Résumé Les entéropneustes, avec les Pterobranchia et les Planktospaeroidea, constituent le petit phylum deutérostomien d’Hemichordata, qui est généralement considéré comme une première ramification de la lignée en direction des Chordata. On s’attend à ce que le groupe détienne des indices sur l'évolution de la notocorde des chordés, du tube neural, des arcs branchiaux et de la glande thyroïde (Sato et al., 2008 ; Cameron et al., 2000). Je présente ici une étude taxonomique détaillée de nouvelles espèces de certaines familles et des études détaillées de leurs embryons et de leur structure musculaire. Dans le premier chapitre, j'ai fourni un contexte général sur les Enteropneusta (habitudes de vie, évolution, biogéographie et fossiles) et un diagnostic des familles d'Enteropneusta. Dans le chapitre deux, j'ai décrit une nouvelle espèce de la famille des entéropneustes Ptychoderidae d'Amérique du Nord en utilisant des méthodes histologiques traditionnelles, Balanoglossus sonorensis nov. sp., originaire du golfe de Californie, cette espèce se distingue de toutes les autres espèces du genre par la présence d'un long sillon médidorsal très profond sur la proboscis, du tissu conjonctif massif au centre du coelome et de la formation rapide et complète de les plaques radiales de la trompe. Le mésentère ventral du collier et l'emplacement des pores gonadiques du tronc sont uniques à cette espèce. Le chapitre trois a fourni une description formelle de Balanoglossus occidentalis, de Puget Sound, Washington, basée sur un manuscrit de W. E. Ritter. Les caractéristiques uniques de cette espèce comprennent. Le péricarde ne s'est pas formé en deux cornes et un glomérule qui s'étendaient largement sur la surface du péricarde et s'étendaient largement sur les parties latérales et ventrales de la stomocordé. Le cordon nerveux du collier a une seule cavité et la partie digestive du tronc était plus petite que la partie branchiale. Dans le chapitre quatre, j’ai quantifié l'efficacité de la micro-tomodensitométrie (CT-scan) dans 4 la taxonomie des entéropneustes. J’ai trouvé que le CT-scan est une alternative potentielle à l'histologie pour des spécimens uniques ou rares, mais il constitue plutôt un complément à l'histologie qui rend la taxonomie plus accessible et compréhensible pour les non-spécialistes. Au chapitre cinq, j'ai décrit l'espèce Schizocardium karankawa sp. nov (famille des Spengelidae) de la Laguna Madre, Texas, comprenant une phylogénie moléculaire, des détails sur sa fécondation et son développement avec un accent particulier sur son développement musculaire à travers la larve de tornaria et jusqu'au stade juvénile du ver. Au chapitre six, j'ai créé une collection virtuelle des entéropneustes d'Amérique du Nord basée sur des spécimens holotypes collectés par Cameron et empruntés au Musée national d'histoire naturelle (Smithsonian). Ces données comprennent des numérisations numériques haute résolution de chaque lame histologique comprenant les holotypes, les détails de la collection, notamment le nom du collectionneur, l'emplacement, les dates et la coloration fixatrice et histologique. La collection virtuelle est disponible sur Canadensys https://www.canadensys.net/, un membre actif du Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Ce chapitre est important, car la numérisation de la collection d’entéropneustes apportera de nombreux avantages, notamment la création d'une documentation constante des collections, le suivi des changements dans la répartition des espèces au fil du temps et l’accès à une grande diversité de morphologies pour comprendre les variations intraspécifiques et interspécifiques. Dans le chapitre sept, j'ai fourni une conclusion générale, la motivation de mon travail, un résumé du travail de taxonomie effectué dans le laboratoire Cameron et la stratégie de tomodensitométrie. Enfin, j'ai fourni un bref aperçu de mes perspectives d'avenir concernant mon désir d’étendre ce travail par l'étude de la taxonomie des entéropneustes nord-africains. / Abstract The Enteropneusta (acorn worms), with the Pterobranchia, and the Planktospaeroidea constitute the small deuterostome phyla Hemichordata, which is generally regarded as an early offshoot of the line to the Chordata. The group is expected to hold clues about the evolution of the chordate notochord, neural tube, gill bars, and thyroid gland (Sato et al., 2008; Cameron et al., 2000). Here, I present a detailed taxonomic study of new species of some families and some detailed studies of their embryos and muscular structure. In the first chapter, I provided a general background of Enteropneusta (life habits, evolution, biogeography, and fossils) and a diagnosis of Enteropneusta families. In chapter two, I described one new species of the family