Was haben „Fridays for future“ und Corona gemeinsam? Die Jugend fordert und die Pandemie erfordert einen nachhaltigen Umgang mit unseren Ressourcen, letztendlich zur Sicherung unseres Überlebens. Klimawandel, Verschmutzung, Reduzierung der Biodiversität, Ressourcenknappheit, Bevölkerungswachstum, Armut, Hunger, soziale Ungleichheiten, ungerechte Bildungschancen und Migration sind gewichtige Herausforderungen. Und es zeigt sich weltweit ein neues „globales“ Bewusstsein für Nachhaltigkeit. Fridays for Future Protestbewegungen sind ein deutlich sichtbares Zeichen dafür. Und internationale Vereinbarung wie die UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) oder das Pariser Klimaschutzabkommen sind ebenso ermutigende Zeichen für ein neues (kollektives) Bewusstsein. Mit diesem kollektiven Bewusstsein verändern sich die Anforderungen an Unternehmen und deren Produckte und Services. Für Unternehmen wird Nachhaltigkeit zu einem strategischen Imperativ, der auf allen Ebenen des Geschäftsmodells verankert werden muss. Ein wichtiges Kennzeichen ist dabei die Zusammenarbeit der verschiedenen Stakeholder entlang der gesamten Wertschöpfungskette. Denn Nachhaltigkeit kann keine Gesellschaft und kein Unternehmen für sich allein lösen.

Este trabajo de investigación está enfocado en la cadena de valor de la venta internacional de palta Hass de la producción obtenida de la ciudad de Carac, Huaral con la finalidad que los agricultores de esta zona pueden obtener mayores ingresos económicos. Dentro de la zona se realizó un censo y se obtuvo como resultado que 12 de los 13 agricultores realizan venta de su producto directamente a un bróker. Además, se tuvo como resultado todo el flujo de la venta, desde la compra de materias primas hasta el envío de la palta de forma internacional. Debido al resultado, se pudo identificar los procesos que realizan los agricultores y cuáles son los que realiza el bróker. Con el fin de que el bróker no realice todas las funciones del flujo, se planteó que los agricultores tengan mayores procesos a su cargo, como son el de transporte y de la exportación, de esta manera el bróker se convertiría en un “agente de ventas”. Se realizó una prueba piloto en un contenedor LCL y su rentabilidad fue de 100 dólares En conclusión, los procesos se dividirán en 3 etapas: Compras, Transporte y Exportación. El bróker se encargará de conseguir las ventas internacionales y el ahora comprará las paltas a los agricultores a un costo mayor, teniendo como resultado un incremento de S/1.05 por Kg por parte de los agricultores. / This research work is focused on the value chain of the international sale of Hass avocado from the production obtained from the city of Carac, Huaral with the purpose that the farmers of this area can obtain greater economic income. Within the area, a census was carried out and it was obtained as a result that 12 of the 13 farmers sell their product directly to a broker. In addition, the entire flow of the sale was obtained, from the purchase of raw materials to the shipment of the avocado internationally. Due to the result, it was possible to identify the processes that farmers carry out and which ones are carried out by the broker. In order for the broker not to perform all the functions of the flow, it was proposed that farmers have greater processes in charge, such as transport and export, in this way the broker would become a "sales agent”. A pilot test was carried out in an LCL container, and its profitability was 100 dollars In conclusion, the processes will be divided into 3 stages: Purchasing, Transportation and Export. The broker will be in charge of achieving international sales and he will now buy the avocados from the farmers at a higher cost, resulting in an increase of S / 1.05 per Kg by the farmers. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Thesis (M.A. Agricultural Management (Agricultural Economics)) -- University of Limpopo -- 2020 / Potato is the most important vegetable crop in South Africa in terms of contribution to the gross value of agricultural production, export earnings and contribution to food supply base and food security in the SACU region. Despite the importance of this commodity, very little is known about the nature of price transmission between different levels of potato value chain in South Africa. The study aims to determine the nature of price transmission in the South African potato market. The objectives of the study are to investigate the existence of long-run equilibrium relationship between producer, wholesale and retail prices; to determine characteristics of the relationship; and to determine the direction of price causality. The study made use of Error Correction Model and Granger Causality test. The Empirical results reveal the existence of price asymmetry in the South African potato value chain. Furthermore, the results show that retail prices are more responsive producer price increases than they are to producer price declines. The Granger causality test shows that prices in potato value chain are determined mainly at the wholesale level (i.e. at the National Fresh Produce Markets). The study recommends further research focusing on price transmission for other basic food commodities and that the government retains and strengthens the existing food price monitoring system. / Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

