No description available.

The present Military Service System of Taiwan consists of both Conscription and Recruitment and the period for conscribed serviceman is 1 year and 10 months and earlier discharge may be requested after serving one year. The frequent discharge and new joiners prevent the passing down of skills and experience and it becomes the needs for high quality and specialized manpower can hardly be satisfied. In order to exercise the effectiveness of weapons and equipment, it becomes more a necessity to acquire skillful, specialized manpower for the operations and maintenance of equipment through recruitment. Since 2002 / 2003, Ministry of National Defense started to recruit voluntary servicemen and the outcome is quite poor and recruited only 271 and 128 respectively. In 2005, to meet with the needs of various services, with incentives and preference enlarged, the outcomes are 10228 in 2006 and 15231 in 2007. Number of person recruited has increased significantly. In analyzing the sources of recruited in 2006 and 2007, 50.97% and 60.14% are of social youth and education level are most highly school graduate, 76.21% and 77.89% respectively. In geographical distribution of sources, 40.14% came from southern Taiwan and 9.2% of it from Kaohsiung City, 3.2% from Taipei City. Both the cities are the difficult area. It is reasonable to believe that the source of servicemen when recruitment is implemented overall, young person of high school graduate will be the main source, hence, the key to success of recruitment system will be in promoting their motive to join military services voluntarily. In this study, we target at the young person of Kaohsiung reported camp for military services to study their decision process of volunteer in military services. Through empirical study, we should be able to find out the behavior behind the decision making for young men to opt for voluntary service. The findings should have real effectiveness in the implementation of recruitment system as well as the marketing strategies in recruiting voluntary military service. Marketing in metropolitan areas should bring specialized and quality military servicemen. It is suggested that a proper compensation structure shall be established, working environment shall be improved and fringe benefit shall be in place, and there shall be career planning of assistance in occupational training prior to discharge for building the market incentive for recruitment system. On the other hand, it is necessary to build spiritual value applying market discrimination and attract with skill training to maximize the effectiveness. These approaches will build internal identification and expand to overall recognition, so that the channel of recruitment may be expanded and the message may be passed to help the success of recruitment system.

No description available.

Ever since the promulgation and implementation of Voluntary Service Act, a new milestone has been laid for the work of voluntary service of Taiwan. The work of voluntary service begins to appear in a diversified style, and the development of voluntary service is more prosperous. In fact, voluntary service can compensate the insufficiency of the government¡¦s public services and social welfare service. Through the promotion of voluntary service, the work of voluntary service for social welfare can be facilitated more generally and completely. The study mainly investigates seven aspects, including the development process of the resource recycling volunteers of Shoutian Temple, Gangshan Township, Kaohsiung County, the altruism and utility theory affecting the participation motives of volunteers, etc. The study also finds out how the team of volunteers faces the social and environmental changes, and understands how the groups of voluntary service carry out their work after the Voluntary Service Act was passed and implemented. Employing the way of qualitative study, the researcher participated in the team of volunteers, observed its work, made in-depth interviews with the volunteers, and studied the focus organizations. Focusing on the analysis of the interview data, the following conclusions are made: 1. The background for the establishment of the team of volunteers was that the Matsu Temple of Shoutian Temple proposed the construction of Houlong Pavilion; 2. The team of volunteers was reorganized according to the environmental change; 3. On the basis of mutual trust, the team of volunteers is able to develop smoothly; and 4. The team of volunteers does not carries out its service according to the Voluntary Service Act. The study has made discussions about the community citizens¡¦ participation of the work of voluntary service, the motives for allowing the community citizens to participate voluntary service, the successful example of this team of resource recycling volunteers of Shoutian Temple, and the actual implementation of the Act of Voluntary Service on the groups of voluntary service. These discussions can be the references for the study of the work of voluntary service in the later days. Finally, the study proposes some suggestions for the amendment of the Voluntary Service Act.

