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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Improving differential diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction

Bernstein, Sarah Mae 12 September 2014 (has links)
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess whether the factors historically presented in the literature to differentiate vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) from breathing difficulties of other etiologies accurately predict and identify patients who have VCD. The researchers were also interested in whether patients with VCD have a higher risk of misdiagnosis than patients with breathing difficulties of other etiologies. Finally, the present study investigated whether patients with VCD were more likely to have their symptoms attributed to psychological factors than patients with breathing difficulties of other etiologies. Method: A survey comprised of 23 questions regarding the participants’ previous and current diagnoses, triggers that precede breathing difficulty, and whether or not the participants have ever been misdiagnosed was posted to internet support groups, websites, blogs, and forums. The final participant pool included 20 participants with VCD and 25 participants with asthma. Results: None of the factors investigated accurately differentiated participants with asthma from participants with VCD one hundred percent of the time. However, participants with VCD were more likely to report throat tightness during an attack, association of an attack with symptoms of acid reflux, and rapid resolution of symptoms without treatment. Conversely, participants with asthma were more likely to report expiratory stridor and chest tightness, full resolution of symptoms with use of asthma medications, nocturnal symptoms or symptoms just after waking, and symptoms that seemed to be triggered by environmental agents or allergens. Preliminary findings from the present study suggest that patients with VCD are both more likely to receive a misdiagnosis and have their symptoms attributed to psychological factors than participants with asthma. Conclusion: A diagnosis of VCD must be made very carefully, ideally with instrumental evaluation of the vocal mechanism during an acute “attack” of breathing difficulty. The factors identified in the literature to differentially diagnose patients with asthma from patients with VCD do not accurately differentiate these populations. These findings suggest that continued education about the nature of VCD and differential diagnosis should be paramount to medical professionals. / text
2

The Role of Biomechanics in the Idiopathic Onset of Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis

Williams, Megan J. January 2014 (has links)
The vocal folds are important for protection of the airway during swallowing, the regulation of breathing and for voice production. Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVP) is caused by damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Although surgery is most often linked to onset of UVP, the cause remains unknown in 12-42% of those with this disorder [1, 2]. At the level of the aortic arch the RLN branches from the vagus nerve and courses around the arch to ascend back toward the larynx. I hypothesize that an aneurysm of the aorta or alternatively changes in aortic arch compliance could impose increased stress and strain on the RLN where it is adjacent to the aorta resulting in impaired nerve function. The purpose of this research is to develop a computational model based on the biomechanical properties of the left RLN. This model is important for formulating predictions of the typical ranges of stress and strain responses of RLN tissue to forces imposed by surrounding structures (aortic arch). These predictions may be important for future investigations using an animal model to determine the amount of stretch necessary to cause onset of UVP. The first aim of this work was to identify differences in the biomechanical properties in the RLN of piglets between its location within the neck and the portion of the left RLN within the thorax, including the aortic arch region. The distal right RLN segment showed higher maximum tangential modulus (MTM) than the left. With the left nerve the proximal segment (aortic arch region) exhibited higher values of MTM and the stiffness parameter β than the distal segment. This increased stiffness of the proximal region may be in response to the pulsatile forces near the region of the aortic arch. The second aim of this work was to identify difference in the biomechanical properties in adolescent and piglet RLN specimens, between age and between the proximal and distal segments. Additionally the collagen structure of the RLN was imaged with two-photon microscopy to compare the microstructure with the biomechanical response of the RLN tissue. The tangential modulus (TM) and full width half maximum of the collagen fiber distribution (FWHM) was larger in the proximal segments than the distal segments. The strain energy and stiffness parameter α were larger in the piglet than the adolescent pigs while the stiffness parameter β was larger in the adolescent pigs. The purpose of the third aim was to use the material constants from the second aim to create a parametric computational model of the left RLN and the aortic arch. Results indicated that the parameters with the greatest sensitivity to left RLN maximum principal stress and strain are the material properties of the aortic arch. The maximum value of strain found in the RLN region of interest was 16.1%, which may indicate that some combination of aortic arch and RLN properties can elicit damage in the RLN.
3

Idiopathic Subglottic Tracheal Stenosis Misdiagnosed As Vocal Cord Dysfunction and Successfully Treated with Laser and Controlled Radial Expansion Balloon Dilation

