Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T14:48:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1473785 bytes, checksum: d0edc922514fedb9efbbbb0d2b13dc97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation has as a main objective to analyse the innovation strategies of technologybased companies, under the Resource-Based View perspective. To this, it was adopted as a methodological procedure a qualitative approach by using the multiple case study method in four technology-based companies located in the northeastern part of Brazil. To the data analysis, it was elaborated two scripts of semi-structured interviews which were answered by the companies directors and two software specialists that totalized six interviewed. In the data analysis, it was used a process of continuous analysis, recurrent, demonstrating, thus, a multidirectional cycle with the help of Atlas.ti software. On the first level, the data was analysed in conformity with their characteristics and their individual contexts (within case). Afterwards, on the second level, a broaden scenario was involved in which the results in the cases were crossed and compared among them (cross case). Then, four categories guided the analysis: the factors that motivated the innovation, the types of innovation strategies, the resources and capacities explored by the innovation strategies and the resources and capacities under the optics of the VRIO model. The obtained results allowed the specific objectives to identify the strategies of innovation realized by the companies and the resources and capacities explored by them. In the studied companies, innovations occure in a routine context since that changing constantly is a part of needed activities to survive in a market. Among the factors that drive innovation, it is emphasized that these can be grouped into broader dimensions, such as customers, continuous development, environment, market, people and external resources. Even though similar factors in their name, companies use them for different purposes in their innovations and what is important for one may not necessarily be to another. As for innovation strategies, it was found that the four cases have a reactive approach to changing environments, performing mostly exploitative innovation strategies through incremental innovations and open. In this sense, it was possible to identify fifteen different types of innovation strategies, which in turn are based on various features and capabilities for its realization. Among them, we present the know-how, the design of organizational structure, organizational culture, the way projects are done and investments in R & D. With regard to resources and capabilities that were shown to have potential to provide sustainable competitive advantage for companies in the light of the VRIO model, intangible resources stand out, such as know-how, organizational culture, entrepreneurship and innovation, responsiveness, the way projects are done, partnerships with other institutions, as well as the relationship between employees. It is concluded that although it was possible to identify the features and capabilities of companies, respondents do not know how to point them easily, and therefore do not realize the cause of its advantages. The changes required both technologically and strategically reinforce the value of the perspective of RBV in the selection, acquisition or improvement of tangible and intangible resources of technologybased companies. / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo geral analisar as estratégias de inovação de empresas de base tecnológica, sob a perspectiva da Resource-Based View. Para isto, adotou-se como procedimento metodológico uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio do método de estudo de casos múltiplos com quatro empresas de base tecnológica localizadas na região Nordeste do Brasil. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, elaborou-se dois roteiros de entrevista semiestruturados aplicados aos diretores das empresas e a dois especialistas do setor de software, totalizando seis entrevistados. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se um processo de análise contínuo, de caráter recorrente, evidenciando-se, assim, um ciclo multidirecional com o auxílio do software Atlas.ti. No primeiro nível, os dados foram analisados em conformidade com suas características e seus contextos individuais (within case). Depois da análise individual, partiu-se para a segunda fase, que envolveu um cenário mais amplo em que os achados nos casos são cruzados e comparados entre si (cross case). Assim, estabeleceram-se quatro categorias que orientaram a análise: fatores que motivam as inovações, tipologias de estratégias de inovação, recursos e capacidades explorados pelas estratégias de inovação e recursos e capacidades sob a ótica do Modelo VRIO. Os resultados obtidos permitiram o atendimento dos objetivos específicos quanto à identificação das estratégias de inovação realizadas pelas empresas e quanto aos recursos e capacidades explorados por elas. Nas empresas estudadas, as inovações ocorrem em um contexto rotineiro, uma vez que mudar constantemente faz parte das atividades necessárias para a sobrevivência no mercado. Dentre os fatores que motivam as inovações, destaca-se que estes podem ser agrupados em dimensões mais amplas, como: clientes, desenvolvimento contínuo, ambiente, mercado, pessoas e recursos externos. Mesmo tendo fatores similares em sua nomenclatura, as empresas os utilizam para finalidades diferentes em suas inovações e o que é importante para uma pode não ser necessariamente para outra. Quanto às estratégias de inovação, constatouse que os quatro casos possuem um comportamento reativo às