<p><em>Clostridioides difficileinfection</em>  (CDI)  is  considered  as  an  urgent  threat  to  the  publicby  CDC, 2019.It  causes  life-threatening  diarrhea  and pseudomembranous colitis,mostly  in those  taking antibiotics or at the end of their antibiotic course.It is also notifiedas hospital-associated pathogensbecause one-third  of  the CDIhas occurredinthe health  care  center. Norepinephrine  (NE)  is  a stress-associated  neuroendocrine  hormone  released  upon  sympathetic  stimulation  to  mediate stress.Gut walls are highly innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. During stress, elevated level  of  NE  released  in  the  GI  tractcould  influence  bacterial  overgrowth  &  translocation.  It  isalready known  for  its  role  in  modulating  the  behavior  of  several  bacterial  pathogens  suchas Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Vibrio cholera. This study aims to evaluate the effect of NE treatment on the growth and virulence of C. difficile.Here, we studied the effect of NE  on  six  different C.  difficilestrains  isolated  from humans. To  understandthe  influence  on growth, bacterial culture was treated (+/-)NE (5μM & 50 μM)during their log phase and recorded the density of the cell each time period for constructing the growth curve. In addition, after NE treatment, bacterial cells were taken for further analysis. For investigating the impact of NE on the virulence  genes  expression, a qPCR  reaction  was  performed  along  with -RT  / noRT  control reactions  for assessingthe  RNA  sample  free  from  genomic  DNA  contamination.  In the case of growth,higher growth was observed in VPI 10463at 6 hourtime pointonly,and in strain,NR 49277 significantly stimulated after 6 hoursand continued till 8 hours after treatmentwith50μM NE. In strain NR 49282, decreasedgrowth was observed at7-hourtime pointsafter 50 μM NEtreatment.But, there was no difference in cell density between control &  5μM NE treated bacterial culture in all strains.</p> <p>Toxingenes(tcdA&tcdB)and flagellin gene(fliC),were upregulated in NR 49290, NR 49277 & VPI 10463strains in both concentrations of NE and down-regulated in NR 49282.In strain NR 32888, toxin genes were downregulated while treated with 5μM NEbut upregulated after 50μM NEtreatment, though fliC was downregulated in both concentrations. In strain NR 32891,  tcdAwas downregulated,but tcdB& fliCwere upregulatedafter NE treatmentin both concentrations. Increased expression in pilin gene,pilA1in strain NR 49277, NR 49290, VPI 10463& NR 32891 in both concentrationswas observed.  In addition, pilA3in NR 49277, VPI 10463& NR 32891 and PilA5in  NR  49277  &  NR  49290  showed an upregulation pattern while  treated  with  both concentrations. Modulating this response, it is possible to reduce the pathogenicity of C. difficileduring medical care & antibiotic use.</p> <p><br></p>

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:09:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-03-02. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000843824.pdf: 1134206 bytes, checksum: 7e50793b27d7dcb24fe0acd95bbbd5df (MD5) / Poucos são os trabalhos de pesquisa em que probióticos e ácidos orgânicos são testados sinergicamente. Para tanto, conduziu-se um experimento utilizando 900 pintos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x2+1 (suplementação ou não de probiótico), (suplementação ou não de ácidos orgânicos) e (ração basal com inclusão de antibiótico e anticoccidiano). As aves foram desafiadas com Eimeria acervulina, E. máxima e E. tenella. Os dados de desempenho foram avaliados nos períodos de 1-7, 1-10, 1-14, 1-21 e 1-42 dias, sendo que o antibiótico mostrou-se eficiente em quase todas as fases. Os efeitos do probiótico e dos ácidos orgânicos no desempenho foram pouco conclusivos e o mesmo aconteceu para as características morfométricas avaliadas. Quase não foi notado o efeito sinérgico esperado pela interação entre o probiótico e os ácidos orgânicos. O probiótico aumentou a contagem de bactérias anaeróbias no intestino delgado aos 14 dias enquanto o antibiótico reduziu a contagem das mesmas no mesmo período. O peso relativo e o comprimento do intestino delgado foram menores na presença do antibiótico aos 21 dias, assim como, as características morfometricas avaliadas na mesma idade também diminuíram. Porém, aos 42 dias o efeito sobre o peso relativo, comprimento e morfometria do intestino não diferiram para nenhum dos aditivos testados. Diante do desafio experimental imposto, o probiótico e os ácidos orgânicos mostraram-se pouco eficientes no que se diz respeito à substituição dos antibióticos como melhoradores de desempenho / There are few researches in which probiotics and organic acids are tested synergistically. To this end, we conducted an experiment using 900 broiler chicks males of Cobb, distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial 2x2 + 1 (supplemented or not with probiotic), (supplemented or not with organic