Våldsbrott i det svenska samhället är ett socialt problem som har ökat markant. Denna uppsats undersöker vad som gör att unga män är mer benägna till att begå våldsbrott än unga kvinnor. Studien grundar sig i åtta olika individers erfarenhet och upplevelser inom områden som innefattar polis, socialtjänst, skola, skyddsjour och tidigare kriminella. I uppsatsen tillämpas hermeneutiken för att förstå deltagarnas levda livsvärld. Uppsatsen utgår från en kvalitativ ansats där semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer agerar underlag. I analysen används teorierna om maskulinitet av Raewyn Connell, sociala band av Thomas Scheff, Thomas Scheff & Suzanne Retzingers teori om emotioner och våld, samt Travis Hirschis sociala bandteori i social kontrollteori. Motivation och drivkrafter till våld som kommer fram i resultatet är bland annat manskonstruktioner, socialiseringsprocesser, diverse känslor och eftersträvan av materiell rikedom. Uppsatsen har stor betydelse för att främja social hållbarhet i samhället. Detta genom att upprätthålla social ordning, trygghet och trivsel. Genom att analysera och förstå de sociala, kulturella och strukturella faktorer som bidrar till unga mäns våldsbrott bidrar uppsatsen till ökad kunskap inom området. / Violent crime in Swedish society is a social problem that has increased significantly. This essay examines what makes young men more likely to commit violent crimes than young women. The study is based on the experience and experiences of eight different individuals in areas that include the police, social services, schools, shelters and former criminals. In the essay, hermeneutics is applied to understand the lived life world of the participants. The essay is based on a qualitative approach where semi-structured qualitative interviews act as a basis. The analysis uses the theories of masculinity by Raewyn Connell, social bonds by Thomas Scheff, Thomas Scheff & Suzanne Retzinger's theory of emotions and violence, and Travis Hirschi's social bond theory in social control theory. Motivation and driving forces for violence that emerge in the result are, among other things, male constructions, socialization processes, various emotions and the pursuit of material wealth. The essay is of great importance for promoting social sustainability in society. This is by maintaining social order, safety and well-being. By analyzing and understanding the social, cultural and structural factors that contribute to young men's violent crime, the essay contributes to increased knowledge in the field.

Diploma thesis "Crime in Czech media: Image of crime in Mladá fronta Dnes and Právo newspapers" tries to map way and development of crime presentation in print media in the years of 1996 and 2006, using a content analysis. In the initial, theoretical part, there are the basic hypothesis explained, a description of crime from the sociological perspective and a description of crime history in former Czechoslovakia and in the Czech Republic from 80's of the 20th century until the present time. Further, there is an explanation of relevant chapters from media studies. The pracical part consists of a description of the research method and the portrayal of the research process. It continues with the content analysis itself and the evaluation of collected data. The data are presented in percentage rates and displayed in charts. Acquired rates have been compared with each other and have been searched for further relations amongst them. In the conclusion there is an overall summary of the research findings and their evaluation concerning the basic hypothesis.