Ptychoderidae acorn worm from North America using traditional histological methods, Balanoglossus sonorensis nov. sp., from the Gulf of California. This species is different from all the other Balanoglossus species by the presence of a deep, long middorsal groove on the proboscis, the massive connective tissue in the center of the coelom in conjunction with the formation of the proboscis radial muscle plates. The collar ventral mesentery and the location of the trunk gonadal pores are unique to this species. Chapter three provided a formal description of Balanoglossus occidentalis from Puget Sound, Washington, based on a manuscript by W.E. Ritter. Unique characteristics of this species include the following: The glomerulus spreads widely across the pericardium's surface and extends down over the stomochord's lateral and ventral portions. The collar nerve cord has a single cavity, and the digestive portion of the trunk is smaller than the branchial portion. In chapter four, we quantified the efficacy of micro-computed tomography (CT scans) in acorn worm taxonomy. We found that CT scans are a potential alternative to histology for 7 unique or rare specimens, but they are more of a complement to histology that makes taxonomy more accessible and understandable for non-specialists. In chapter five, I described the species Schizocardium karankawa sp. nov (family Spengelidae) from Laguna Madre, Texas, including a molecular phylogeny, details of its fertilization and development with particular emphasis on its muscle development through the tornaria larva and into juvenile worm stage. In chapter six, I created a virtual collection of acorn worms from North America based on holotype specimens collected by Cameron and borrowed from the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian). These data include high-resolution digital scans of every histological slide that comprises the holotypes and the collection details, including the collector’s name, location, dates, and fixative and histological stain. The virtual collection is available on Canadensys https://www.canadensys.net/ an active member of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). This chapter is significant because digitizing the acorn worm collection will bring many benefits, including the creation of a constant document of collections, tracking changes in species distributions over time, and providing a wide diversity of morphologies to understand intraspecific and interspecific variation. In chapter seven, I provided a general conclusion, the motivation of this thesis research, a summary of the taxonomic work from the Cameron lab, and the CT scan strategy. Finally, I provided a brief overview of my desire to continue this work by expanding on the knowledge of North African acorn worms.

Η μεταπτυχιακή εργασία αναφέρεται στην ηλεκτρονική διαχείριση εκθεμάτων στα ελληνικά μουσεία μέσω της μελέτης των μουσειακών οργανισμών του νομού Αχαΐας. Η καινοτομία της μελέτης αυτής είναι ότι προσεγγίζει τη λειτουργία του σύγχρονου μουσείου παρουσιάζοντας ένα ολοκληρωμένο πλαίσιο διαχείρισης. Η έννοια της μουσειακής διαχείρισης αναλύεται όχι μόνο ως προς τη διοικητική, αλλά και ως προς την τεχνολογική, οικονομική και νομική της διάσταση, υπό το πρίσμα της νέας πραγματικότητας που η ψηφιακή εποχή επιβάλει. Παρουσιάζονται οι λειτουργίες του μουσείου (συλλογή, συντήρηση, έρευνα, πληροφόρηση, εκπαίδευση, έκθεση, επικοινωνία-μάρκετινγκ) και τα σύγχρονα εργαλεία που η μουσειακή διοίκηση έχει στη διάθεσή της για να μετατρέψει το μουσείο σε έναν δυναμικό ανταγωνιστικό οργανισμό παγκόσμιας εμβέλειας. Αναλύεται τέλος η έννοια του εικονικού μουσείου, ως κατεξοχήν φορέας ηλεκτρονικής διαχείρισης εκθεμάτων. Στηριζόμενη στην παραπάνω εκτενή βιβλιογραφική ανάλυση η παρούσα μελέτη προσπαθεί να ερευνήσει το πλαίσιο εφαρμογής της ηλεκτρονικής διαχείρισης εκθεμάτων στα μουσεία μέσω της διεξαγωγής έρευνας με ερωτηματολόγιο στους μουσειακούς οργανισμούς της περιοχής. Η έρευνα αυτή πραγματοποιεί συγκριτική αξιολόγηση των μουσείων της περιοχής με βάση συγκεκριμένα κριτήρια και εξάγει πολύτιμα συμπεράσματα σχετικά με τη στάση και τις ικανότητες των μουσείων απέναντι στις δυνατότητες που προσφέρει η ψηφιακή πολιτισμική τεχνολογία και φανερώνει τις τάσεις και τις προοπτικές της μουσειακής διαχείρισης. / The present study refers to the electronic management of exhibits in greek museums focusing on the research of museums of the prefecture of Achaia. The innovation of this study is that it approaches the administration of modern museum presenting a complete frame of management. The significance of museum management is analyzed not only from its administrative aspect, but also from its technological, economic and legal dimension, in the context of new reality that the digital era