acids) and (basal diet with antibiotic and anticoccidial inclusion). The broilers were challenged with Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella. The performance data were evaluated at periods of 1-7, 1-10, 1-14, 1-21 and 1-42 days, and the antibiotic was efficient in almost every phase. The effects of probiotic and organic acids in the performance were inconclusive and the same happened for the evaluated morphometric characteristics. It was hardly noticed the synergic effect expected by the interaction between the probiotic and organic acids. The probiotic increased the count of anaerobic bacteria in the small intestine after 14 days while the antibiotic reduced the count in the same period. The relative weight and the length of the small intestine were lower in the presence of the antibiotic at 21 days, as well as the morphometric characteristics evaluated in the same age also decreased. However, at the 42° day the effect on the relative size, length and morphology of the intestine did not differ for any of the tested additives. In front of imposed experimental challenge, probiotic and organic acids shown to be inefficient as it concerns the replacement of antibiotics as performance enhancers

Orientador: Valquíria Cação Cruz-Polycarpo / Banca: Antonio Carlos de Laurentiz / Banca: Ricardo de Albuquerque / Resumo: Poucos são os trabalhos de pesquisa em que probióticos e ácidos orgânicos são testados sinergicamente. Para tanto, conduziu-se um experimento utilizando 900 pintos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x2+1 (suplementação ou não de probiótico), (suplementação ou não de ácidos orgânicos) e (ração basal com inclusão de antibiótico e anticoccidiano). As aves foram desafiadas com Eimeria acervulina, E. máxima e E. tenella. Os dados de desempenho foram avaliados nos períodos de 1-7, 1-10, 1-14, 1-21 e 1-42 dias, sendo que o antibiótico mostrou-se eficiente em quase todas as fases. Os efeitos do probiótico e dos ácidos orgânicos no desempenho foram pouco conclusivos e o mesmo aconteceu para as características morfométricas avaliadas. Quase não foi notado o efeito sinérgico esperado pela interação entre o probiótico e os ácidos orgânicos. O probiótico aumentou a contagem de bactérias anaeróbias no intestino delgado aos 14 dias enquanto o antibiótico reduziu a contagem das mesmas no mesmo período. O peso relativo e o comprimento do intestino delgado foram menores na presença do antibiótico aos 21 dias, assim como, as características morfometricas avaliadas na mesma idade também diminuíram. Porém, aos 42 dias o efeito sobre o peso relativo, comprimento e morfometria do intestino não diferiram para nenhum dos aditivos testados. Diante do desafio experimental imposto, o probiótico e os ácidos orgânicos mostraram-se pouco eficientes no que se diz respeito à substituição dos antibióticos como melhoradores de desempenho / Abstract: There are few researches in which probiotics and organic acids are tested synergistically. To this end, we conducted an experiment using 900 broiler chicks males of Cobb, distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial 2x2 + 1 (supplemented or not with probiotic), (supplemented or not with organic acids) and (basal diet with antibiotic and anticoccidial inclusion). The broilers were challenged with Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella. The performance data were evaluated at periods of 1-7, 1-10, 1-14, 1-21 and 1-42 days, and the antibiotic was efficient in almost every phase. The effects of probiotic and organic acids in the performance were inconclusive and the same happened for the evaluated morphometric characteristics. It was hardly noticed the synergic effect expected by the interaction between the probiotic and organic acids. The probiotic increased the count of anaerobic bacteria in the small intestine after 14 days while the antibiotic reduced the count in the same period. The relative weight and the length of the small intestine were lower in the presence of the antibiotic at 21 days, as well as the morphometric characteristics evaluated in the same age also decreased. However, at the 42° day the effect on the relative size, length and morphology of the intestine did not differ for any of the tested additives. In front of imposed experimental challenge, probiotic and organic acids shown to be inefficient as it concerns the replacement of antibiotics as performance enhancers / Mestre