本研究旨在使用分析階層程序法（Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP）依據我國官方犯罪統計數字，採取Sellin-Wolfgang index的犯罪嚴重性建構模式，建構我國暴力犯罪嚴重性指標及其權重體系，並進一步探討背景變項對犯罪嚴重性權重給分一致性的差異。本研究第一階段之「暴力犯罪嚴重性可用指標之調查」共選取五類人員進行調查，包括：1.大學教授、2.警政人員、3.調查人員、4.司法人員（只包括法官或檢察官）、5.中學校長老師，總共樣本數24人；第二階段之「暴力犯罪嚴重性指標及權重體系之建構」，共選取包括1.學者專家、2.法官、3.警政調查人員、4.家庭主婦、5.大學生6.中學校長、老師、7.監獄受刑人等七大類，有效樣本357份。 本研究發現： 1. 與「人身攻擊」相關的暴力犯罪指標權重較為嚴重，第一階層指標的排序及其權重值依次為故意殺人罪（47.3%）、擄人勒贖罪（18.9%）、故意傷害罪（13.7%）、強盜罪（12.3%）及搶奪罪（7.8%）。 2. 由「犯罪使用工具」之給分分析，民眾認為「使用槍枝」犯罪是最嚴重的罪行，其次為刀械鐵器，徒手犯罪一般認為罪行較輕微。 3. 由「犯罪發生地點」之給分分析，整體排序前五名分別為「使用槍枝在市街商店殺人」（排序1）、「使用槍枝在住宅殺人」（排序2）、「使用刀械鐵器在市街商店殺人」（排序3）、「使用槍枝在市街商店擄人勒贖」（排序4）、「使用槍枝在特定營業場所殺人」（排序5），顯示出一般民眾認為使用槍枝在市街商店或是住宅做人身攻擊（含殺害及傷害）之犯罪罪行較為嚴重。 4. 除了「性別」一項外，其餘對於第一階層五項暴力犯罪指標權重分配及排序的一致性分析均相當一致，而考慮到第二階層「犯罪使用工具」及第三階層「犯罪發生地點」的情況下也相當一致，顯示不同社經地位填答者對於暴力犯罪嚴重性的認知，大體而言相當一致。 本研究也針對AHP實作結果作說明，並提出後續研究之建議。 / The purpose of this study was to utilize (Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP). According to the official criminal statistics in Taiwan, it was used crime serious structure model of Sellin-Wolfgang index to establish Taiwan "Violent Crime Serious Index and Weight System".In addition, this study was to discuss the differences between variances and "crime serious weight" scores. At the first phase, "the Investigation of Violent Crime Serious Index" was used in this study.　The subjects were classified into five different categories including: 1. University professors; 2. Police officers; 3. Investigators; 4. Judicial officers (only Judges or Prosecutor); 5. High school principals and teachers. The totally sample was twenty-four subjects (N= 24).　At the second phase, "the Structure of Violent Crime Serious Index and Weight System" was selected. The subjects were classified into seven different categories including: 1. Scholars and Specialists; 2. Judges; 3. Police officers and Investigators; 4. House keepers; 5. Undergraduate students; 6. High school principals and teachers; 7. Prisoners.　The sample included three hundred and fifty seven subjects (N= 357). The following findings were presented for this study: 1. In relating to "Body Attack" is more serious in violent crime index and weight. The following rank and weight value in the first hierarchy index were Homicide (47.3%), Kidnapping (18.9%), Bodily Harm (13.7%), Robbery (12.3%), and Forceful (7.8%). 2. Based on the analysis of "tools for criminal use", the subjects think "use of guns" is the most serious crime. Then, "use of knives and ironware" is the second serious crime.　The generality of subjects think "using bare hands" is the slight crime. 3. Based on the analysis of "criminal scenes", the following five criminal scenes were "killing people in streets and stores by guns" (Rank 1); "killing people in resident places by guns" (Rank 2); "killing people in streets and stores by knives and ironware" (Rank 3); "kidnapping people in streets and stores by guns" (Rank 4); and "killing people in specific business places by guns" (Rank 5). The results of this study indicated the generality of subjects think homicide in streets, stores, resident places, and specific business places by guns is the most serious crime. 4. Beside "sex", the other items were consistent in the five violent crime index and weight distributions and ranks of the first hierarchy.　Furthermore, the considerations of "tools for criminal use" in the second hierarchy and "criminal scenes" in the third hierarchy were also consistency.　The results of this study indicated the perception of violent crime serious is quietly consistent no matter in what social status. According to the findings from AHP, this study had deliberate explanations. On the other hand, this study provided several recommendations for further study.

The state of California has one of the largest and most violent gang populations in the United States. Although there have been a variety of anti-gang measures and policies enacted by local and state governments, none have been more effective than the Civil Gang Injunction (CGI). This civil action prohibits certain street gangs, and their members, from participating in activities that would otherwise be considered lawful. In order to obtain an injunction a prosecutor must demonstrate to the court that the gang is engaged in ongoing criminal conduct and represents a public nuisance to a geographically defined area. When a neighborhood is under an injunction, not only is police presence in the area increased but officers are also given more freedom to investigate and apprehend gang members who are suspected to be in violation of the terms. As this thesis will argue, injunctions, when used correctly, have proven to be an effective weapon in diminishing the influence of territorial street gangs on community well-being. When used incorrectly, however, they often only provide a temporary fix to a long-lasting problem. They also have been known to contribute to an increase in crime in neighboring areas, an increased number of wrongful arrests, and in some cases they have promoted criminality amongst young people. To explore the efficacy of injunctions, this thesis will focus on three empirical studies that cover a period from 1993 to 2003, when the rates of gang-related violence were at an all-time high and injunctions became the primary tool for City and District Attorneys to combat the nuisance. Two of these studies argue that injunctions have a positive impact on violent crime statistics, whereas the third concludes that they do not. By comparing these conflicting pieces of quantitative evidence, this thesis aims to gauge the actual effect of injunctions on crime rates and weigh the perceived benefits of this measure against its unintended negative effects.