Karakattu, Sajin M., Vijayan, Karthik, Haddad, Ibrahim, El Abbassi, Adel 16 April 2020 (has links)
Idiopathic tracheal stenosis (ITS) is a rare condition, and diagnosis of exclusion should be suspected in patients with exercise intolerance, wheezing, and dyspnea on exertion with a flow-volume loop suggestive of fixed airway obstruction. We report a case of a 32-year-old asthmatic woman with an existing diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction and previous normal CT scan of the neck. She continued to have fixed upper airway obstruction on repeated flow-volume loops with persistent wheezing and cough along with occasional stridor and hoarseness of voice despite appropriate management of her asthma. She was finally diagnosed with ITS on a repeat CT scan of the neck for which she underwent laser surgery, steroid injection, and controlled radial expansion balloon dilation with a successful reduction of stenosis. This case illustrates the importance of clinical suspicion for early diagnosis of ITS in poorly controlled asthmatic patients and the relevance of non-surgical management of this condition.
4

Efeito da injeção do biopolímero da cana-de-açúcar na prega vocal de coelhos: estudo comparativo com a hidroxiapatita de cálcio / Effect of sugarcane biopolymer injected in rabbit vocal fold: comparative study with calcium hydroxyapatite

Vasconcelos, Silvio José de 10 December 2014 (has links)
A insuficiência glótica é uma condição clínica caracterizada pelo fechamento inadequado das pregas vocais durante a fonação ou a deglutição. Nos casos mais leves, os pacientes são geralmente encaminhados para tratamento fonoterápico. Nos casos com sintomas mais importantes ou insucesso na fonoterapia, o tratamento cirúrgico se faz necessário. A melhor abordagem cirúrgica para a insuficiência glótica vem sendo debatida há mais de um século. As injeções laringoplásticas são procedimentos tecnicamente simples e com possibilidade de realização sob regime ambulatorial, no entanto seus resultados não são sempre previsíveis. Esses procedimentos também trazem consigo a possibilidade de rigidez da mucosa vocal por causa da reação inflamatória ao material utilizado. Apesar do crescente interesse por procedimentos ambulatoriais na laringologia e da popularização das injeções laringoplásticas, é sabido que se carece de materiais de melhor qualidade para resultados ainda mais consistentes. O surgimento do biopolímero de cana-de-açúcar (BPCA) e as pesquisas sobre seu uso em outras especialidades médicas apontaram para a possibilidade de que o referido material possa ser adequado ao uso nas injeções laringoplásticas. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido para estudar a reação inflamatória causada pela injeção do BPCA na prega vocal de coelhos e comparar com a reação causada pela hidroxiapatita de cálcio (HCa). Para tal, foi procedida a injeção de 0,1mL HCa e BPCA na forma de gel nas pregas vocais direita e esquerda, respectivamente, de coelhos machos adultos da raça Oryctolagus cuniculus. Os coelhos foram divididos em dois grupos de 15, os quais foram sacrificados com 3 e 12 semanas. Após o sacrifício, foi feita a remoção e o processamento do material a ser estudado. Nos cortes histológicos foram avaliados os parâmetros de intensidade e composição celular do processo inflamatório, neovascularização, fibrogênese e alterações inflamatórias na mucosa vocal. Observou-se que a HCa e o BPCA desencadearam reação inflamatória por células do grupo linfomononuclear semelhantes em ambos os períodos analisados. A HCa desencadeou uma reação inflamatória por células gigantes intensa em todas as amostras e significativamente mais importante que o BPCA em ambos os períodos estudados. O BPCA apresentou reação inflamatória por células do grupo polimorfonucleares mais intensa do que a HCa apenas 3 semanas após a injeção. Não houve diferença entre as duas substâncias no que concerne à formação de tecido fibroso no leito cirúrgico após 3 e 12 semanas. Houve uma maior neoformação vascular com a injeção de BPCA comparado com a HCa após 3 semanas do procedimento. Não houve diferença estatística nessa variável após 12 semanas. Com relação às alterações inflamatórias da mucosa, não houve diferença significativa entre as substâncias nos três parâmetros estudados: integridade do epitélio, infiltrado inflamatório e presença de fibras colágenas na região submucosa. Conclui-se que, enquanto a HCa desencadeia uma reação inflamatória mediada por células gigantes, mais intensa e duradoura, o BPCA apresenta uma resposta por polimorfonucleares, assim como uma neoformação vascular mais importantes apenas após 3 semanas da injeção. Outros estudos devem ser realizados para avaliar o potencial do uso do BPCA no tratamento da insuficiência glótica / The glottal insufficiency is a clinical condition featured by abnormal closure of vocal folds during the process of phonation or deglutition. In most mild, cases patients are usually referred to speech therapy. In those cases presenting more relevant symptoms or failure in speech therapy, the surgical procedure is mandatory. The best surgical approach for glottal insufficiency has been debated over the past one hundred years. Laryngoplastic injections are technically simple procedures and possible to be performed in an outpatient basis, however their results are not always predictable. Such procedures may also present stiffness in the vocal mucosa due to the inflammatory reaction to the material which has been used. Despite of the fact that the growing interest in outpatient basis procedures in laryngology as well as the popularization of laryngoplastic injections, it is well known the lack of better quality materials for inducing much more consistent results. The arising of sugarcane biopolymer (SCB) along with researches on its use in other medical specialties demonstrated that there is a possibility for adequately using the mentioned material in laryngoplastic injections. The present work has been developed for the purpose of studying the inflammatory reaction which is caused by sugarcane biopolymer (SCB) injected in rabbits vocal folds as well as comparing to that reaction caused by calcium hydroxyapatite (HCa). For this experiment adult male rabbits from the race Oryctolagus cuniculus have been used, thus, 0.1 ml of HCa and of SCB in gel form were injected in their right and left vocal folds respectively. Rabbits have been divided into two groups of 15 each which were sacrificed at 3 and 12 weeks. After sacrifice, the vocal cords were removed and processed in order to be studied. Parameters as intensity and cellular composition in the inflammatory process, neovascularization, fibrogenesis as well as inflammatory alterations of vocal mucosa have been analyzed in histological pieces. It has been observed that HCa and SCB triggered an inflammatory reaction by lymphomononuclear group cells which are similar in the analysis of both periods. HCa triggered an inflammatory reaction by giant cells being intense in all of the samples and significantly more relevant as compared to SCB in the study of both periods. SCB presented an inflammatory reaction by polymorphonuclear group cells which was more intense as compared to HCa in just three weeks after injection. There was no difference between the two substances concerning the fibrous tissue building-up after three and twelve weeks. There was a larger vascular neoformation when injecting SCB as compared to HCa injection three weeks after procedure. There was no statistical difference in such a variable after twelve weeks. In respect of mucosa inflammatory changes, there was no significant difference between the substances by studying those three parameters as follows: epithelial integrity, inflammatory infiltrate and the presence of collagenous fibers in the submucosal region. In conclusion, while HCa triggers an inflammatory reaction mediated by giant cells which is more intense and lasting, SCB in its turn presents a more prevalent response by polymorphonuclear cells as well as by a vascular neoformation just three weeks after injection. Other studies should be done in order to evaluate the potential use of SCB in treating glottal insufficiency
5

