparativa dos resultados, utilizou-se um modelo gráfico chamado de “Curva da Riqueza” que originalmente foi criada por Pantaleão, Antunes Junior e Pellegrin (2007) com o objetivo de associar os conceitos de inovação encontrados no manual de OSLO e a cadeia de valor na forma mais específica dos estágios das atividades das organizações da indústria de transformação. Com a utilização do modelo, o estudo apresentou o comportamento da Curva da Riqueza para cada uma das empresas e para o setor, no que diz respeito aos estágios das atividades e ao valor de apropriação. Observou-se nos casos analisados que a inovação ocorre de forma incremental, com foco principal nas ações de gestão da marca e desenvolvimento de novos serviços calçados essencialmente no desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias na área de tecnologia da informação. Em contra partida, as atividades de inovação no desenvolvimento de processos e serviços de pós-vendas parecem estar relegadas ao menor tratamento, impactando na percepção de qualidade tanto dos clientes quanto dos próprios profissionais. A empresa entrante trata em primeiro plano as atividades de inovação no desenvolvimento de processos, entrega e logística de materiais, e por esse motivo, a Curva da Riqueza dessa organização tem formato invertido à versão original, utilizada em indústrias de produtos. / This paper deals with the theme of innovation along the value chain in the environment of telecommunications organizations. Innovation activities can occur throughout all stages of the company's activities and become a means to increase the competitiveness of organizations in the context of strong competition. The present study uses the qualitative exploratory approach to analyze data collected through interviews conducted between February and March 2017. Five professionals interviewed belong to the sales area and are distributed in the four main companies in the sector, plus a fifth that works in an organization considered incoming. Based on the study, a kind of characterization of the sector and the companies surveyed was presented, identifying practical examples of innovation activities in each organization and how they can add value to the customer. To facilitate the comparative analysis of the results, a graphic model called the Curva da Riqueza was originally created by Pantaleão, Antunes Junior e Pellegrin (2007) with the objective of associating the innovation concepts found in the OSLO manual and the value chain in the most specific form of the stages of the activities in an organizations of the transformation industry. With the use of the model, the study presented the behavior of the Curva da Riqueza for each of the companies and for the sector, regarding the stages of activities and the value of appropriation. It was observed in the analyzed cases that innovation occurs incrementally, with a main focus on brand management actions and the development of new services, mainly in the development of new technologies in the area of information technology. On the other hand, innovation activities in the development of processes and after-sales services seem to be relegated to the lowest treatment, impacting the quality perception of both the customers and the professionals themselves. The exception is the incoming company that focuses on innovation activities in process development, delivery and material logistics, and for that reason, the Curva da Riqueza of this organization has an inverted format to the original version used in product industries.