DNA vaccines in larger animals, such as horses, are generally less effective and elicit significantly weaker immune responses, than in small animal model systems. To provide optimal protection against pathogenic microorganisms, the induction of both humoral and cellular immune responses from DNA vaccination may be necessary. One limitation to DNA immunization in the horse is the difficulty in generating high levels of antigen-specific antibody and CTL responses. Previous work in the laboratory has demonstrated that expression constructs containing native sequences encoding the surface unit (SU) envelope glycoprotein (pCiSU) of the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) are ineffective at stimulating immune responses in the horse. This was attributed to an unusual codon-usage bias of the EIAV genome that significantly limits the expression of SU sequences. Optimizing the codon usage of pCiSU (pSYNSU) in DNA vaccines stimulated low-titer immune responses in inoculated ponies. Another plausible explanation for the reduced effectiveness of these DNA vaccines may be transfection deficiency and low level expression elicited by plasmid vectors in the horse. These studies investigated if the addition of a cationic polymer, deacylated polyethyleneimine (PEI), and/or codon optimized molecular immune-stimulatory cytokines could augment the relatively weak immunogenicity of pSYNSU in DNA vaccination of horses/ponies. Administration of DNA in formulation with PEI resulted in the robust production of very long-lived humoral (15 months after vaccination) responses and induced cell-mediated IFN-y responses five days after immunization.. Additionally, the co-expression of a family of IL-15 cytokines expanded the repertoire of T cell recognition to SU-specific peptides, in terms of lymphoproliferation. DNA vaccination incorporating one IL-15 family member, IL-15 (SSLSS) significantly enhanced serum antibody levels of IgGA and IFN-y mRNA expression levels. These responses were distinctly different from results seen with vaccinates that received „naked‟ pSYNSU DNA vaccines. It is evident from these vaccine studies that PEI can enhance DNA vaccine-elicited antibody and CTL-associated responses in the horse and IL-15 (SSLSS) can dramatically augment these responses. These results demonstrate an important role for PEI in promoting the longevity of immune responses to genetic immunization, which has not been reported previously in any large animal model.

A fim de pesquisar a presença de yersinia pseudotuberculosis em quadro de diarreia bovina, foram analisadas 220 amostras de fezes, 60 conteudos de intestino delgado e 56 conteudos de intestino grosso. Obteve-se isolamento positivo em 46 (21%), 9 (15%) e 5 (9%) das amostras respectivamente, totalizando 60 cepas do microrganismo. As 60 cepas de yersinia pseudotuberculosis pertenciam ao sorogrupo o iii., Apresentando identica sensibilidade aos antibioticos e quimioterapicos quando testados in vitro. Estatisticamente comprovou-se haver relação entre os isolamentos das cepas de yersinia pseudotuberculosis e os meses mais frios do ano. A cepa y. Pseudotuberculosis mostrou-se patogenica aos cobaios, quando administrada via oral. Apesar dos resultados bacteriologicos negativos, não se descartou a possibilidade do envolvimento de roedores silvestres e comensais na transmissão do microrganismo aos bovinos, podendo os proprios bovinos ou o solo, servirem como reservatorios do microrganismo. A metodologia utilizada no isolamento das cepas de y. Pseudotuberculosis possibilitou que 73,3% das mesmas fossem isoladas no cultivo primario e 26,66% apos o crioenriquecimento na temperatura de 4 GRAUS c por 7, 14 e 21 dias. / The main purposes of this research was to search for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in faecal samples from bovine with diarrhea, from farms in the State of Paraná. We have analyzed 220 faecal samples, 60 samples from small intestine contents and 56 samples from large intestine contents. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolation was positive in 46 (21%), 9 (15%) and 5 (9%), respectively, totalizing 60 strains of the microrganism. The 60 strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis belong to serogroup 0 III, and they shown identical sensibility to antibiotics and other drugs, when tested in vitro. Through the statistical methods, X2 test, we found a positive correlation between Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolation and the winter season. To establish the morbidity and mortality rates, cattle population was separated into three age related categories, wich are: calfs, yearlings and adults. In 1987 and 1988, the morbidity rates were 0%, 10,3% and 6,7%; 0%, 13,4% and 11,7%, respectively. In relation to mortality rates, they were 0%, 1,0% and 2,6% in 1987, and 0%, 2,1% and 2,6% in 1988. The strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis placed on serogroup 0 III, were pathogenic to guinea pigs, when giver per-os. We didn\'t get any isolation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from wild rodents and others, but we still think that may be incriminated in the transmission of the microrganism to bovines, although the bovines as well as the soil, may function as reservoires of the bacteria. Isolation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in primary cultures was possible in 73,33% although 26,66% of the isolations were successfull only after cold-temperature enrichment, with incubation at 4 C for 7, 14 an 21 days.