mudanças nos ambientes, realizando, em sua maioria, as estratégias de inovação exploitative por meio de inovações incrementais e abertas. Neste sentido, foi possível evidenciar quinze tipos diferentes de estratégias de inovação, que por sua vez, possuem como base diversos recursos e capacidades para sua realização. Dentre eles, apresentam-se o know-how, o design da estrutura organizacional, a cultura organizacional, a forma como os projetos são feitos e os investimentos em P&D. Com relação aos recursos e capacidades que mostraram ter potencial para proporcionar vantagem competitiva sustentável nas empresas à luz do modelo VRIO, os recursos intangíveis se sobressaem, tais como: know-how, cultura organizacionais, capacidade empreendedora e inovadora, capacidade de resposta, a forma como os projetos são feitos, as parcerias com outras instituições, bem como o relacionamento entre os funcionários. Concluise que embora tenha sido possível identificar os recursos e capacidades das empresas, os entrevistados não sabem apontá-los com facilidade, e, por isso, não percebem a causa de suas vantagens. As mudanças exigidas tanto tecnologicamente quanto estrategicamente reforçam o valor da ótica da RBV na seleção, aquisição ou aprimoramento dos recursos tangíveis e intangíveis das empresas de base tecnológica.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:53:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaCRS_DISSERT.pdf: 1680180 bytes, checksum: e2568d10eab80b3da3f9d71cc6355ec6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-13 / The pressure for a new pattern of sustainable development began to require of modern organizations the conciliation between competitiveness and a environmental protection. In this sense, a tool that acts in the implementation of structured strategies is the Environmental Management System (EMS), which focuses on improving environmental performance. This improvement, in turn, can generate to the organizations many benefits , among which, obtaining competitive advantages, susceptible of measurement from different perspectives. One of these is the application of VRIO model, reasoned by the Resource-Based View (RBV), which considers that differences between companies occurs due to differences between its internal resources and capabilities. However, although was been found some studies in the literature that evaluate the competitive potential of certain organizations , such assessments are not performed on specific objects, like the SEM s. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the resources and capabilities (environmental strategies) adopted by the SGA of the Verdegreen Hotel, identifying which of these have the potential to generate competitive advantage. For this, this exploratory-descriptive character study and delineated as field research and case study was used as data collection tools: a literature survey, semi-structured interviews, document research and participant observation. The interpretation of results and consolidation of information were conducted from a qualitative approach, using two techniques of data analysis, namely: content analysis and analysis through VRIO model. The results show that the hotel is quite structured in relation to their EMS, as well as reaching related to improving the management of environmental factors, strengthening the image and gains in competitiveness benefits. On the other hand, the main difficulties for the implementation of the system are related to employees and suppliers. With regard to environmental strategies adopted, of the 25 strategies identified, 10 showed the potential to generate competitive advantage / A press?o por um novo padr?o de desenvolvimento sustent?vel passou a exigir das organiza??es modernas que seja conciliada competitividade com a prote??o ambiental. Neste sentido, uma ferramenta que atua na implanta??o de estrat?gias estruturadas ? o Sistema de Gest?o Ambiental (SGA), que tem como foco a melhoria do desempenho ambiental. Esta melhoria, por sua vez, pode proporcionar ?s organiza??es diversos benef?cios, dentre os quais, a obten??o de vantagens competitivas, pass?veis de mensura??o a partir de diferentes perspectivas. Uma dessas ? a aplica??o do modelo VRIO, fundamentado pela Resource-Based View (RBV), que considera que a heterogeneidade entre as empresas decorre de diferen?as entre os seus recursos internos e capacidades. Contudo, apesar de serem encontrados na literatura alguns estudos que avaliam o potencial competitivo de determinadas organiza??es, essas avalia??es n?o s?o realizadas em objetos espec?ficos, a exemplo dos SGA s. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os recursos e capacidades (estrat?gias ambientais) do SGA adotado pelo Verdegreen Hotel, identificando quais destes possuem potencial de gerar vantagem competitiva. Para tanto, este estudo de car?ter explorat?rio-descritivo e delineado como pesquisa de campo e estudo de caso, utilizou como ferramentas de coleta de dados: a pesquisa bibliogr?fica, a entrevista semiestruturada, a pesquisa documental e a observa??o participante. A interpreta??o dos resultados e a consolida??o das informa??es foram realizadas a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando duas t?cnicas de an?lise de dados, quais sejam: an?lise de conte?do e an?lise por meio do modelo VRIO. Os resultados encontrados mostram que o hotel est? bastante estruturado em rela??o ao seu SGA, fato este que pode ser justificado pela certifica??o ambiental obtida, assim como alcan?ou benef?cios relacionados ? melhoria da gest?o dos fatores ambientais, ao fortalecimento da imagem e ganhos em competitividade. Por outro lado, as principais dificuldades para a implanta??o do sistema est?o relacionadas aos colaboradores e fornecedores. No que se refere ?s estrat?gias ambientais adotadas, das 25 estrat?gias identificadas, 10 apresentaram potencial de gerar vantagem competitiva