The textile industry is currently operating in an unsustainable manner that is based on overproduction and wasteful, resource-draining practices. Therefore, recently, the concept of circular economy has been presented as a possible solution and a way forward. Changing linear economy business practices and basing them on the circular economy concept is anticipated to solve social and environmental problems while maintaining economic growth. However, fashion retail value chains essentially depend on the logic of mass production, fast fashion, and linear take-make-dispose models. Presently, circular initiatives in this context are rather limited. This thesis posits that circular business model (CBM) scalability is an important factor in the transition to a circular economy in the fashion retail value chain, and thus, a more sustainable fashion industry. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to further the understanding of CBM scalability in the context of fashion retail value chains. This includes expanding the notion of scalability to cover a more holistic perspective that goes beyond increasing production output solely for economic gains. Additionally, this involves enhancing the understanding of the required specific resources and capabilities that CBMs must have or develop to overcome challenges and increase their potential for scalability. Accordingly, this thesis covers three papers that utilise qualitative methods wherein archival material, such as peer reviewed journal articles and industry reports, as well as interviews with practitioners are used. Moreover, the extension of the notion of business model scalability goes beyond the boundary of the organisation and encompasses three different perspectives, namely, efficiency, adaptability, and altruism. In addition to this, three areas that challenge CBM scalability are identified. These challenges stem from different business model design themes and can be described as (i) inefficiency, (ii) lack of know-how and out-of-the-box solutions, and (iii) unfamiliarity resulting in scepticism and dissonance with current practices and policy. Finally, the thesis contributes to the CBM literature by utilising the theoretical lenses of resource-based theory and dynamic capabilities theory to identify resources and dynamic capabilities that are strategically important for scaling CBMs. This thesis expands the notion of scalability by going beyond the boundary of the single organisation as well as including a triple bottom line perspective, thus providing an important addition to the understanding of the scalability of CBMs. / Textilindustrin verkar för närvarande på ett ohållbart sätt som bygger på överproduktion och resurskrävande metoder. Cirkulär ekonomi som koncept, har därför nyligen presenterats som en möjlig lösning på de problem som industrin står inför. Genom att frångå linjära praxis och istället bygga affärsmetoder på cirkulär ekonomi förväntas sociala och miljömässiga problem kunna lösas samtidigt som den ekonomiska tillväxten bibehålls. Modeindustrins värdekedjor bygger dock fortfarande huvudsakligen på massproduktion, fast fashion och linjära take-make-dispose-modeller. Cirkulära initiativ är i detta sammanhang ganska begränsade. Denna avhandling framhäver därför, att skalbarhet av cirkulära affärsmodeller är en viktig faktor i övergången till en cirkulär ekonomi, och därmed en mer hållbar modeindustri. Syftet med denna avhandling är följaktligen att öka förståelsen för skalbarhet av cirkulära affärsmodeller inom modebranschens värdekedjor, med fokus på detaljhandeln. Innefattat i detta är ett utvidgat begrepp av skalbarhet, som inkluderar mer än enbart ökad produktion för ekonomisk vinst. Till detta hör även en ökad förståelse av de specifika resurser och förmågor som cirkulära affärsmodeller måste ha eller utveckla för att övervinna utmaningar och bli mer skalbara. Avhandlingen omfattar tre artiklar som använder kvalitativa metoder där arkivmaterial, såsom refereegranskade journalartiklar och branschrapporter, samt intervjuer med personer verksamma i branschen, används. Resultatet påvisar att cirkulära affärsmodellers skalbarhet går bortom organisationens gränser och omfattar tre olika perspektiv: effektivitet, anpassningsförmåga och altruism. Utöver detta identifieras tre områden som speciellt utmanande för skalbarheten. Dessa utmaningar härrör från två olika designteman av affärsmodeller och kan beskrivas som (i) ineffektivitet, (ii) bristande kunskap och brist på färdiga lösningar, och (iii) obekantskap som resulterar i skepsis och dissonans med nuvarande praxis och policy. Slutligen bidrar avhandlingen till litteraturen om cirkulära affärsmodeller genom att använda resursbaserad teori och dynamiska förmågor-teori för att identifiera resurser och dynamiska förmågor som är strategiskt viktiga för skalbarhet av cirkulära affärsmodeller. Avhandlingen bidrar således till kunskapen om cirkulära affärsmodellers skalbarhet genom att utvidga begreppet till att även innefatta aktiviteter som sträcker sig utanför den enskilda organisationen, samt inkludera ett triple bottom line-perspektiv. / <p>Delvis finansierat av Handelsbankens forskningsstiftelser (Jan Wallander and Tom Hedelius Foundation, Tore Browalds Foundation)</p>

The content of this master’s thesis deals with competitiveness of the accommodation establishment „Jacob Brno“ through its brand. The current situation of the company is dismantled according to theoretical knowledge. Based on the value chain theory, the value creation process for the customer is further dismantled and compared to competing company. According to the variety of analyses, it is proposed to extend the supply of the accommodation establishment to ancillary services. This includes services such as a conference facility or an improved way to accommodate guests.