A fim de pesquisar a presença de yersinia pseudotuberculosis em quadro de diarreia bovina, foram analisadas 220 amostras de fezes, 60 conteudos de intestino delgado e 56 conteudos de intestino grosso. Obteve-se isolamento positivo em 46 (21%), 9 (15%) e 5 (9%) das amostras respectivamente, totalizando 60 cepas do microrganismo. As 60 cepas de yersinia pseudotuberculosis pertenciam ao sorogrupo o iii., Apresentando identica sensibilidade aos antibioticos e quimioterapicos quando testados in vitro. Estatisticamente comprovou-se haver relação entre os isolamentos das cepas de yersinia pseudotuberculosis e os meses mais frios do ano. A cepa y. Pseudotuberculosis mostrou-se patogenica aos cobaios, quando administrada via oral. Apesar dos resultados bacteriologicos negativos, não se descartou a possibilidade do envolvimento de roedores silvestres e comensais na transmissão do microrganismo aos bovinos, podendo os proprios bovinos ou o solo, servirem como reservatorios do microrganismo. A metodologia utilizada no isolamento das cepas de y. Pseudotuberculosis possibilitou que 73,3% das mesmas fossem isoladas no cultivo primario e 26,66% apos o crioenriquecimento na temperatura de 4 GRAUS c por 7, 14 e 21 dias. / The main purposes of this research was to search for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in faecal samples from bovine with diarrhea, from farms in the State of Paraná. We have analyzed 220 faecal samples, 60 samples from small intestine contents and 56 samples from large intestine contents. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolation was positive in 46 (21%), 9 (15%) and 5 (9%), respectively, totalizing 60 strains of the microrganism. The 60 strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis belong to serogroup 0 III, and they shown identical sensibility to antibiotics and other drugs, when tested in vitro. Through the statistical methods, X2 test, we found a positive correlation between Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolation and the winter season. To establish the morbidity and mortality rates, cattle population was separated into three age related categories, wich are: calfs, yearlings and adults. In 1987 and 1988, the morbidity rates were 0%, 10,3% and 6,7%; 0%, 13,4% and 11,7%, respectively. In relation to mortality rates, they were 0%, 1,0% and 2,6% in 1987, and 0%, 2,1% and 2,6% in 1988. The strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis placed on serogroup 0 III, were pathogenic to guinea pigs, when giver per-os. We didn\'t get any isolation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from wild rodents and others, but we still think that may be incriminated in the transmission of the microrganism to bovines, although the bovines as well as the soil, may function as reservoires of the bacteria. Isolation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in primary cultures was possible in 73,33% although 26,66% of the isolations were successfull only after cold-temperature enrichment, with incubation at 4 C for 7, 14 an 21 days.