Abstract Has several research of voluntary service in recent years in Taiwan, the most subjects are focused on discussed, satisfied on work and tendency of resign or organization commitment, in the other hand, less discussing about characteristic of voluntary service participator and discuss on view of volunteer management. Using questionnaire for research, to analysis the influence from volunteer base property and volunteer¡¦s management to voluntary participator for community concern center in His ¡V Gang township of Tainan county, the main discovery as below: ¢¹. The base property of volunteer in community concern center, the main characteristic is female, marriage and several children, education around three of quarter is focused on graduated from elementary school and junior high school, main for elder and age of voluntary participator around 51-60 years old and over 60 years old; career main for housewife, second for agriculture, fishery and animal husbandry, the salary was not high, volunteer have religious belief mostly and believe in Taoism more than Buddhism. ¢º. Obviously, volunteer quite satisfied in any part of voluntary management, special in volunteer recruit, volunteer planning much more obvious. But the personal welfare aspire and encourage cannot satisfied other psychology and reality layer which special on checking system and reward and punishment system. Has not clear difference in volunteer management form analysis in different marriage, career, different number of children and monthly average salary. Has clear diversity in volunteer management in sexuality, age, education, religious belief and volunteer seniority. ¢». Overall for voluntary management any part has high satisfied, according to regression analysis shows positive influence from volunteer whether continuous participate in voluntary service; therefore, more willing to involve more time and energy on voluntary participation, and then own good evaluation of community and interpersonal relationship lead to honor, self confidence and social responsibility from deep mind, therefore, voluntary management good or not has big influence to attitude of voluntary participator. Key word: voluntary service,volunteer management, voluntary,

The primary aim of this study is to investigate young people´s motives and expectations for participating in the action two “European Voluntary Service” (EVS) under the Youth In Action programme supported by the European Commission at the youth center Villa Elba in Finland. The study also aims to identify which competences the young people think they have developed through EVS. The study consists of one group interview and one focus group interview with ten EVS volunteers in total who accomplish short-term EVS and long term EVS during one month respectively nine months. The methodology is based upon a qualitative research approach and in order to reach a better understanding of the respondents’ motives for participating in EVS, the theories modernity, reflexive project of the self and the individualized society were chosen. The study is also based upon background information about EVS and earlier research. The results indicate that the EVS volunteers’ main motives for participating in EVS were: acquiring new skills, meet new people, and experience an adventure in another country. The most common competence developments turned out to be in the areas of language, social and initiative skills. Moreover, the study demonstrates that many young people in Europe face difficulties in getting into the labour market and becoming independent. The main reason is the economic recession which has severely affected the situation for young people in Europe and this is also confirmed by earlier research. Even though the respondents had positive opinions about their EVS project, criticism was raised towards the European Union´s ideas of creating a feeling of European Citizenship through programmes such as EVS.

Darbe yra apžvelgiama bendruomenės ir savanorystės samprata, savanorystės raiška bendruomenėje, savanorystės formos. Taip pat yra kalbama apie savanorių motyvacijos įtaką ir reikšmę bendruomenių projektinėje dalyje, kaip turi būti organizuojamas savanoriškas darbas, kokie organizavimo etapai pasireiškia. Šio darbo tikslui pasiekti ir pasirinktajai problemai tirti buvo atliktas kokybinis tyrimas. Tyrimas buvo vykdytas Vilniaus mieste. Apklausiami Vilniaus mieste veikiančių socialinių institucijų specialistai ir religinių bendruomenių lyderiai, organizuojantys savanorišką darbą bei turintys ne mažiau trijų metų darbo su savanoriais, projektų rašymo ir bendruomenės organizavimo patirtį. / The work is carried out the survey of conceptions of community and voluntary service, expression of the voluntary service in the community and the forms of voluntary service. Also in the work is reviewed volunteers motivation‘s influence and significance in the community project activities and how the voluntary service should be organised, what organization stages are displayed. The method of qualitative research was used in this work in order to reach the aim of this work and research the chosen problem. Research was done in Vilnius city. In the survey participated specialists from Vilnius social institutions and leaders of religious communities, who organise voluntary work and have not less then 3 years of experience in work with volunteers, project writing and community organization.