Submitted by Nara Lays Domingues Viana Oliveira (naradv) on 2015-07-20T13:36:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EstefaneBergamoEngProdSistemas.pdf: 736931 bytes, checksum: 54dd1e6f39bddbcfac0c53c2c69f1abb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-20T13:36:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EstefaneBergamoEngProdSistemas.pdf: 736931 bytes, checksum: 54dd1e6f39bddbcfac0c53c2c69f1abb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Nenhuma / A importância do biodiesel no Brasil não está ligada somente a questões ambientais, mas à inclusão social da agricultura familiar. Com esse objetivo o Governo Federal criou o Programa Nacional de Produção e Uso do Biodiesel (PNPB) que estimulou a produção deste novo combustível na matriz energética brasileira. O Rio Grande do Sul, por ser um dos maiores produtores de soja do País, introduziu esse cultivo como matéria-prima principal para a produção de biodiesel. Este trabalho está baseado em um estudo de caso da governança da cadeia produtiva do biodiesel no Rio Grande do Sul, descrevendo a atual cadeia produtiva do biodiesel no Estado. Para isso, analisa um modelo de governança da cadeia produtiva em dois segmentos: industrial e agrícola, utilizando a metodologia apresentada nesta pesquisa. É importante entender a governança na cadeia produtiva para que uma estratégia de produção possa ser planejada e explorada de forma mais eficaz em cada elo da cadeia. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é caracterizar e analisar a governança dos dois segmentos da cadeia global e da cadeia global de valor do biodiesel no Rio Grande do Sul, identificando que atores têm o papel principal dentro da cadeia produtiva. A pesquisa é um estudo de caso único por ser analisada somente a cadeia produtiva local e de uma cultura como matéria-prima. Para isso, utilizou-se um questionário específico para cada ator entender a visão de governança individual dos atores da cadeia. Os resultados obtidos com este instrumento são de uma cadeia global de valor conduzida pelo comprador e uma estrutura de governança modular. / The importance of biodiesel in Brazil is not only related to environmental issues, but it is also linked to the social inclusion of family farming. In order to achieve social inclusion, the Federal Government created the “Programa Nacional de Produção e Uso do Biodiesel – PNPB” (National Program of Biodiesel Production and Use) which promotes the production of this new fuel in the Brazilian energy matrix. Rio Grande do Sul, as one of the largest producers of soybeans in the country, has introduced this vegetable as the main raw material for biodiesel production. The current project is based on a case study of governance of the biodiesel productive chain in Rio Grande do Sul, which describes the current biodiesel production chain in the state. For this, this paper analysed a model of governance of the production chain into two segments: industrial and agricultural using the methodology presented in the research. It’s important to understand the governance in the production chain, so that a strategy of production can be planned and explored more effectively at every link in the chain. The objective of this research is to characterize and analyse the governance of two segments of the global value chain as well as the governance of global value chain of biodiesel in Rio Grande do Sul. In addition, the project intends to know which actors play the leading parts within the production chain. The research is a unique case study because it only studies the local production chain and one kind of raw material that belongs to this chain. In order to understand the view of governance of each of the leading actors in the chain and characterize the production chain as a whole, it was used a customised questionnaire for each actor in the chain. A global value chain driven by the buyer and a structure of modular governance were the results obtained with this instrument.

In modern society globalisation is a fact within all industries, the textile industry included. Due to improvement in areas such as logistics and communication international trade have developed fast. As changes occur rapidly on the global market and companies must adjust and revise their processes in order to stay competitive.Because of the global price reduction consumers around the world expect low-price products, which mean that the companies have to find new ways to produce in a cost-efficient way. To maximize profit most of the textile production is situated in low-cost countries due to its labour-intensive character. It is crucial for fashion companies to allocate their activities in their value-chain effectively in order to reduce lead-times. Companies must co-operate within the value chain in order to be competitive on the market.Due to the fact that most textile companies produce in geographical distant countries problems occur. The distance makes it more difficult to shorten lead-times and it is also more difficult to control the suppliers. An alternative for the companies is to find a country close-by to produce in.Consumers used to base their purchasing decision on price and quality but today they are more well-informed and have other demands, amongst them ethical production. Because of this many companies have begun to implement CSR in their organisation which is an ethical and environmental way of conducting business.In our thesis we ask how a textile company organize their value chain with a ethical- and environmental perspective, what they may gain from it and how northern Africa is as a productioarea for southern Europe.We have had a hermeneutic approach throughout our essay. The aim is to understand the textile value-chain seen from an ethical and environmental perspective. A qualitative method of research has been applied since we made a case-study at a company called Mango. Secondary data has been obtained from literature and reports. A large part of our empirics has been gathered through interviews and our own experiences from visits in Spain and Morocco.The most distinct conclusion in our thesis is that companies who work with CSR have to implement it throughout the entire value chain. To make CSR efficient the company must have a ethical foundation based upon a well-defined code-of-conduct. Companies who practice an ethical production can gain competitive advantages but they must make their stakeholders aware of it. If they chose to produce in a country close-by they can receive other advantages within the Iethical and environmental area, such as shorter transports. What can be ascertained from our thesis is that there are more advantages than disadvantages for companies to produce in an ethical and environmental correct way. / <p>Program: Textilekonomutbildningen</p><p>Uppsatsnivå: C</p>