Orientador: Tereza Cristina Cardoso / Banca: Roberto Gameiro de Carvalho / Banca: Camila da Silva Frade / Resumo: Pertencente a família Herpesviridae, subfamília Alphaherpesvirinae, o Herpesvírus bovino tipo 5 (BoHV-5), é o agente causal da meningoencefalite bovina não supurativa, que atinge majoritariamente bovinos jovens. No Brasil, os casos de encefalite por BoHV-5 são a segunda maior causa de óbitos no rebanho. A infecção viral geralmente resulta em alteração no processo de morte celular programada, pela via mitocondrial, estimulando ou inibindo genes relacionados à apoptose, favorecendo a replicação e disseminação viral. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a análise da expressão de genes relacionados à apoptose (Apaf-1, α, FasL e citocromo c) em células MDBK infectadas ou não com o BoHV-5. Foi possível observar um aumento (p<0,05) na expressão dos genes estudados para o grupo infectado comparado ao controle, em diferentes momentos pós-infecção experimental. No caso da família Herpesviridae, a modulação da apoptose parecer ser uma etapa chave para sua patogênese, apesar da associação das atividades anti e pró-apoptóticas com o BoHV-5 ser completamente desconhecida. Este estudo demonstra a capacidade do BoHV-5 em modular, seja ativando ou inibindo, a via extrínseca da apoptose / Abstract: Belonging to the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, bovine Herpesvirus type 5 ( BoHV-5) is the causative agent of bovine non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, which predominantly affects young cattle. In Brazil, cases of encephalitis caused by BoHV-5 are the second leading cause of deaths in the herd. Viral infection usually results in a change in the programmed cell death via mitochondrial, stimulating or inhibiting apoptosis related genes, promoting viral replication and dissemination process. The present study aimed to analyze the expression of apoptosis related genes (Apaf-1, TNFα-R1, FasL and cytochrome c) in infected or uninfected MDBK cells with BoHV-5. We observed an increase ( p < 0.05 ) in expression of the genes studied for the infected group compared with controls, in different times post-infection experimental. In the case of the Herpesviridae family, modulation of apoptosis appears to be a key step in its pathogenesis, despite the association of anti and pro-apoptotic activities with BoHV-5 is completely unknown. This study demonstrates the ability of BoHV-5 in modulating either activating or inhibiting the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis / Mestre

Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is one of the major viral pathogens causing respiratory disease, abortion, perinatal mortality and neurologic disease among horses resulting in significant economic losses to the equine industry. The virus can also remain latent in the horses and recrudesce at any time. Type-I interferons (IFNs) act as a first line of defense against many viral infections. In this study we investigated the type-I IFN response against the neuropathogenic T953 strain of EHV-1 in equine endothelial cells (EECs). The results showed that after a transient induction of IFN-β mRNA as well as protein at an early time (3h) post infection (p.i.), T953 strain of EHV-1 suppressed further induction of IFN-β at later times (12h onwards). Studies were done to confirm that the suppression of type-I IFN induction at later time points was not due to the normal IFN-β induction kinetics, it was rather because of the active interference by the virus. Investigation of the mechanisms by which T953 interferes with IFN-β production revealed that the virus degraded the endogenous level of the transcription factor, interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) and also down-regulated the activation of IRF-3 followed by its accumulation in the nucleus. However, T953 infection caused degradation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibitory protein IκBα and also induced p50 subunit to translocate into nucleus from cytoplasm suggesting activation of NF-κB signaling. This also indicated that inhibition in the type-I IFN production was probably not due to the inhibition of NF-κB. The results of these studies also indicated that T953 virus was resistant to the biological effect of the recombinant equine IFN-α in vitro. Investigation of the reason of this resistance showed that T953 virus interfered with the cellular JAK-STAT signaling mechanism by which type-I IFN exerts its antiviral effect. Moreover, the studies revealed that downstream of the JAK-STAT signaling, T953 virus also inhibited the expression of cellular antiviral proteins including interferon stimulated gene 56 (ISG56) and viperin. Altogether, these data indicate that the T953 strain of EHV-1 interfered with the host cell innate immune responses by modulating type-I IFN mediated immune responses at multiple levels in vitro.