Protocolo de cooperação fonoaudiológica para nasofibrolaringoscopia funcional de pacientes com imobilidade de prega vogal pós-tireoidectomia (PNF) / Cooperation speech-language protocol for the functional fiberoptic laryngoscopy of the vocal folds immobility after thyroidectomy (PNF)

Ciocchi, Priscila Esteves 06 August 2008 (has links)
Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi a proposição de um protocolo de cooperação fonoaudiológica para nasofibrolaringoscopia funcional de pacientes com imobilidade de prega vocal pós-tireoidectomia (PNF), visando a composição de um instrumento objetivo, preciso e consensual para avaliação. Métodos: A primeira versão do protocolo foi elaborada a partir de fundamentação bibliográfica; o protocolo foi julgado em duas instâncias pelo método de triangulação por seis juízes em três etapas; foi constituída uma versão piloto do protocolo e aplicada em 11 pacientes; houve novo julgamento de médicos e fonoaudiólogos; a partir da concordância dos juízes, após a aplicação do piloto foi construída a versão final do PNF. Resultados: O protocolo final foi composto por duas partes. A primeira parte, considerada o procedimento padrão, composta por 4 itens imprescindíveis que devem, necessariamente, ser avaliados são: inspiração normal; inspiração forçada; vogal /é/ isolada e sustentada e vogal /i/ aguda isolada e sustentada. A segunda parte, considerada de complementação fonoaudiológica é composta pelos itens que são entendidos como importantes para os fonoaudiólogos como fatores informativos ou preditivos para a eficácia da terapia. Esses itens são: vogal /é/ sustentada e fraca; vogal /é/ sustentada e aguda; vogal /é/ sustentada e grave; vogal /é/ curta com ataque vocal brusco. Conclusões: O PNF, em sua versão final, contribui para a sistematização dos procedimentos de avaliação fundamentados em evidências e concordâncias profissionais e resulta na descrição de itens a serem solicitados durante a avaliação médica e fonoaudiológica no exame de nasofibrolaringoscopia da alteração da mobilidade laríngea em doenças da tireóide / Purpose: The purpose of the study was to propose a cooperation speechlanguage protocol for the functional fiberoptic laryngoscopy of the vocal folds immobility after thyroidectomy (PNF), with the intention of having an objective, precise and consensual instrument for this assessment. Method: The first version of the protocol was elaborated based on data found in the literature; the protocol was judged in two instances, using the triangulation method, by six judges in three moments; a pilot version was presented and applied in 11 patients; it was then judged again by doctors and speech-language pathologists; based on the analysis of the judges and after the application of the pilot version, the final version of the PNF was proposed. Results: The final protocol was composed by two parts. The first part, considered a standard procedure, is composed by 4 essential items that necessarily should be evaluated: normal inspiration; forced inspiration; vowel /é/ isolated and sustained; and sharp vowel /i/, isolated and sustained. The second part, considered a speech-language complementation, is composed by items that should be understood as being important for speech-language pathologists as they are informative or predictive of the effectiveness of therapy: vowel /é/ sustained and weak; vowel /é/ sustained and sharp; vowel /é/ sustained and deep; vowel /é/ short with abrupt vocal onset. Conclusions: The PNF, in its final version, contributes for the systematization of the assessment procedures based on evidence and on the agreement of professionals it results in the description of items to be obtained during medical and speech-language assessment during the fiberopticlaryngoscopy evaluation of larynx mobility in thyroid illnesses.
6