imposes. The functions of museum (collection, maintainance, research, information, education, exhibition, communication-marketing) are presented such as the modern tools that museum management has in its disposal in order to transform the museum in a dynamic, competitive organisation of world impact. Finally, is analyzed the significance of virtual museum, as the eminent institution of electronic management of exhibits. Supported in the precede extensive bibliographic analysis, the present study tries to explore the context of application of electronic management of exhibits in the museums via the conduct of research with questionnaire to the museums of the region. This research carries out a comparative evaluation of the examined museums using specific criteria and it exports useful conclusions with regard to the attitude and the ability of museums toward the possibilities that the digital cultural technology offers and reveals tendencies and prospects of museum management.

Submitted by Anderson Silva (avargas@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2013-11-25T16:24:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ana_m_m_palma__ioc_ebs_mest_2009.pdf: 1385760 bytes, checksum: 8b2db5fa7eb12a68fee34d621db286b0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gentil Jeorgina(jeorgina@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2013-11-26T11:00:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ana_m_m_palma__ioc_ebs_mest_2009.pdf: 1385760 bytes, checksum: 8b2db5fa7eb12a68fee34d621db286b0 (MD5) / Submitted by Anderson Silva (avargas@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2014-10-01T16:26:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ana_m_m_palma__ioc_ebs_mest_2009.pdf: 1385760 bytes, checksum: 8b2db5fa7eb12a68fee34d621db286b0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gentil Jeorgina (jeorgina@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2014-10-01T16:28:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ana_m_m_palma__ioc_ebs_mest_2009.pdf: 1385760 bytes, checksum: 8b2db5fa7eb12a68fee34d621db286b0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-01T19:05:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ana_m_m_palma__ioc_ebs_mest_2009.pdf: 1385760 bytes, checksum: 8b2db5fa7eb12a68fee34d621db286b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Face à participação da ciência em nosso cotidiano, a divulgação científica desempenha um papel crucial na conquist a da cidadania e constitui-se em um importante instrumento no processo de ap rendizagem por livre escolha. Com o intuito de reforçar sua atuação nesse cam po, museus e centros de ciência, meios tradicionais de divulgação da ciência, voltam-se cada vez mais para as novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação e preocupam-se em avaliar o impacto de sua presença virtual. Com o objetivo de traçar um perfil preliminar do público do museu virtual Invivo, do Museu da Vida, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa exploratória, utilizando três métodos de investigação: análise de log do servidor , page-tagging e um ques tionário on-line. Um levantamento histórico da visitação registrou que, entre 2005 e 2008, houve um aumento de 340% no número de visitas ún icas e de 295% no número de páginas acessadas. Estes dados demonstram o cre scimento expressivo do site, quando comparados com as estatísticas oficiais que mostram, entre 2005 e 2007, aumento de 28% de brasileiros que já tinha aces sado a Internet pelo menos uma vez e de 41% daqueles quem utilizavam esse meio habitualmente. A análise indicou também um crescimento expressivo da visitação no início do período escolar e queda durante as férias, be m como dias úteis movimentados e fins de semana mais calmos. Curvas semelhantes foram detectadas em outros estudos sobre museus. O pico da visitação se dá no horário da tarde, o que sugere uma concentração de estudantes do segundo segmento do ensino fundamental e do ensino médio (a partir de 11/12 anos). A importância do público escolar na visitação ao Invivo é comprovada ainda pelo alto í ndice de acesso às matérias mais vinculadas ao currículo. Respondido espontaneamente por 209 visitantes, o questionário online permitiu obter dados demográficos, sobre motivações e uma avaliação do site. O visitante virtual é principalmente do sexo feminino (77.9%), majoritariamente adulto e com formação universitária. A preferência como atividade cultural pela leitura de livros (79.90%), seguida pela In ternet (77.03%), são dados que apontam para um grupo culturalmente privilegiado e com hábitos diferentes do perfil brasileiro. O site foi aprovado por 91% dos usuários. A linguagem e o co nteúdo educacional foram pontos que receberam avaliação positi va. Os participantes solicitaram