A pneumonia fúngica é uma infecção pulmonar profunda causada principalmente por fungos do gênero Aspergillus, incluindo A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. flavus e A. terreus. Se encontram mais comumente em matéria orgânica em decomposição. Seus propágulos estão presentes na poeira e no ar, o que favorece a inalação, porta principal de entrada do agente no organismo. Produzem grande quantidade de conídios com menos de 8 μ, fazendo com que, quando inalados, alcancem o leito pulmonar. É o gênero considerado o mais comum em nosso planeta e o A. fumigatus é a espécie mais frequentemente descrita em invasão tecidual. Em animais e humanos, os sistemas respiratório e imunológico saudáveis são suficientes para eliminar os propágulos das vias aéreas, evitando sua colonização. Doenças e fármacos imunossupressores têm sido descritos como fatores predisponentes da infecção pulmonar fúngica, considerada oportunística. É considerada rara em cães. Os sinais clínicos são variados, mas a tosse persistente e a não cessação dos sinais com o uso de antimicrobianos são dados para suspeita de pneumonia fúngica. No exame radiológico de pulmões, são descritas várias imagens, das quais a mais relatada é a de padrão intersticial nodular miliar generalizado, embora não seja imagem patognomônica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de aspergilose pulmonar em cães com sintomatologia respiratória atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS), localizado na cidade de Porto Alegre. A amostragem foi composta por 46 cães nos quais foi realizado Biópsia por Aspiração com Agulha Fina (BAAF) nos dois pulmões, coleta de sangue e exame radiológico torácico. O material obtido de uma punção foi homogeneizado com caldo Sabouraud Dextrose líquido. Parte deste homogeneizado foi semeado em Agar Malte para Aspergillus spp. e feito exame direto em lâmina e com colotração de Grocott. A outra parte foi semeada em vários meios de cultura para exame bacteriológico. Do material obtido na outra punção foi realizado exame citopatológico corado pelo método Panótico Rápido. Do soro obtido do sangue coletado foi realizado exame soromicológico para A. fumigatus, A. flavus e A. niger. Os resultados dos exames micológico, citopatológico, soromicológico e bacteriológico foram negativos para todas as amostras testadas. Não havendo positividade dos exames, não foi possível correlacionar a pneumonia fúngica com as imagens radiológicas obtidas dos pulmões dos 46 cães radiografados. A maioria dos cães viviam em áreas abertas, em contato com matéria orgânica onde o fungo frequentemente se encontra. Os exames para detecção de fungos devem ser analisados com cautela, pois o resultado positivo em um único exame não confirma a presença da infecção, pois o agente pode estar presente frequentemente no trato respiratório superior de cães. / Fungal pneumonia is a deeply lung infection caused by fungal agents of the genus Aspergillus, including A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. flavus and A. terreus. They are found most commonly in decaying organic matter. Their fungal propagules are present in dust and air, which favors the inhalation, the main entrance of the agent in the body. They produce large amounts of conidia with less than 8 μ, so that, when inhaled, reaching the pulmonary bed. It is the considered the most common kind genus on our planet and A. fumigatus is the most often reported species in tissue invasion. In animals and humans, a healthy immune and respiratory systems is sufficient to remove the seedlings of the airways, preventing colonization. Diseases and immunosuppressive drugs have been described as predisposing factors of pulmonary fungal infection, considered opportunistic. It is considered rare in dogs. Clinical symptoms are varied, but a persistent cough and no cessation of symptoms with the use of antimicrobials are data for suspected fungal pneumonia. In the radiological examination of the lungs, several images have been described, and the most described is a generalized miliary nodular interstitial pattern, but it is not a pathognomonic image. This work aimed to verify the occurrence of pulmonary aspergillosis in dogs with respiratory symptoms examined at the Veterinary Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (HCVUFRGS), located in Porto Alegre city, in Brasil. The sampling was composed of 46 dogs in which biopsy was performed by fine needle aspiration (FNAC) in both lungs, blood sampling and radiological examination of the chest. The material obtained from a puncture was homogenized with Sabouraud dextrose liquid. Part of this homogenate was seeded on malt agar for Aspergillus spp. and taken directly on slides and stained with “Grocott”. The other party was seeded in various culture