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-12-16T11:16:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Allan Kardec Lopes - 2016.pdf: 3329186 bytes, checksum: 643e80a250306bf9b1899cc724206ff5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-12-16T16:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Allan Kardec Lopes - 2016.pdf: 3329186 bytes, checksum: 643e80a250306bf9b1899cc724206ff5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-16T16:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Allan Kardec Lopes - 2016.pdf: 3329186 bytes, checksum: 643e80a250306bf9b1899cc724206ff5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-23 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Urban environments, such as streets, roads and buildings, always require management and maintenance to better use. In this sense, computational tools to assist their managers are always desirable. Furthermore, these tools generally decrease spending in order to automate several tasks. This research presents an approach to recognition of pole utility in streets mapped by images from Google Street View. Features such as color, texture and shape were examined in order to find the best set of information that represents the objects of interest. The recognition was performed by a neural network type Multilayer Perceptron trained with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The results show a higher accuracy in recognition when used in combination, mode RGB and texture properties as features to represent the structures present in the images. / Ambientes urbanos, tais como ruas, estradas e construções, sempre demandam gerenciamento e manutenção para que sejam melhor utilizados. Nesse sentido, ferramentas computacionais que auxiliem seus gestores são sempre desejáveis. Por outro lado, tais ferramentas geralmente diminuem os gastos tendo em vista que automatizam várias tarefas. Esta pesquisa apresenta uma abordagem para o reconhecimento de postes da rede elétrica em imagens de ruas mapeadas pelo Google Street View. Características como cor, textura e forma foram pesquisadas com o objetivo de se encontrar o melhor conjunto de informações que represente os objetos de interesse. O reconhecimento foi realizado por uma rede neural do tipo Multilayer Perceptron treinada com o algoritmo Levenberg-Marquardt. Os resultados obtidos demonstram uma acurácia superior no reconhecimento quando se utiliza, de forma combinada, a moda RGB e propriedades de textura como características para representar as estruturas presentes nas imagens

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giancarlos Ricciardi.pdf: 995603 bytes, checksum: 7d2b63ee97db43e1a9e5d4fb76541d66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-14 / This study reviewed the existence of a sustainable competitive advantage, by the Resource-Based View (RBV) perspective, based on knowledge management, precisely knowledge conversion methods defined under Nonaka and Takeuchi s SECI model (2004). Theoretical basis points SECI model as a vector for sustainable competitive advantage by RBV perspective, once companies obtain new knowledge applied on decision making process through the use thereof (CHOO, 2003). Therefore, through field research, this paper purpose aimed to identify the convergence between theoretical statements and managers vision concerning sustainable competitive advantages arising from the SECI model knowledge conversion. Based on statistical analysis of data gathered in 200 questionnaires, it has been concluded that the manager s vision is divergent from the conceptual indicators that qualify SECI model as vector for the sustainable competitive advantage under RBV perspective. Consequently, it has been identified that SECI model can, if so, be qualified as a source of competitive advantage, although not sustainable, thus characterizing a clear contradiction regarding the theories on such matter. The study represents an important finding that must be targeted for a deeper analysis in order to clarify such contradiction, and for better understanding its origins and implications. / O presente estudo analisou a existência de vantagem competitiva sustentável na perspectiva da Resource-Based View (RBV), tomando como base a gestão do conhecimento, mais precisamente os métodos de conversão do conhecimento definidos pelo modelo SECI de Nonaka e Takeuchi (2004). O embasamento teórico apresentado aponta o modelo SECI como vetor para a obtenção de vantagem competitiva sustentável na perspectiva da RBV já que, por meio deste, as empresas obtêm novos conhecimentos que serão aplicados no processo de tomada de decisão (CHOO, 2003). Desta forma, por meio de estudo de campo, este trabalho objetivou identificar a convergência da visão de gestores sobre a vantagem competitiva sustentável originada a partir do modelo SECI e do postulado teórico sobre o tema. Pela análise estatística de dados coletados por 200 questionários, concluiu-se que a visão do gestor é divergente dos indicadores conceituais que qualificam o modelo SECI como vetor de vantagem competitiva sustentável na perspectiva da RBV. Em decorrência da análise realizada, identificou-se que o modelo SECI pode, se tanto, ser qualificado como fonte de vantagem competitiva, porém não sustentável, caracterizando clara contradição em relação às teorias sobre o tema. O estudo representa importante conclusão que deve ser alvo de análises mais aprofundadas que objetivem o esclarecimento da contradição estabelecida e para que se obtenha melhor compreensão a respeito de suas origens e implicações.