In South Africa all the major categories of violent crime (homicide, aggravated robbery, serious assault and rape) showed an increase during the early 2000s. More than half of the total offences that were committed in South Africa during 2005 were aggressive offences. The goal of the study was to explore the perception of offenders regarding the triggering and contributing socio-economic factors to aggravated robbery with a view to inform rehabilitation and re-integration programmes for these offenders. Within the context of the interrelatedness of socio-economic factors such as poverty, inequality, unemployment and human rights, developmental social welfare and its underpinning theory of social development was an appropriate theoretical framework for the study. A qualitative research approach was utilised for the study and data was gathered by means of semi-structured interviews. Respondents for the study included maximum-term offenders that were serving an imprisonment sentence for aggravated robbery. The research findings indicate a reciprocal relationship between poverty, inequality, unemployment, intoxicating substances and intra- and interpersonal factors as possible triggering and contributing factors to aggravated robbery. Unemployment, which is exacerbated by a lack of education and skills development and linked to intra- and interpersonal factors, appears to be a dominant socio-economic factor that could contribute to or trigger aggravated robbery. The study concluded that rehabilitation programmes still lack a holistic, integrated developmental approach and hence do not prepare ex-offenders for full integration into society. The Department of Correctional Services was pointed out as a significant role-player in facilitating rehabilitation programmes that include skills development for job creation in a holistic, integrated developmental manner. Recommendations include that the Department of Correctional Services should seek partnerships and closer working relations with external service providers, and develop and implement integrated developmental rehabilitation programmes that will facilitate the creation of productive economic opportunities for offenders while they are still incarcerated and once they have been released back into the community. / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

This study explores the phenomenon of serial murder from the perspective of narrative psychology. Using a case study approach and a grounded theory analytical process this qualitative study utilised the narrative concept of the imago to explore the motivation and development of those who commit serial murder in South Africa. The aim is increase our theoretical understanding of serial murder in directions that support offender profiling. Semi-structured interviews with two South African men who committed serial murder were undertaken and analysed alongside archival data. Their imagoes formed the focus of the analysis. This analysis included a consideration of how the individual’s motivations and developmental patterns were reflected in their crime scenes. This study demonstrated that imagoes play a significant role in the motives for offending, and development of offence behaviours, in men who commit serial murder. The imagoes help create motives; then embody these motives by encouraging and justifying certain types of behaviour in the individual. Interactions between imagoes were particularly significant in this regard. The dominant imago associated with the individual’s self was also associated with the development of a behavioural template for offending, and was thus especially significant in embodying motive. The development of offending was further encouraged by the separation between imagoes involved in offending and those that are not. However differences between the case studies were also observed, such as the extent to which imagoes develop in interaction with others and the roles played by their imagoes in the developmental narrative of their offending. These findings shed novel theoretical light on the study of serial murder in South Africa. It suggests directions for research into the role of narrative and culture in offending, and for the study of the imago as an embodied mode of interpersonal interaction. It also offers opportunities for research aiming to support offender profiling, and proposes a possible synthesis of competing conceptions of serial murder. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Psychology / unrestricted

The thesis deals with the concept of criminal thinking which has attracted attention mainly of foreign forensic psychologists in the last few years, primarily for its proven relation with antisocial behavior and for the possibility of being influenced by changing the antisocial attitudes and because it also seems to be an effective recidivism predictor. The thesis aims to map the specifics of criminal thinking by using PICTS-cz in violent crime offenders and to deepen the understanding of the concept of criminal thinking in our conditions. The goal of the theoretical part is to introduce and broadly outline the area of the entire criminal thinking phenomenon which does not have a uniform definition. For a complex understanding of the issue, attention is paid to definition of the most important concepts related to the topic, its relations with sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics of committed crimes and other psychological phenomena, and also the issue of violent crime is introduced. Research survey is implemented in 138 convicted violent crime offenders. The results present their specific characteristics of criminal thinking which are then compared mainly with foreign samples for a demonstration of their most significant differences. Attention is also paid to the specifics of criminal...