Estudo histológico dos efeitos da lesão com laser diodo 980 nm e 1470 nm em pregas vocais de coelhos / Histological study on the effect of diode laser 980 nm and 1470 nm in vocal folds in a rabbit model

Neri, Larissa 11 December 2018 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Os lasers têm sido utilizados em microcirurgia de laringe, permitindo corte e coagulação simultâneos que, em alguns casos, pode favorecer uma cirurgia exangue e mais precisa. Do ponto de vista vocal, o resultado cirúrgico ideal é aquele em que a lesão é removida com menor dano possível ao tecido adjacente, já que uma cicatrização inadequada da prega vocal pode resultar em disfonia de difícil reparação. O dano colateral dos lasers nos tecidos depende, entre outros fatores, do tipo de laser e de seu comprimento de onda. O laser diodo, quando comparado aos lasers mais utilizados em microcirurgias de laringe, tem como vantagens ser portátil, silencioso, transmite radiação através de uma fibra óptica fina e flexível o que facilita a manipulação do instrumento pelo cirurgião. Entretanto, as reações cicatriciais causadas pelo uso dos diferentes comprimentos de onda do laser diodo (980 nm e 1470 nm) nas pregas vocais ainda não foram estudadas. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar os efeitos histológicos da variação do comprimento de onda do laser de diodo de 980 nm e 1470 nm, no processo de cicatrização de pregas vocais de coelhos, em 7 e 30 dias após a lesão. MÉTODO: Vinte coelhos machos da raça New Zealand foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos, com cinco animais em cada grupo. Em cada prega vocal foi realizada uma única lesão por 7 segundos, através do contato da ponta da fibra do laser com a superfície do tecido. De um lado, o laser foi ajustado ao comprimento de onda de 980 nm e na prega vocal contralateral 1470nm. Nos grupos I e III, o modo de entrega de energia foi pulsado, enquanto que, nos grupos II e IV, foi contínuo. Após 30 dias (grupos I e II) e 7 dias (grupos III e IV) as laringes foram excisadas e submetidas a coloração com hematoxilina-eosina, além de coloração para colágeno e elastina. A análise histológica realizada foi quantitativa e subjetiva. RESULTADOS: Com o uso do laser diodo foi observado que o tecido apresentava sinais de manipulação (presença de reepitelização e presença de tecido de granulação com fibroblastos). Não foram observadas formações de úlceras, bolhas ou necrose. A extensão linear da lesão fibrótica apresentou diferença significativa, entre os dois comprimentos de onda, sendo maior no laser 980nm, que receberam feixes de laser no modo pulsado, em coelhos sacrificados 7 dias após a lesão. A densidade das fibras colágenas apresentou-se elevada ao uso do laser 1470 nm no mesmo grupo de animais. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de laser diodo demonstrou maior extensão da lesão fibrótica (laser 980 nm, modo pulsado) e maior densidade de colágeno (laser 1470 nm, modo pulsado), em animais na fase inicial (7 dias) da cicatrização. No entanto, ao analisarmos a evolução da cicatrização, tal padrão não fora observado ao longo dos 30 dias. Desta forma, a variação do comprimento de onda do laser diodo, não causou diferenças histológicas significativas na cicatrização inicial / INTRODUCTION: Lasers have been used in endolaryngeal microsurgery, allowing simultaneous cutting and coagulation which, in some cases, may favor a bloodless and more accurate surgery. From a vocal point of view, the ideal surgical outcome is one in which the lesion is removed with the lowest possible damage to the adjacent tissue, since inadequate healing of the vocal fold may result in dysphonia that may be difficult to repair. The collateral damage of the lasers in the tissues depends, among other factors, on the type of laser and its wavelength. The diode laser, when compared to the lasers most used in laryngeal microsurgery, has the advantages of being portable, silent and to the fact it transmits radiation through a thin and flexible optical fiber, which facilitates the manipulation of the instrument by the surgeon. However, the cicatricial reactions caused by the use of different diode laser wavelengths (980 nm and 1470 nm) in the vocal folds have not been studied. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to study the histological effects of diode laser wavelength variation of 980nm and 1470 nm in the healing process of vocal folds of rabbits, 7 and 30 days after the injury. METHOD: Twenty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into four groups, with five animals in each group. In each vocal fold, a single spot injury was performed during 7 seconds, through the contact of the tip of the laser fiber with the surface of the tissue. On one side, the laser was adjusted to the wavelength of 980 nm and on the contralateral vocal fold, 1470 nm. In groups I and III, the mode of energy delivery was pulsed, whereas in groups II and IV, it was continuous. After 30 days (groups I and II) and 7 days (groups III and IV) the larynx were excised and stained with hematoxylineosin, in addition to staining for collagen and elastin. The histological analysis was quantitative and subjective. RESULTS: With the use of diode laser, the tissue showed signs of manipulation (presence of reepithelialization and presence of granulation tissue with fibroblasts). No ulcer, blister or necrosis formations were observed. The linear extension of the fibrotic lesion showed a significant difference between the two wavelengths, being higher in the 980 nm laser, which received laser beams in the pulsed mode, in rabbits sacrificed 7 days after the lesion. The density of the collagen fibers was elevated to the use of the 1470 nm laser in the same group of animals. CONCLUSION: The use of diode laser showed a greater extension of the fibrotic lesion (980 nm laser, pulsed mode) and a higher density of collagen (laser 1470 nm, pulsed mode) in animals in the initial phase (7 days) of wound healing. However, when we analyzed the evolution of healing, such pattern had not been observed during the 30 days. Thus, the variation of wavelength of the diode laser did not cause significant histological differences in the initial healing of the vocal folds
7