The aim of this diploma thesis is creation of competitive strategy of business company. The thesis analyses current state of company, its subject of enterprise is sale of replacement parts and equipment for agricultural machinery. It analyses influence of the external and internal environment on the company. Further was made the marketing research. The strategic targets are determined from the obtained data. The thesis contains proposal of competitive strategy and its time schedule.

I dagsläget finns det inga infrastrukturer för separat insamling av textilavfall i Sverige, textilier slutar således upp i det kommunala avfallet. Ett producentansvar kommer träda i kraft den 1 januari 2022 vars syfte är att textilier ska samlas in separat för återanvändning eller återvinning. Insamlingen kommer att vara begränsat till textilier i form av kläder, hemtextil, inredningstextil, väskor och accessoarer. För närvarande beaktas inte textila återanvändningsbara mensskydd i befattningen. Trots att det finns flera textila alternativ på marknaden idag, vilket kan skapa en relevans för att utveckla ett system dedikerat till insamling för återanvändningsbara textilt mensskydd. Studien undersöker kvinnors syn på ett framtida insamlingssystem för textila återanvändningsbara mensskydd, deras möjliga deltagande samt hur de resonerar kring sina val av mensskydd. Studien är empirisk och har använt sig av kvalitativ forskning med enskilda semistrukturerade intervjuer för datainsamling. Syftet med intervjuerna var att fastställa konsumenters relation till mensskydd, återanvändningsbara mensskydd och ett insamlingssystem. En tematisk analys användes för att söka kopplingar och mönster i den insamlade empirin. Det finns en stark bild av menstruation som något ohygieniskt och mycket privat vilket har hämmat diskussioner om ämnet. Utan en aktiv debatt om de engångsmensskydd som används idag och dess miljöpåverkan kan inte behovet av mer hållbara alternativ motiveras. Det finns således mindre anledning för konsumenter av engångsmensskydd att skifta till en ny produkt som inte är lika etablerad på marknaden. Möjligheten till insamling av återanvändningsbara textila mensskydd i återvinningssyfte sågs dock som något positivt, då det skulle öka viljan hos respondenterna att använda den typen av produkter. / Today there is no infrastructures dedicated to collecting textile waste in Sweden, thus textiles tend to end up in the municipal waste. A producer responsibility will be instated on the 1st of January 2022, its purpose is to collect textiles separately from other waste to enable reuse and recycling. It will be limited to collecting apparel, household textiles, decorative textiles, bags and accessories. Today reusable textile menstrual products are not mentioned in correlation to the producer responsibility even though there are several products available on the market. This makes the development of a system dedicated to collecting reusable textile menstrual products a relevant cause. This paper examines women’s views on a future collecting system for reusable textile menstrual products, their roles within the system and how they view their choice of menstrual products. The paper is empirical and has been conducted through qualitative research and semi-structured interviews for collection of data. The purpose of the interviews was to determine the relationship between consumers, reusable textile menstrual products and a system for collection. A thematic analysis was used to search for patterns and connections within the collected empirical data. Menstruation is often viewed as something unhygienic and private which has caused discussion of the subject to stagnate. Without an active debate surrounding the environmental effects caused by disposable menstrual products, the need for more sustainable alternatives can ́t be motivated. Thus there is less reason for consumers to make a shift towards reusable textile menstrual products that hasn’t been as established on the market. Although the possibility to recycle reusable textile menstrual products was viewed as something positive by the participants in this study, sins this would increase their will to use this type of product.

The diploma thesis aims at analyzing Miss Claire Ltd., a distributor of perfumes and cosmetic goods. The situation of external and internal environment is described based on Porter Value Chain, indicators of financial analysis, PESTE and SWOT matrix. GE model and BCG matrix serve as complementary tools. All suggested strategies fulfill SMART criteria as well as strategic goal of Miss Claire Ltd, which is achievement of profitability and stabilization of market position.

The aim of the thesis focuses on the design of competitive strategy for the company AGRALL agricultural technology and to implement business based on the traditions of primary and secondary sectors of the Czech economy such as agriculture and engineering. Identification of appropriate strategies, namely the drafting of projects based on competitive analysis of several internal and external environment.

The thesis titled „Development of competitiveness of company" deals with the current situation of the pension Kosanda in Jeseníky mountains, based on which proposals are created in order to develop the competitiveness. The proposals have been created after analyzing and exploring data and evaluation of questionnaires completed by the guests. These suggestions include the potential of the village, changes of the exterior of pension, event marketing, package holidays, incentive tourism. The theoretical part describes the basic concepts, principles and methods of strategic management and marketing. The analytical part is concentrated on the analysis and the last part presents proposals and steps to strengthen its competitive position.