Med en ökande befolkning och viljan att bo i centrala lägen, kan en vertikal förtätning genom påbyggnationer i centrala stadsområden vara ett alternativ som möter efterfrågan. I dag placeras ofta nybyggnation i utkanter av städer vilket bidrar till en glesare stadsbild. Vertikal förtätning är en komplicerad strategi och påverkar ett antal faktorer i staden. Den största faktorn är att ingen ny mark tas i anspråk men samtidigt kan det leda till problem med skuggning och förändring av offentliga platser. Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka för- och nackdelar med en vertikal förtätning och att genomföra en sol- och skugganalys. Studien genomfördes på Drottninggatan 18 i de centrala delarna av Gävle. Analysen ämnar att undersöka hur en höjning av byggnader påverkar de omkringliggande öppna platserna genom att utgå ifrån solstudier.Resultatet visar fyra stycken exempel på hur en vertikal förtätning kan se ut vid en förhöjning av våningsplan och hur det påverkar omgivningen. Slutsatsen av examensarbetet visar att en vertikal förtätning är ett alternativ för Gävle, men att kompromisser är nödvändiga om staden ska kunna förtätas. Angående var gränsen ska dras för en vertikal förtätning är svår att sätta, men att bostäder behöver byggas i Gävle är ett faktum och då är det självfallet bättre att bygga på redan exploaterad mark om det görs på ett sådant sätt att omgivning inte påverkas. / With an increasing population and the desire to live in central locations, a vertical densification through building in central urban areas could be an option that meets demand. In today’s cities new construction is often placed in the outskirts of cities, which contributes to a less dense cityscape. Vertical densification is a complicated strategy and affects a number of factors in the city. The biggest factor is that no new land is required but at the same time it can lead to problems with shading and changes in public places. The purpose of the study is to examine the advantages and disadvantages of vertical densification and implementing a sun- and shadow analysis. The study was conducted on Drottninggatan 18 in the central parts of Gävle. The analysis aims to examine how an increase in buildings affects the surrounding open spaces by using sun studies.The results show four examples of how a vertical densification can look at an elevation of floor and how it affects the environment. The conclusion of the thesis shows that a vertical densification is an option for Gävle, but that compromises are necessary for the city to be able to densify. Regarding where to draw the lines for a vertical densification is difficult to do, but that homes need to be built in Gävle is a fact, and then it is obviously better to build on already developed land if it is done in such a way that the environment is not affected greatly.

The present work deals with the development of a computational geometric framework for vision modeling for performing visibility and legibility analyses in Digital Human Modeling (DHM) using the field-of-view (FoV), estimated geometrically from 3D tessellated head scans. DHM is an inter-disciplinary area of research with the prime objective of evaluating a product, job or environment for intended users through computer-based simulations. Vision modeling in the existing DHM’s has been primarily addressed through FoV modeling using right circular cones (RCC). Perimetry literature establishes that the human FoV is asymmetric due to unrestricted zygomatic vision and restrictions on the nasal side of the face. This observation is neither captured by the simplistic RCC models in DHM, nor rigorously studied in vision literature. Thus, the RCC models for FoV are inadequate for rigorous simulations and the accurate modeling of FoV is required in DHM. The computational framework developed in this work considers three broad components namely, the geometric estimation and representation of FoV, visibility and statistical visibility, and legibility of objects in a given environment. A computational geometric method for estimating FoV from 3D laser-scanned models of the human head is presented in this work. The strong one-to-one similarity between computed and clinically perimetry maps establishes that the FoV can be geometrically computed using tessellated head models, without necessarily going through the conventional interaction based clinical procedures. The algorithm for FoV computation is extended to model the effect of gaze-direction on the FoV resulting in binocular FoV. A novel unit-cube scheme is presented for robust, efficient and accurate modeling of FoV. This scheme is subsequently used to determine the visibility of 3D tessellated objects for a given FoV. In order to carry out population based visibility studies, the statistical modeling FoV and generation of percentile-based FoV curves are introduced for a given population of FoV curves. The percentile data thus generated was not available in the current ergonomics or perimetry literature. Advanced vision analysis involving character-legibility is demonstrated using the unit-cube with an improved measure to incorporate the effect of character-thickness on its legibility.