Thailand is a leading rice exporting country that exports rice for one-third of world‟s export volume. Rice from Thailand is exported to markets in every part of the world including Sweden. Thai rice products are available to be accessed by Swedish consumers in supermarket generally. The purposes of this study are to analyze the entire chain of rice starting from farm in Thailand to consumers in Sweden. Stakeholders in the chain are examined and value-added by each stakeholder is defined. Role of governance in the chain is analyzed to underline the governance relationships and interaction of actors. Moreover, roles of government institution are examined to describe its impact on the chain. Data for the analyses are collected through two activities which include a review of relevant literature and gathering from government offices of Thailand and international institutes.The results of the study reveal that there are at least twelve actors involving in the value chain of rice exported from Thailand to Sweden which include farmers, local collectors, farmer‟s organization, central market, millers, brokers, wholesalers, retailers, exporters, International rice traders and brokers, Associated Marketing Services (AMS), Swedish importers and Swedish consumers. Rice from producers is taken through numbers of path before it‟s reached to consumers. Value of rice is raised along the chain it is taken through according to the costs incurred and marketing margin of each stakeholders. Profits are shared largely to stakeholders who have high bargaining power which are millers and exporters. The governance in domestic rice market goes forth and back along the chain. Prices of rice are influenced by local supply and demand of both local and international consumption.The policy measures adopted by Thai government create affects to the rice value chain to some extent; anyhow the chain typically adjusts itself by the market mechanism of demand and supply. Swedish government applies EU legislation in the country since Sweden has become the member of the European Union in 1995. Further to EU legislation, there are non-legislative requirements developed by market itself that rice exporters must be aware. / Program: Magisterutbildning i företagsekonomi

Integration of operation management goals with the mission of organization requiresadoption of measures capable of pulsing mission accomplishment situation whileoperations are going on. Supply chain, as an increasingly used concept in operationsmanagement, could be supported by the concepts of customer satisfaction and profitmargin to get integrated with main goals of any for-profit organization. Value chain viewprovides such insight and lets the mission of the organization remain in focus while lowerleveldecisions and functional processes are dealt with.Every activity in a value chain could be cost driver and / or value driver. Configuration ofthese cost and value drivers refers to their locational and relational position. Afteragreement on what are going to be core values for the organization, relative positions ofvalue chain activities should be consciously reviewed periodically to identify opportunitiesfor contributing to core values of organization through repositioning or redesigning andstrengthening value activities. The term value chain reconfiguration implies to suchstrategic revision decisions.Opportunities – and threats – for improving performance of the organization not only liewithin internal chain of value activities of the organization, but also could be found out ofthe organization boundaries and among its extended value chain. Acquiring of externalgains needs sound analysis and cost and benefit evaluations for making decision regardingthe way of reacting to the identified opportunities. Virtual value chain orchestration asproposed by its introducer provides a framework for identifying and capturing suchopportunities.Gauging the results of reconfiguration of the value chain, calls for implementingmeaningful criterion so that it reflects captured value in accordance with the destined goal.Taking profit margin of the value chain as master value for organization, the thesis workproposes usage of a less-known profitability indicator, economic value added (EVA) as themeasure which should be focused on in order to evaluate success or failure of firm-levelvalue chain reconfiguration efforts. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The value grid model proposes a complex framework to analyse and understand value creatingactivities among different actors. This literature review is focusing on explaining the evolutionof the value grid model, thus explaining the following theories: (1) supply chain, (2) valuechain, (3) value system, (4) value network, (5) knowledge value chain, (6) value grid model.By underlining the significant changes in the level of business complexity, the importance forthe value grid model is explained. The model is based upon three dimensions, that when appliedcan enable a company to enhance its performance and leverage its own competitive advantage.