mais material de apoio ao professor, experiênc ias, jogos e artigos sobre prevenção à saúde, ciência e tecnologia de ponta, meio ambiente, fenômenos da natureza e controvérsias e riscos da ciência. Os usuários sugeriram, também, maior interatividade, com o incentivo ao diálogo e à promoção de debates, e mais recursos, como imagens e fotos exu berantes, infográficos e vídeos. / Given the involvement of science in our daily life, science communication plays a crucial role in the conquest of citizenship, being also an important tool in the process of free-choice learning. Museums and scien ce centers have been a traditional media for public understanding of science. In order to strengthen its activities in this area, these institutions are increasingly turni ng to the new Information and Communication Technologies. They have been also evaluati ng the impact of thei r virtual presence To draw a profile of the public of the Invivo - Museum of the Life’s virtual museum - an exploratory research was developed, using three met hods of investigation: log analysis, page-tagging and on-line survey. A historical survey of the visitation recorded an increase of 340% in the number of unique visitors and 295% in the number of page views, bet ween 2005 and 2008. These data demonstrate the expressive growth of the site, when compared with the official statistics, which shows that, between 2005 and 2007, ther e were an increase of 28% of Brazilians who had accessed the Internet at least once and 41% of those who were frequent Internet users. The analysis demonstrates that visitation gr ows at the beginning of classes and falls during the school holidays. It also show s busy working days and quiet weekends. Both patterns were found in other studies on museums. Peak visitation occurs in the afternoon hours, which suggests a concentrat ion of students from junior high (from 11/12 years)and high schools. The importance of students and people involved in educational process in the visitation of Invivo is also proven by the high rate of page views of content more related to national curriculum standards. Answered spontaneously by 209 visitors, the online survey collected data on demographics, motivations. It also provided an evaluation of the site. The virtual visitors are mainly women (77.9%), most ly adult and college educat ed. Their favorite cultural activities were reading (79,9%) and Internet navigation (7 7%). This points to a culturally privileged group with different habits and profile of the Brazilian population. The site was approved by 91% of the respondents. The language and educational content were items that rece ived positive evaluation. Pa rticipants are interested in more educational material, experiences , games, health prevention, cutting-edge S&T, environment, natural phenomena and contro versies and risks of science. Users suggested, also, greater interactivity, with the encouragement of dialogue and the promotion of debate, and more resources, such as bigger images, graphics and video

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T16:16:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WELTER_Eline_2016.pdf: 27782397 bytes, checksum: f2050143ad69181311811e982813ec1c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T16:17:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 WELTER_Eline_2016.pdf: 27782397 bytes, checksum: f2050143ad69181311811e982813ec1c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T16:17:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 WELTER_Eline_2016.pdf: 27782397 bytes, checksum: f2050143ad69181311811e982813ec1c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-20T16:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WELTER_Eline_2016.pdf: 27782397 bytes, checksum: f2050143ad69181311811e982813ec1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-30 / Não recebi financiamento / The use of technology to improve the process of teaching and learning is a well-known practice, young people have shown increasing interest in the use of computers and mobile devices as support classes. To encourage this practice, several pedagogical activities can be performed via Internet. However, to contribute to the teaching of History and spread of Culture and Art, museums have sought space in virtual environments. From this premise, it was observed that virtual museums can be seen as an important tool in the teaching and learning process. The aim of this work is to propose a cycle to help create learning scenarios from elements of a museum, based on personas technique to support the teaching of History or a related field. In the first part of the study, Action Research methodology was adopted to carry out the investigation process by the teachers, museums expert and students; to