Protocolo de cooperação fonoaudiológica para nasofibrolaringoscopia funcional de pacientes com imobilidade de prega vogal pós-tireoidectomia (PNF) / Cooperation speech-language protocol for the functional fiberoptic laryngoscopy of the vocal folds immobility after thyroidectomy (PNF)

Priscila Esteves Ciocchi 06 August 2008 (has links)
Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi a proposição de um protocolo de cooperação fonoaudiológica para nasofibrolaringoscopia funcional de pacientes com imobilidade de prega vocal pós-tireoidectomia (PNF), visando a composição de um instrumento objetivo, preciso e consensual para avaliação. Métodos: A primeira versão do protocolo foi elaborada a partir de fundamentação bibliográfica; o protocolo foi julgado em duas instâncias pelo método de triangulação por seis juízes em três etapas; foi constituída uma versão piloto do protocolo e aplicada em 11 pacientes; houve novo julgamento de médicos e fonoaudiólogos; a partir da concordância dos juízes, após a aplicação do piloto foi construída a versão final do PNF. Resultados: O protocolo final foi composto por duas partes. A primeira parte, considerada o procedimento padrão, composta por 4 itens imprescindíveis que devem, necessariamente, ser avaliados são: inspiração normal; inspiração forçada; vogal /é/ isolada e sustentada e vogal /i/ aguda isolada e sustentada. A segunda parte, considerada de complementação fonoaudiológica é composta pelos itens que são entendidos como importantes para os fonoaudiólogos como fatores informativos ou preditivos para a eficácia da terapia. Esses itens são: vogal /é/ sustentada e fraca; vogal /é/ sustentada e aguda; vogal /é/ sustentada e grave; vogal /é/ curta com ataque vocal brusco. Conclusões: O PNF, em sua versão final, contribui para a sistematização dos procedimentos de avaliação fundamentados em evidências e concordâncias profissionais e resulta na descrição de itens a serem solicitados durante a avaliação médica e fonoaudiológica no exame de nasofibrolaringoscopia da alteração da mobilidade laríngea em doenças da tireóide / Purpose: The purpose of the study was to propose a cooperation speechlanguage protocol for the functional fiberoptic laryngoscopy of the vocal folds immobility after thyroidectomy (PNF), with the intention of having an objective, precise and consensual instrument for this assessment. Method: The first version of the protocol was elaborated based on data found in the literature; the protocol was judged in two instances, using the triangulation method, by six judges in three moments; a pilot version was presented and applied in 11 patients; it was then judged again by doctors and speech-language pathologists; based on the analysis of the judges and after the application of the pilot version, the final version of the PNF was proposed. Results: The final protocol was composed by two parts. The first part, considered a standard procedure, is composed by 4 essential items that necessarily should be evaluated: normal inspiration; forced inspiration; vowel /é/ isolated and sustained; and sharp vowel /i/, isolated and sustained. The second part, considered a speech-language complementation, is composed by items that should be understood as being important for speech-language pathologists as they are informative or predictive of the effectiveness of therapy: vowel /é/ sustained and weak; vowel /é/ sustained and sharp; vowel /é/ sustained and deep; vowel /é/ short with abrupt vocal onset. Conclusions: The PNF, in its final version, contributes for the systematization of the assessment procedures based on evidence and on the agreement of professionals it results in the description of items to be obtained during medical and speech-language assessment during the fiberopticlaryngoscopy evaluation of larynx mobility in thyroid illnesses.
8