Dans cette thèse nous avons tenté d’expliquer la performance des entreprises en se basant sur l’approche basée sur les ressources (RBV) et l’approche basée sur les capacités dynamiques (DCV),deux approches relevant de la théorie des ressources qui gagneraient à être intégrées. Pour aborder la problématique, nous avons développé deux axes de recherche : « La détention des ressources/capacités et la Performance » et « La gestion des ressources/capacités et la Performance ». Le premier modèle conceptuel a présenté les relations liant les différentes capacités opérationnelles à la performance. Le modèle conceptuel global a traité de la relation « Capacités opérationnelles – Environnement -Stratégie de diversification - Capacités dynamiques- Performance ». Notre posture épistémologique dans cette recherche se voulait positiviste. Au niveau des choix méthodologiques nous avons opté pour une démarche hypothético-déductive avec une approche quantitative basée sur des données secondaires collectées de la base de données française DIANE et des statistiques de l’INSEE, et pour évaluer les capacités nous avons eu recours à la méthode DEA. La première étude empirique a testé la relation capacités opérationnelles-performance sur quatre échantillons mono-sectoriels représentatifs de l’industrie manufacturière française : le secteur pharmaceutique, le secteur automobile, le secteur de la chimie et le secteur de l’habillement. La seconde étude empirique a testé le modèle mettant en relation les capacités opérationnelles, les capacités dynamiques, l’environnement et la diversification,sur la base d’un échantillon plurisectoriel regroupant les quatre secteurs. Les résultats ont permis de découvrir en premier lieu, l’importance de la capacité financière pour tous les secteurs, en deuxième lieu, le rôle modérateur de l’environnement et de la diversification et en troisième lieu l‘importance des capacités dynamiques d’apprentissage (d’absorption) et adaptative dans l’explication de la performance. Ces résultats peuvent servir les décisions managériales et l'action publique. / In this thesis we have tried to explain business performance based on the resource-based View (RBV) and the Dynamic capabilities View (DCV), two approaches within the resource-based theory (RBT)that benefits from being integrated. To address the problem, we have developed two main stream of research: "The detention of resources / capabilities and performance" and "The management of resources / capabilities and performance." The first conceptual model presented the relations linking the various operational capabilities to performance. The global conceptual model has focused the relation “Ordinary capabilities – Environment – Diversification strategy- Dynamic capabilities –Performance”. Our epistemological position in this research wished to be positivist. At the methodological level we opted for a hypothetical-deductive approach with a quantitative approach based on secondary data collected from the French database DIANE and INSEE statistics, and to evaluate capabilities we used the DEA method. The first empirical study that aims on “ordinary capabilities – performance” link, is based on four industries samples representing the French manufacturing industry: the pharmaceutical industry, the automotive industry, the chemical industry and the clothing industry. The second study tested the empirical model linking ordinary capabilities,dynamic capabilities, environment and diversification, based on a multisectorial sample comprising the four sectors. The results revealed first the importance of financial capability for all sectors, second the moderating role of the environment and the diversification and thirdly the magnitudes of dynamic learning (absorption) and adaptive capabilities in explaining performance. These results could serve managerial decisions and public policy.