verify the viability of the use of learning scenarios. The AR1 was conducted with 14 teachers and 1 museum expert to verify the feasibility of creating a learning scenario from museum elements. Already AR2 was conducted with 174 elementary school students, to verify the acceptance of learning scenarios. One of the results identified by the AR1 were the artifacts required to compose learning scenarios. However, there was a need for a device to aid in building the persona. For this, there was an adjustment in the empathy map technique called MapLearn as teacher support during the persona construction process. It has also been identified the need to create a cycle to support teachers and museum experts for the creation of learning scenarios. The validation of the proposal included the evaluation of MapLearn; cycle e-MuLearn; and learning scenarios, through 2 case studies and a controlled experiment. The analyses showed that the cycle e-MuLearn and their artifacts can contribute to creation of learning scenarios to support teaching of History. / O uso de tecnologias para melhorar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem é uma prática bastante conhecida, os jovens têm apresentado cada vez mais interesses no uso do computador e dispositivos móveis como apoio `as aulas. Para incentivar esta prática, diversas atividades pedagógicas podem ser realizadas através da Internet. Para contribuir com o ensino de História e disseminação da Cultura e Arte, os museus têm buscado espaço nos meios virtuais. Partindo dessa premissa, observou-se que os museus virtuais podem ser vistos como uma importante ferramenta no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O objetivo desta dissertação é propor um ciclo para auxiliar a criação de cenários de aprendizagem a partir de elementos de um museu, baseado na ttécnica de personas, como apoio ao ensino de História ou áreas correlatas. Na primeira parte do estudo, a metodologia de pesquisa-ação foi adotada para realizar o processo de investigação junto a professores, museólogos e alunos; para verificar a viabilidade da utilização dos cenários de aprendizagem, foram realizados dois ciclos de pesquisa-ação chamados de AR1 e AR2. O AR1 foi realizado com 14 professores e 1 museólogo, para verificar a viabilidade de criação do cenário de aprendizagem a partir de elementos de um museu. Já o AR2 foi realizado com 174 alunos do ensino fundamental, para verificar a aceitação dos cenários de aprendizagem. Um dos resultados identificado através do AR1, foram os artefatos necessários para compor os cenários de aprendizagem. No entanto, observou-se a necessidade de um artefato para auxiliar na construção da persona. Para isso, realizou-se uma adaptação na técnica de mapa de empatia, denominada MapLearn, como apoio ao professor durante o processo de construção da persona. Também se identificou a necessidade da criação de um ciclo para apoiar professores e museólogos durante a criação dos cenários de aprendizagem. A validação da proposta incluiu a avaliação do MapLearn; o ciclo e-MuLearn; e os cenários de aprendizagem, através de 2 estudos de caso e um experimento controlado. As análises apontaram que o ciclo e-MuLearn e seus artefatos podem contribuir com a criação de cenários de aprendizagem, como apoio ao ensino de História.

Most contemporary artists work digitally in one way or another, despite the fact that established art museums do not offer a platform to display digital art, which means that it is difficult for visitors to find it and that media art will have a lower status compared to physical art. For a long time the art museum business has had a complex relationship with the digitization of physical works, virtual museums and intangible art works. These are discussions that had to be ignored when the pandemic started and the art museums were forced to digitize activities that had previously been completely analogous. This report with associated artifacts strives to map digital exhibition trends and create a digital exhibition format that takes into account artistic intention and the art museum's activities, and puts the user experience in focus. The report concludes that it is difficult to generalize when it comes to art, but that digital exhibitions have great potential because you do not have to deal with gravity, wires and other physical aspects when installing digital works in a physical space. Another conclusion is that art museums must begin to look at the developer as part of the core business for the digitization initiatives to work in the long term. Perhaps the pandemic will ultimately mean that art museums to a greater extent dare to break new ground, test new exhibition formats and become more positive about the possibilities of digital exhibition formats.