media to bacteriological examination. The material obtained in another puncture was performed cytopathological examination with “Panótico” coloring. Serum obtained from blood collected was performed for serology to A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. niger. The results of mycological examination, cytology, bacteriology and serology examinations were negative for all samples tested. In the absence of positive tests, it was not possible to correlate fungal pneumonia with radiological images obtained from the lungs of the 46 dogs radiographed. Most dogs live in open areas in contact with organic matter where the fungus is usually found. Tests to detect fungi should be analyzed with caution, because a positive result in a single test does not confirm the presence of infection, since the agent can be present normally in the upper respiratory tract of dogs.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:09:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-26. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000837592.pdf: 1010768 bytes, checksum: 0d21622784468b2026cb50619c6f97b0 (MD5) / O objetivo desse experimento foi avaliar a eficiência do uso de desinfetantes aprovados para uso na indústria alimentícia na água de frangos de corte, desde o início da restrição alimentar até o fim do período de jejum e início da apanha, para a diminuição de Escherichia coli e enterococos no inglúvio e no conteúdo cecal das aves, que são microrganismos indicadores da presença de patógenos intestinais. Também foi avaliado se esses desinfetantes associados ao jejum causaram algum dano intestinal que poderia facilitar a disseminação de microrganismos para a carcaça. Foram utilizados 60 frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb, distribuídos em boxes de acordo com o tratamento. O período de jejum aplicado foi de 12 horas e os desinfetantes adicionados na água de bebida do jejum pré-abate eram à base de iodo, amônia quaternária, biguanida e ácido peracético. Foram coletadas amostras de conteúdo cecal e inglúvio, para análise microbiológica; e o duodeno e jejuno para análise histológica. Concluiu-se que é recomendável associar a prática do jejum pré-abate com algum método de antissepsia do inglúvio. Os desinfetantes à base de iodo, amônia quaternária e ácido peracético não demonstram bons resultados para o uso na água de bebida de frangos de corte, visando a diminuição das populações de microrganismos do inglúvio. O desinfetante à base de biguanida, em associação com o jejum pré-abate, foi eficiente na redução da quantidade de enterococos no inglúvio. Porém, deve-se ter cautela ao recomendar o seu uso na água de bebida de frangos de corte, já que ocorreu aumento da quantidade de Escherichia coli no conteúdo cecal. O desinfetante à base de ácido peracético promoveu a integridade dos vilos intestinais quando associado ao jejum, o que significa menor risco de disseminação de microrganismos patogênicos presentes no conteúdo intestinal para a carcaça / The objective of this experiment was to test whether the addition of disinfectants approved for use in food industry to broiler drinking water during pre-slaughter feed withdrawal period was efficient in reducing the quantities of microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli and Enterococci, in broiler crops and ceca. Reduction of these microorganisms would likely also reduce pathogenesis post-slaughterhouse. It was also investigated if these disinfectants caused some intestinal damage that could lead to dissemination of microorganisms to the carcass. A total of 60 Cobb male broilers were distributed in pens according to the treatments. The preslaughter period was 12 hours and the disinfectants added to water during this period were based on iodine, quaternary ammonium, biguanide, and peracetic acid. Samples of crop and cecal content were collected for microbiological analysis; and duodenum and jejunum for histological analysis. The conclusion was that preslaughter feed withdrawal should be coupled with methods for crop disinfection. Disinfectants based on iodine, quaternary ammonium and peracetic acid did not present satisfactory results for use in broiler drinking water to decrease the microorganism populations from crop. Biguanide-based disinfectant, in association with preslaughter feed withdrawal, reduced the enterococci amount from crop. However, the recommendation of its addition to broiler drinking water must be done with caution, because cecal content presented higher quantities of E. coli when biguanide was used. Peracetic-acid based disinfectant promoted intestinal villi integrity when associated to preslaughter feed withdrawal, decreasing the risk of dissemination of pathogenic microorganisms from intestinal content to the carcass