El trabajo de investigación está basado en un análisis cualitativo sobre las actividades de la cadena de valor de las empresas exportadoras de neumáticos para la comercialización en el mercado internacional, así como también un análisis de las propuestas de mejora para maximizar estas actividades. Para comenzar el trabajo de investigación se propuso un objetivo general y siete objetivos específicos. El objetivo general propone analizar e identificar propuestas de mejora para aquellas actividades que estén ocasionando cambios negativos dentro de la cadena de valor del sector autopartes para la comercialización en el mercado internacional. Según el Informe Especializado: Autopartes en el Mundo 2017 del Sistema Integrado de Información de Comercio Exterior (Siicex) muestra que la comercialización de neumáticos, durante los últimos años, la demanda de este producto ha obtenido un crecimiento lento, pasando de exportar $55 millones en el año 2015 a $59 millones al cierre del 2017. El método empleado para esta investigación es de tipo cualitativo, dado que estábamos en una exploración que requería de diferentes puntos de vista. Se decidió por utilizar la herramienta de entrevista a profundidad orientada a expertos en el tema. Se obtuvo como conclusión que si existen actividades que ocasionan cambios negativos en la cadena de valor. Asimismo, una propuesta de mejora continua en la cadena de valor tiene un impacto de forma positiva en las empresas exportadoras de las partidas seleccionadas, puesto que genera mayor productividad, reduce los costos, involucra a todas las áreas y genera mayor competitividad en el comercio exterior. / The research work is based on a qualitative analysis of the activities of the value chain of tire exporting companies for commercialization in the international market, as well as an analysis of improvement proposals to maximize these activities. To begin the research work, a general objective and seven specific objectives were proposed. The general objective proposes to analyze and identify proposals for improvement for those activities that are causing negative changes within the value chain of the auto parts sector for commercialization in the international market. According to the Specialized Report: Autoparts in the World 2017 of the Integrated Foreign Trade Information System (Siicex) shows that the marketing of tires, in recent years, the demand for this product has obtained a slow growth, going from exporting $ 55 million in 2015 to $ 59 million at the end of 2017. The method used for this research is qualitative, given that we were in an exploration that required different points of view. He decided to use the in-depth interview tool aimed at experts in the field. It was concluded that there are activities that cause negative changes in the value chain. Likewise, a proposal for continuous improvement in the value chain has a positive impact on the exporting companies of the selected items, since it generates greater productivity, reduces costs, involves all areas and generates greater competitiveness in foreign trade. / Tesis

<p>The media has responded toward unethical behavior in rainforests during the ‘80’s, triggering</p><p>the still upcoming trend of investigation of ethical considerations, as described by Macfarlane</p><p>(1995). Many researchers are constantly improving the ethical theories and showing</p><p>continued change in the perception of ethics (Svensson & Wood, 2007)</p><p>The purpose of this research is to identify the effect of ethics on the proactive or reactive</p><p>behavior of companies, with a downward tendency provided in the value chain.</p><p>The theoretical framework consists out of a set of theories supporting the goal of identifying</p><p>ethics within a company, applying a new business ethics model and measuring the pro-active</p><p>and re-active behavior of the stakeholder in the value chain. Finally, all the theories used, are</p><p>combined in an integrated theoretical model used to justify the collection of empirical data</p><p>and to give structure to the analysis.</p><p>The empirical data has been gathered through non structured and semi-structured interviews</p><p>with customers, employees within the case company, and a supplier to the case company.</p><p>These findings are complemented with secondary data gathered through websites, annual</p><p>reports, codes of conduct, media articles and others sources.</p><p>The findings of the study showed that the (in the theoretical framework) assumption of a</p><p>downward effect in perception and change in ethical considerations is not as obvious as</p><p>previously thought. Within this case study, the ethical influences come from the case</p><p>company, situated in the middle of the value chain, influencing both the consumer and the</p><p>supplier, in ethical considerations.</p>

<p>This research is based on the observation that people in the service industry is being replaced by technology.  This insight formed a foundation for the presentation of the problem this essay is based upon. We began to speculate over how tourist information bureaus handle the changes, regarding information technology, in their surroundings when their main task is to inform and communicate with their market. Information technology has created new possibilities for organizations to reach their consumers and it has influenced all kinds of industries. We decided to examine organizations in the tourism sector because it is one of the biggest and fastest growing industries in the world. The entering of information technology in the tourism industry has changed its structure and we want to examine how tourist information bureaus succeed to deal with this phenomenon.</p><p>The aim with this essay is to examine how and to what extent tourist information bureaus integrate with changes in their surroundings caused by information technology and which values that slip away/ is added by the adaption. To accomplish this we have interviewed six persons representing the tourist information bureaus in Färjestaden, Kalmar, Tranemo, Visby and Norrköping.</p><p>By applying the empirical material, which we gathered through interviews, on theory we wanted to create a deeper understanding in how an organization can handle changes in their surroundings, created by information technology.</p><p>Both the theoretical and the empirical chapter are divided into two main parts, “Information technology” and “Organizational fit”. The conclusion of the research is described in the analyze and discussion chapter.   </p>