Sintomas vocais referidos e videolaringoscopia de docentes da educação básica / Symptoms referred to voice and teachers of videolatyngoscopy of basci education

Brito, Alessandra Regina 24 April 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-12-04T10:03:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Alessandra Regina Brito - 2015.pdf: 3892729 bytes, checksum: 9a222f0736a2ac9409187a30cab6da89 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-12-04T10:06:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Alessandra Regina Brito - 2015.pdf: 3892729 bytes, checksum: 9a222f0736a2ac9409187a30cab6da89 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-04T10:06:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Alessandra Regina Brito - 2015.pdf: 3892729 bytes, checksum: 9a222f0736a2ac9409187a30cab6da89 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-24 / The teaching profession is one that have a higher incidence of changes and vocal symptoms. This thesis built on the model of scientific articles, features sociodemographic profile of Basic Education teachers and examines associations between vocal symptoms reported in perception protocols, with videolaryngoscopy. Descriptive, cross-sectional study with 107 female teachers, active in seven public schools in Goiânia. The theme of the literature review investigated using the teaching descriptors, voice, dysphonia, vocal cord dysfunction and video laryngoscopy, in the databases PubMed, LILACS, SciELO included studies in English and Portuguese, in the period 2001-2015. Of the 174 publications found, 135 were excluded and 17 were part of the integrative review. Among the symptoms reported, hoarseness was the most cited and the examination videolaryngoscopy, the most widely used, but the exams analysis parameters, were not unanimous. Among the laryngeal disorders, they stood out glottal slit, nodules and laryngopharyngeal reflux. The second article presents the results of research, including sociodemographic profile and the association of self-perception of vocal symptoms reported by teachers, with the analyzes of videolaryngoscopy. The instruments were questionnaire and protocols Voice Disorder Screening Index, Profile Participation and Activities Vocals and videolaryngoscopy record. There was aged predominantly between 40 and 49 years, and 72 (67%) worked in elementary school, 23 (21%) Education Infant and Nursery, 12 (11%) in Special Education. For the working time 33 (31%) teach between 1-10 years, 46 (43%) of 11-20 years and 28 (26%) over 20 years. With regard to the shift, 56 (52%) in a working period, 46 (43%) in two and 5 (5%) for over two periods or shifts. The prevalence of teachers with vocal symptoms reported 82 (77%) and 44 (41%) with laryngeal changes to videolaryngoscopy. Data were described by bivariate analysis and odds ratios finding significance between hoarseness symptoms (p = 0.005), loss of voice (p = 0.042), and breaks in the voice (p = 0.002). On examination videolaryngoscopic, 19 (18%) teachers showed signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux, 16 (15%) nodules, 5 (5%) and slot 4 (4%) vocal fold polyps associated with symptoms of hoarseness, loss of voice and breaks voice (p <0.05). There was significance between hoarseness symptoms (p = 0.005), loss of voice (p = 0.042), and breaks in the voice (p = 0.002) compared to videolaryngoscopic findings. Vocal fatigue (21%) was the most vocal symptom referred by teachers. There was no significant association between the sociodemographic data and laryngeal alterations found in videolaryngoscopy. Conclusion: In the literature review, there were no publications that associate the protocols Voice Disorder Screening Index (IDTV) and Profile Participation and Voice Activity (VAPP) to take videolaringoscopia.Este study revealed a significant association between vocal symptoms hoarseness, loss of voice and breaks the voice raised by teachers with laryngeal alterations found in videolaryngoscopy. However, teachers were identified with symptoms and changes to videolaryngoscopy, as well as teachers with symptoms