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No description available.

This research was conducted to investigate the effects of gender, grade level, family relationships, and vicarious victimization on self-esteem and attitudes of bullying. A self-report questionnaire was administered to sixth and seventh graders at a middle school to 436 students of whom 209 were males and 224 were females. Each home base classroom was systematically sampled for a random sample. The survey consisted of several demographic questions as well as questions regarding the previously mentioned variables. The mean age was 11.8 with 80.7% indicating they were white and 19.3% indicating another race. In the overall regression equations, gender and family relationships were significantly related to attitudes of bullying and family relationships was the only variable significant in the self-esteem equation. Several correlations between variables were found to be significant.

[pt] O uso de cannabis é um problema de saúde pública crescente, associado a diversos desfechos negativos. A identificação de fatores de risco é relevante para a prevenção, pois nem sempre tratamentos são eficazes. O abuso sexual infantil é considerado um forte preditor de uso e transtorno por uso de cannabis (TUC). Com a expansão da internet a violência sexual assumiu novos formatos, fazendo surgir um fenômeno contemporâneo denominado vitimização sexual on-line (VSO). Esta dissertação se dedicou ao aprofundamento do tema e realizou uma revisão narrativa com o objetivo de sintetizar o conceito de VSO e seus paralelos com abuso sexual off-line. Além disso, foi investigado exploratoriamentea VSO na infância e adolescência e suas associações com o uso de cannabis e TUC. Análises de regressão investigaram o efeito preditivo de VSO no uso de cannabis ao menos uma vez na vida e na idade do primeiro uso de cannabis. Mais de 70 por cento da amostra relatou ter sofrido VSO na infância e adolescência. Mulheres apresentaram quase o dobro de prevalência que os homens, com médias mais elevadas nas subescalas de insistência e ameaça. Minorias sexuais foram mais prevalentes que heterossexuais em todas as subescalas. A VSO foi capaz de prever significativamente o uso de cannabis pelo menos uma vez na vida e a idade do primeiro uso, mas somente a subescala de disseminação. Os resultados sugerem que VSO na infância e na adolescência é um fenômeno com alta prevalência, que pode estar associada ao uso de cannabis. Crianças e adolescentes merecem atenção especial porque utilizam a internet com maior freqüência, ficando expostos a riscos. Dessa maneira, é necessário pensar estratégias para prevenção de ocorrência de VSO e seusefeitos adversos. / [en] Cannabis use is a growing public health problem, associated with a variety of negative outcomes. The identification of risk factors is relevant for prevention, as treatments are not always effective. Child sexual abuse is considered a strong predictor of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD). With the expansion of the internet, sexual violence took on new formats, giving rise to a contemporary phenomenon called online sexual victimization (OSV). This dissertation was dedicated to deepening the theme and carried out a narrative review with the objective of synthesizing the concept of OSV and its parallels with offline sexual abuse. In addition, we exploratory investigated OSV in childhood and adolescence and its associations with cannabis use and CUD. Regression analyzes investigated the predictive effect of OSV on lifetime cannabis use and age of first cannabis use. More than 70 percent ofthe sample reported having suffered OSV in childhood and adolescence. Women had almost twice the prevalence of men, with higher means in the insistence and threat subescales. Sexual minorities were more prevalent than heterosexualin allsubscales. The OSV was able to significantly predict lifetime cannabis use and age atfirst use, but only the spread subscale. The results suggest that OSV in childhood and adolescence is a highly prevalent phenomenon that maybe associated with cannabis use. Children and teenagers deserv especial attention because they use the internet more frequently and are exposed to risks. Thus, it is necessary to think about strategies to prevent the occurence of OSV and its adverse effects.

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No description available.

This master thesis investigates the causes of female street prostitutes’ high level of violent victimization and based on the findings suggests the possible ways to better protect this group of women in order to reduce the harm they face. I chose a qualitative content analysis as a research method and focused on three main theories within the field of Victimology. Lifestyle model, Routine Activity and Neutralization and Desensitization Theories are the most suitable to explain the specific factors which make female street prostitutes’ one of the most victimized groups of the society. The results of the analysis are the clear example that legalizing street prostitution is the so called basis to plan and develop further protective and preventive strategies. Though, the recommendation includes conducting the future research to compare the violence rate of legalized female street prostitution with an unregulated one.

A minority of the research conducted on the geography of crime has considered crime as a vectored event, consisting of multiple locations of interest and straight-line connections between them. Within this small literature, very little attention has been paid to relationships between the various 'journey' vectors available for consideration. Recently several studies have resurrected the notion of Mobility Triangle Analysis as a method for examining crime as a multi-vectored event. The research described here illustrates that geometric configuration of multi-vector homicide events drives prior findings related to mobility triangle analyses, and demonstrates a two-stage method for reconciling this issue. In addition to examining the geometric configuration of homicide, the research also examines issues of orientation, extent, and the impact of contextual factors in multi-vector models of homicide geography. / Criminal Justice

While the Internet has provided numerous positive opportunities for networking and connection, its borderless nature has also posed significant challenges, including Online Grooming. This study aims to elucidate initiatives for safeguarding minors online and enhance protective measures, by exploring the phenomenon of Online Grooming. It will focus on the characteristics of Online Grooming, victim dynamics, combating measures, and cross-sectoral collaboration within a Danish context. To achieve this, semi-structured interviews were conducted across sectors with 13 professionals selected based on their expertise in either the age group (12-15 years) or the concept of Online Grooming. Thematic analysis was applied in order to obtain a thorough understanding of the phenomenon, and guided by the theoretical frameworks of Routine Activity theory and Shattered Assumptions theory. The empirical findings of this study provided insights to the characteristics of modus operandi and the consequences hereof. Furthermore, the empirical findings of this study revealed correlation between personal vulnerability factors and the characteristics of the age group as risk factors for victimization. This study also underscored a need for an improved systematized and formalized collaboration across sectors to effectively combat Online Grooming, while also cautiously considering the focus of the preventative and reactive initiatives. Finally, the results indicated an emphasis on parental collaboration and involvement as a part of the protective measures. This study and its findings contribute to a better understanding of the complexities of Online Grooming, which can be of relevance for policy implications in continuing the protection of minors online.