Genom tidigare studier kan det konstateras att det råder problematik kring entreprenörskap i modebranschen vilket avsaknaden av rätt resurser, främst brist på affärskunskap, ligger tillgrund för. För att få hjälp med detta söker sig många startup-bolag till inkubatorer vars uppgift är att ge stöd i grundandet och utvecklandet av ett företag genom att bidra med just resurser. Grundat i detta syftar denna studie till att undersöka inkubatorsprocessen från företagens perspektiv, med fokus på vilka resurser företagen upplever saknas hos inkubatorn. Fortsättningsvis undersöks även vad avsaknaden av resurser beror på, samt hur denna avsaknad påverkar företagens konkurrenskraftighet. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgörs av Barneys (1991) teoretiska modell the Resource BasedView, RBV, och senare forskning som är grundat utifrån modellen. RBV används i studien för att kategorisera de resurser som nämns i empirin, samt för att kunna analysera och förstå hur de avsaknande resurserna påverkar företagen ur ett konkurrenskraftigt perspektiv. Genom ett kvalitativt förhållningssätt genomfördes studien som en fallstudie på Borås INK, Sveriges främsta inkubator för textil- och modeföretag. Empiri samlades in genomsemistrukturerade intervjuer i kombination med dokumentstudier, där dokument relaterade tillinkubatorverksamheten studerats, för att få en bild av den process Borås INK använder sig av. Intervjuerna har genomförts dels med en informant från Borås INK, dels med informanter frånföretag som genomfört inkubatorsprocessen. Resultatet från empirin påvisar att företagen saknar flera resurser hos inkubatorn. Närmare bestämt identifieras elva avsaknader av resurser, där de främsta avsaknaderna är relaterade tillhumana och organisationella resurser. Vidare identifieras en upplevd variation blandinformanterna som förklaras av en variation av handledare. Det argumenteras därför för att det kan finnas ett samband mellan de olika resursavsaknaderna, då en del av de avsaknade humanaresurserna eventuellt faktiskt finns i inkubatorns organisation, men den organisationellaf örmågan att hantera resurser saknas. Vad som avslutningsvis konstateras i denna studie är att en avsaknad av humana och organisationella resurser hos inkubatorer kan resultera i att företagspotentiella konkurrenskraftighet inte blir fullt nyttjad. Således lämnar studien ett teoretiskt bidrag genom ökad förståelse om inkubatorer samt hur avsaknader av resurser hos inkubatorer skulle kunna påverka inkuberade företagskonkurrenskraftighet. Dessutom ger studien ett praktiskt bidrag till inkubatorsverksamheter genom att identifiera förbättringsmöjligheter. Denna uppsats är skriven på svenska. / Through previous studies, it can be stated that there are problems regarding entrepreneurship in the fashion industry which the lack of the right resources, mainly the lack of business knowledge, is the basis for. To get help with this, many start-ups seek out incubators whose task is to provide support in founding and developing a company by contributing resources. Based on this, this study aims to examine the incubator process from the companies perspective, with a focus on what resources the companies think are lacking within the incubator. Furthermore, it is investigated what the lack of resources is due to, and how the lack of resources affects companies' competitiveness. The study's theoretical framework consists of Barney's (1991) theoretical model Resource-Based View, RBV, and more recent research that is based on this model. RBV is in the study used to categorize the resources mentioned in the empirical data, and to be able to analyze and understand how the lack of resources affects companies from a competitive perspective. Through a qualitative approach, the study was conducted as a single case study at Borås INK, Sweden’s leading incubator for textile and fashion companies. Empirical data were collected through semi-structured interviews in combination with document studies, where documents related to the incubator were studied, in order to get an idea of the process Borås INK uses. The interviews were conducted partly with an informant from Borås INK but also with informants from companies that carried out the incubator process. The results from the empirical data show that companies lack several resources within the incubator. More specifically, could 11 themes be identified, the main shortcomings of which are related to human and organizational resources. Furthermore, a perceived variation among the informants is identified, which is explained by a variation of supervisors. For that reason, various resource shortages may be explained by the incubator’s organizational deficiency in managing these resources, despite the fact that they potentially exist within its organization. What is concluded in this study is that a lack of human and organizational resources within incubators may result in companies' potential competitiveness through other resources not beingfully utilized. Thus, the study makes a theoretical contribution through an increased understanding of incubators and how lack of resources within incubators could affect the competitiveness of incubated companies. In addition, the study makes a practical contribution to incubators byidentifying opportunities for improvement. This paper is written in Swedish.

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Analysis of the field of view from commercial vehicles is very important issue. Because driver’s field of view is main part of active safety. When some traffic accident happens, it must be investigated. The question is, was the driver able to see that object? It’s very different and important if driver didn’t see that object or couldn’t see it. In the thesis are described norms which contains information about driver’s position on driving seat and position his eyes, information about differences between binocular and ambinocular field of view. In the thesis are regulations about rearview and rearview mirrors. The thesis contains elements of vehicle equipment for improvement field of view. The thesis is about possibilities, how measure the field of view from commercial vehicles. The thesis contains few methods for measurements driver’s field of view and theirs results. Objective of the thesis is to take experiences from measured tests and use them for invention and description own method of measuring driver’s field of view from commercial vehicles, which leads to improvement. Then use the method for measurements and comparations few commercial vehicles. Which are dimensionally more bigger and have bigger blind spots than personal vehicles.