and without changes to the exam and teachers without symptoms, but with examination of changes laryngoscopy, as well as limitations and restrictions in daily activities, in the presence of voice disorders . / A profissão docente é uma das que apresentam maior incidência de alterações e sintomas vocais. A presente tese construída no modelo de artigos científicos, caracteriza o perfil sócio-demográfico de docentes da Educação Básica e analisa as associações entre os sintomas vocais referidos em protocolos de autopercepção, com o exame de videolaringoscopia. Estudo descritivo, transversal, com 107 docentes do sexo feminino, atuantes em sete escolas municipais de Goiânia. A revisão de literatura do tema investigado, utilizando os descritores docente, voz, disfonia, disfunção da prega vocal e videolaringoscopia, nas bases de dados do PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, incluiu estudos nos idiomas Inglês e Português, no período de 2001 a 2015. Das 174 publicações encontradas, 135 foram excluídas e 17 fizeram parte da revisão integrativa. Dentre os sintomas referidos, a rouquidão foi o mais citado e o exame videolaringoscopia, o mais utilizado, porém os parâmetros de análise dos exames, não foram unânimes. Entre os distúrbios da laringe, destacaram-se fenda glótica, nódulos e refluxo laringofaríngeo. O segundo artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa, incluindo o perfil sociodemográfico e a associação da autopercepção dos sintomas vocais relatados pelas docentes, com as análises do exame de videolaringoscopia. Os instrumentos aplicados foram questionário e os protocolos Índice de Triagem do Distúrbio de Voz, Perfil de Participação e Atividades Vocais e registro de videolaringoscopia. Observou-se predomínio de faixa etária entre 40 a 49 anos, sendo que 72(67%) lecionavam no Ensino Fundamental, 23(21%) Educação Infantil e Berçário, 12(11%) em Ensino Especial. Para o tempo de trabalho 33(31%) lecionam entre 1-10 anos, 46(43%) entre 11-20 anos e 28(26%) mais de 20 anos. Com relação ao turno de trabalho, 56(52%) trabalhavam em um período, 46 (43%) em dois e 5(5%) em mais de dois turnos ou periodos. Houve prevalência de docentes com sintomas vocais referidos de 82 (77%) e 44(41%) com alterações de laringe ao exame videolaringoscópico. Os dados foram descritos por análise bivariada e razão de chances encontrando significância entre os sintomas rouquidão (p=0.005), perda na voz (p=0.042) e quebras na voz (p=0.002). No exame videolaringoscópico, 19(18%) docentes apresentaram sinais de refluxo laringofaringeo, 16(15%) nódulos, 5(5%) fenda e 4(4%) pólipo de pregas vocais associados aos sintomas de rouquidão, perda da voz e quebra da voz (p<0.05). Houve significância entre os sintomas rouquidão (p=0.005), perda na voz (p=0.042) e quebras na voz (p=0.002) em relação aos achados videolaringoscópicos. Cansaço ao falar (21%), foi o sintoma vocal mais referido pelas docentes. Não houve associação significativa entre os dados sóciodemograficos e as alterações de laringe encontradas no exame de videolaringoscopia. Conclusão: Na revisão bibliográfica, não foram encontradas publicações que associassem os protocolos Índice de Triagem do Distúrbio de Voz (IDTV) e Perfil de Participação e Atividades Vocais (PPAV) com exame de videolaringoscopia.Este estudo evidenciou associação significativa entre os sintomas vocais rouquidão, perda da voz e quebra da voz referidos pelas docentes com as alterações laríngeas encontradas no exame videolaringoscópico. Contudo, foram identificados docentes com sintomas e alterações ao exame de videolaringoscopia, assim como docentes com sintomas e sem alterações ao exame e docentes sem sintomas, mas com exame de videolaringoscopia alterado, além de limitações e restrições nas atividades diárias, na presença de distúrbios vocais.
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Efeito da injeção do biopolímero da cana-de-açúcar na prega vocal de coelhos: estudo comparativo com a hidroxiapatita de cálcio / Effect of sugarcane biopolymer injected in rabbit vocal fold: comparative study with calcium hydroxyapatite