社會福利領域運用志願服務者提供服務，已經有很長的一段歷史，各種不同型態的志願服務工作往往扮演社會功能維繫的角色，儘管歷經了世代的轉變，人們對於群己關係互賴依存的需求依然不曾改變。而在政經結構急劇變遷的今日，志工及志願服務組織甚至更成為維繫人與人、地區與地區、乃至政府與民間關係的重要機制。 本研究主要在探討：1、志工對於影響我國地方政府推動志願服務團隊之重要面向及其各構面的評價程度情形。2、探討志工對於地方政府推動志願服務團隊績效的評價程度情形。3、志工的性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、教育程度、職業、宗教信仰、是否參加過志願服務團隊、目前是否同時參加其他的志願服務團隊及參加志願服務的工作時間等個人基本屬性資料，是否會影響我國地方政府推動志願服務團隊之各重要面向及績效的評價程度差異情形之產生？4、影響我國地方政府推動志願服務團隊之重要面向與其績效的關聯性如何？5、影響我國地方政府推動志願服務團隊之各重要面向對績效預測的程度如何？ 本研究係以新竹市社會福利志願服務團隊為研究對象，運用問卷調查法等進行實證研究。從實證分析中，本研究發現志工對影響地方政府推動志願服務團隊之重要面向中之志工的人力資源管理活動及相關配套措施的評價程度較高，而對於志工管理制度及經費補助之評價程度則較低。一般而言，對影響地方政府推動志願服務團隊各重要面向及績效的評價程度上，女性高於男性，中高年齡者高於低年齡者，中等學歷者高於高學歷者，已婚者高於未婚者，參加過志願服務團隊者高於未參加過志願服務團隊者，服務年資深者高於服務年資淺者。另影響地方政府推動志願服務團隊之重要面向及其四個構面均與服務品質、與志願服務團隊互動程度、資源運用的程度、目標達成的程度及績效均有顯著相關存在。再者，對於績效的預測方面，一般而言，以相關配套措施的預測力最佳，經費補助次之。 基於前述的研究發現，為了因應未來志願服務工作的發展，地方政府在推動志願服務團隊工作上政策面應朝向制度明確化、管理合理化、和服務品質化三個方向來發展；另外要加強政府與志願服務團隊的互動關係。而地方政府在推動志願服務工作上所扮演的角色功能與工作重點，則應著重在輔導、資助、監督、諮詢、考核志願服務團隊，以確立各團隊能 依照服務宗旨及能力來提供服務，並透過經費補助、活動補助和培訓志願服務規劃與志工管理人才等方式，來引導與監督志願服務朝有品質的方向發展，以協助推動志願服務工作。 / The field of social welfare has already used volunteers for a very long time. Often all the different types of voluntary service work play the role of holding society together throughout generations of change. Just like in the past, people of today still require groups for mutual reliance and dependence. With the rapid changes occurring within today's political and economic structures, volunteers and voluntary service organizations hold people and districts together to an even greater extent, and so represent an important mechanism in the area of relations between the government and the people. The main points of the research are as follows: 1. Evaluate the extent to which volunteers are able to effect the important aspects and every dimension of our local government promoted voluntary service groups. 2. Inquire into the volunteers' appraisal level of local government promoted voluntary service group achievements. 3. The elicitation of the volunteers' sex, age, marital status, education level, profession, religion. Whether the volunteer has taken part in previous voluntary work. Whether the volunteer is also taking part in other voluntary work, and the amount of time the volunteer is donating to the work. All the above information will be collected for each individual. We hope to see if this information effects how different people evaluate the important aspects and achievements of our local government promoted voluntary service groups. 4. What is the connection effecting the important aspects and achievements of the local government promoted voluntary groups? 5. To what extent do achievement forecasts effect the important aspects of our local government promoted voluntary service groups? The objects of this research are social welfare voluntary service groups in Hsinchu City. An investigative questionnaire is used to carry out actual evidence research. From an analysis of this actual evidence research, it was discovered that volunteers, in relation to our local government promoted voluntary teams, evaluated human resource management activities and related complementary procedures to be comparatively more important than the volunteer system of management and subsidies. Generally speaking, when considering the extent to which the volunteers effected the important aspects and achievements of the local government promoted voluntary service groups, the following conclusions were drawn: - Women were more effective than men. - Middle-aged and senior-aged people were more effective than younger people. - Those educated to a high school level were more effective than those educated to a college level. - Those married were more effective than unmarried volunteers. - Those who had previously taken part in voluntary work were more effective than those who had not. - Those who had volunteered for many years were more effective than those who were new to volunteering. A related existence was displayed between the important aspects of local government promoted voluntary service groups and the following four dimensions: - Service quality - The extent to which voluntary service groups interacted. - The extent to which resources were used. - The extent to which the goals were achieved. Furthermore, concerning the aspect of forecasting achievements, generally speaking, the best forecasts come from related complementary procedures. The next best involve subsidies. Based on the above research discoveries, in order to lead to the development of voluntary service work in the future, the government when promoting voluntary service group work, should develop policy in the areas of system clarification, management rationalization and service qualification. In addition it is necessary to strengthen the relationship between government and voluntary service groups. Local government in order to assist in the promotion of voluntary service work should play the role of and emphasize coaching, provision of financial aid, supervision, consultation and examination. Furthermore, based on the service purpose and abilities of every group, the government should establish the provision of service. This can be done with the aid of subsidies and activity subsidies and through voluntary service training schemes and volunteer management personnel who can guide and supervise the development of quality voluntary services.