The thesis deals with the concept of criminal thinking which has attracted attention mainly of foreign forensic psychologists in the last few years, primarily for its proven relation with antisocial behavior and for the possibility of being influenced by changing the antisocial attitudes and because it also seems to be an effective recidivism predictor. The thesis aims to map the specifics of criminal thinking by using PICTS-cz in violent crime offenders and to deepen the understanding of the concept of criminal thinking in our conditions. The goal of the theoretical part is to introduce and broadly outline the area of the entire criminal thinking phenomenon which does not have a uniform definition. For a complex understanding of the issue, attention is paid to definition of the most important concepts related to the topic, its relations with sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics of committed crimes and other psychological phenomena, and also the issue of violent crime is introduced. Research survey is implemented in 138 convicted violent crime offenders. The results present their specific characteristics of criminal thinking which are then compared mainly with foreign samples for a demonstration of their most significant differences. Attention is also paid to the specifics of criminal...

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Syftet med följande uppsats är att undersöka hur unga kvinnor resonerar kringvarför de konsumerar true crime samt på vilka sätt de beskriver att konsumtionenpåverkar deras rädsla att utsättas för våldsbrott. Uppsatsen syftar även till attundersöka hur unga kvinnor framställer kopplingen mellan kvinnorssocialiseringsprocess och deras rädsla att utsättas för våldsbrott, i relation tillderas konsumtion av true crime. En kvalitativ ansats har tillämpats i form avfokusgruppsintervjuer för att besvara uppsatsens syfte och frågeställningar.Reflexiv tematisk analys har använts för att analysera materialet. Den tematiskaanalysen resulterade i tre identifierade teman. Det första temat var Lockelsen avtrue crime. De huvudsakliga resultaten för detta tema var att deltagarnakonsumerar true crime för att få förståelse för gärningspersoners motiv ochhandlingar, kunskap om vilka beteenden de ska tillämpa och vilka typer avpersoner de ska undvika för att förhindra att utsättas för brott, samt underhållning.Tema två var Faktorer som påverkar rädsla, där resultaten visade att deltagarnadiskuterade att konsumtion av true crime påverkade deras rädsla att utsättas förvåldsbrott på olika sätt. Främst geografisk- och tidsmässig närhet till brottsoffrensom porträtteras, samt identifiering med brottsoffren var faktorer som gjordedeltagarna mer rädda att utsättas för våldsbrott. Deltagarna kopplade även truecrime innehåll till sin egen verklighet och sin risk att utsättas för brott. Det tredjetemat var Beteende en som konsekvens av true crime och resultaten från dettatema visade att deltagarna beskriver förändringar i deras beteende efter att debörjat konsumera true crime, i form av skyddande och undvikande beteenden. / This bachelor thesis aims to investigate how young women discuss the purposesbehind true crime consumption and how they describe the impact of true crimeconsumption has on their fear of violent crimes. Furthermore, the thesis aims toinvestigate in which ways young women depict the association between women’ssocialization processes and their fear of violent crime, in relation to true crimeconsumption. A qualitative approach has been applied and the thesis aims andresearch questions were answered with the help of focus groups. Reflexivethematic analysis constituted the method of analysis which resulted in threecentral themes. The first being The appeal of true crime. The main results of thistheme showed that the participants consume true crime content to gain anunderstanding of the perpetrators’ motives and actions, knowledge regardingwhich behaviors to adapt in order to avoid victimization, and entertainment. In thesecond theme, Factors that impact fear of crime, the participants discussed thattrue crime consumption impacted their fear of violent crime in diverse ways.Spatial- and temporal proximity to the cases being depicted in true crime contentwas a main factor that contributed to heightened fear. Furthermore, theparticipants connected true crime content to their own reality and their riskassessment in relation to victimization. The third theme was defined as Behaviorsas a consequence of true crime consumption. Results from this theme showed thatthe participants describe changes in their behavior as a consequence of their truecrime consumption. Mainly the behavioral changes consisted of protective andavoidant behavior.