Silvio José de Vasconcelos 10 December 2014 (has links)
A insuficiência glótica é uma condição clínica caracterizada pelo fechamento inadequado das pregas vocais durante a fonação ou a deglutição. Nos casos mais leves, os pacientes são geralmente encaminhados para tratamento fonoterápico. Nos casos com sintomas mais importantes ou insucesso na fonoterapia, o tratamento cirúrgico se faz necessário. A melhor abordagem cirúrgica para a insuficiência glótica vem sendo debatida há mais de um século. As injeções laringoplásticas são procedimentos tecnicamente simples e com possibilidade de realização sob regime ambulatorial, no entanto seus resultados não são sempre previsíveis. Esses procedimentos também trazem consigo a possibilidade de rigidez da mucosa vocal por causa da reação inflamatória ao material utilizado. Apesar do crescente interesse por procedimentos ambulatoriais na laringologia e da popularização das injeções laringoplásticas, é sabido que se carece de materiais de melhor qualidade para resultados ainda mais consistentes. O surgimento do biopolímero de cana-de-açúcar (BPCA) e as pesquisas sobre seu uso em outras especialidades médicas apontaram para a possibilidade de que o referido material possa ser adequado ao uso nas injeções laringoplásticas. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido para estudar a reação inflamatória causada pela injeção do BPCA na prega vocal de coelhos e comparar com a reação causada pela hidroxiapatita de cálcio (HCa). Para tal, foi procedida a injeção de 0,1mL HCa e BPCA na forma de gel nas pregas vocais direita e esquerda, respectivamente, de coelhos machos adultos da raça Oryctolagus cuniculus. Os coelhos foram divididos em dois grupos de 15, os quais foram sacrificados com 3 e 12 semanas. Após o sacrifício, foi feita a remoção e o processamento do material a ser estudado. Nos cortes histológicos foram avaliados os parâmetros de intensidade e composição celular do processo inflamatório, neovascularização, fibrogênese e alterações inflamatórias na mucosa vocal. Observou-se que a HCa e o BPCA desencadearam reação inflamatória por células do grupo linfomononuclear semelhantes em ambos os períodos analisados. A HCa desencadeou uma reação inflamatória por células gigantes intensa em todas as amostras e significativamente mais importante que o BPCA em ambos os períodos estudados. O BPCA apresentou reação inflamatória por células do grupo polimorfonucleares mais intensa do que a HCa apenas 3 semanas após a injeção. Não houve diferença entre as duas substâncias no que concerne à formação de tecido fibroso no leito cirúrgico após 3 e 12 semanas. Houve uma maior neoformação vascular com a injeção de BPCA comparado com a HCa após 3 semanas do procedimento. Não houve diferença estatística nessa variável após 12 semanas. Com relação às alterações inflamatórias da mucosa, não houve diferença significativa entre as substâncias nos três parâmetros estudados: integridade do epitélio, infiltrado inflamatório e presença de fibras colágenas na região submucosa. Conclui-se que, enquanto a HCa desencadeia uma reação inflamatória mediada por células gigantes, mais intensa e duradoura, o BPCA apresenta uma resposta por polimorfonucleares, assim como uma neoformação vascular mais importantes apenas após 3 semanas da injeção. Outros estudos devem ser realizados para avaliar o potencial do uso do BPCA no tratamento da insuficiência glótica / The glottal insufficiency is a clinical condition featured by abnormal closure of vocal folds during the process of phonation or deglutition. In most mild, cases patients are usually referred to speech therapy. In those cases presenting more relevant symptoms or failure in speech therapy, the surgical procedure is mandatory. The best surgical approach for glottal insufficiency has been debated over the past one hundred years. Laryngoplastic injections are technically simple procedures and possible to be performed in an outpatient basis, however their results are not always predictable. Such procedures may also present stiffness in the vocal mucosa due to the inflammatory reaction to the material which has been used. Despite of the fact that the growing interest in outpatient basis procedures in laryngology as well as the popularization of laryngoplastic injections, it is well known the lack of better quality materials for inducing much more consistent results. The arising of sugarcane biopolymer (SCB) along with researches on its use in other medical specialties demonstrated that there is a possibility for adequately using the mentioned material in laryngoplastic injections. The present work has been developed for the purpose of studying the inflammatory reaction which is caused by sugarcane biopolymer (SCB) injected in rabbits vocal folds as well as comparing to that reaction caused by calcium hydroxyapatite (HCa). For this experiment adult male rabbits from the race Oryctolagus cuniculus have been used, thus, 0.1 ml of HCa and of SCB in gel form were injected in their right and left vocal folds respectively. Rabbits have been divided into two groups of 15 each which were sacrificed at 3 and 12 weeks. After sacrifice, the vocal cords were removed and processed in order to be studied. Parameters as intensity and cellular composition in the inflammatory process, neovascularization, fibrogenesis as well as inflammatory alterations of vocal mucosa have been analyzed in histological pieces. It has been observed that HCa and SCB triggered an inflammatory reaction by lymphomononuclear group cells which are similar in the analysis of both periods. HCa triggered an inflammatory reaction by giant cells being intense in all of the samples and significantly more relevant as compared to SCB in the study of both periods. SCB presented an inflammatory reaction by polymorphonuclear group cells which was more intense as compared to HCa in just three weeks after injection. There was no difference between the two substances concerning the fibrous tissue building-up after three and twelve weeks. There was a larger vascular neoformation when injecting SCB as compared to HCa injection three weeks after procedure. There was no statistical difference in such a variable after twelve weeks. In respect of mucosa inflammatory changes, there was no significant difference between the substances by studying those three parameters as follows: epithelial integrity, inflammatory infiltrate and the presence of collagenous fibers in the submucosal region. In conclusion, while HCa triggers an inflammatory reaction mediated by giant cells which is more intense and lasting, SCB in its turn presents a more prevalent response by polymorphonuclear cells as well as by a vascular neoformation just three weeks after injection. Other studies should be done in order to evaluate the potential use of SCB in treating glottal insufficiency
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Endoskopische Befunde nach Langzeitintubation / Endoscopic findings resulting from long-term intubation

von Krosigk, Valeska 10 June 2020 (has links)
No description available.

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