¡@¡@The related researches on voluntary services in Taiwan, instead of focusing on psychological extent, such as personality traits, have mainly been centered on its external fields, including volunteer recruitment, training and management. In terms of the research on personality traits, people usually take the paid staff, such as police officers, medical staff, teachers and leaders as the subject. However, unpaid volunteer is not often to be seen in such study based on the big five personality traits or five factor model (FFM). By questionnaires, the basic statuses of volunteers in Kaohsiung Hakka Cultural Museum have been analyzed in this research, as well as the impact of FFM on the motivations of volunteers. The findings are: ¡@¡@A. Most of the volunteers in Hakka Cultural Museum are usually retired with the average age around 50 years old. The status of them is usually married, having 2 or 3 children. The education level is either college, senior high or vocational high school. Their years of services are more than 5 years, and they would provide voluntary services continuously. ¡@¡@B. In the perspective of personality traits, the volunteers in Hakka Cultural Museum are often full of energy (extraversion), with the preference for adventure and discussing popular issues (openness to experience), with the tendency to be cooperative rather then antagonistic (agreeableness), responsible (conscientiousness) and seldom to experience helplessness (emotional stability). ¡@¡@C. The volunteers who provide services with the motivations for self-fulfillment, willingness of learning and interest have the tendencies of extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness. As for the volunteers who provide service due to the introduction of family or friend, or with the motivation for killing time, they have the characteristics of openness to experience. Finally, the volunteers with the motivations for material things have the tendency of neuroticism.

本研究將主要在探討高齡者參與志願服務的充權經驗，本研究不是從運用高齡人力資源的角度出發，而是試圖尋找更多協助高齡者的途徑，所以把焦點放在志願服務對高齡者的影響，並深入探討高齡者在參與志願服務過程中的充權經驗，研究目的有下列幾點： 第一：瞭解高齡志工參與志願服務的動機。 第二：分析高齡志工參與志願服務後的影響及充權結果。 第三：探討高齡志工參與志願服務的過程中，有哪些促成因素促成充權的出現。 本研究採質化研究進行，以深度訪談法來收集資料，主要以台北市三間老人福利服務機構中的高齡志工和志工督導為研究對象，一共訪問了十三位高齡志工和五位主責志工業務的督導，研究發現如下： 一、在充權表徵方面，分為個人、人際和環境層面。個人層面上包含：跳脫「老而無用」負面標籤的形象、自我效能感的提升、不再恐懼老年生活、對生活的掌控感、多元批判性思考的出現，及女性自我意識的發展。在人際層面上包含：積極而正向的家庭互動、試圖開展人際網絡、獲得社會支持，及改善人際溝通的技巧。而環境層面上包含有：開始關心所處環境的議題、能對環境採取控制或行動，以及積極參與政治活動。 二、充權的促成因促方面，分別有人際「互動」中產生的因素。由人際互動中產生的因素包含有：與志工夥伴的互動、與督導或其他工作人員的互動、和服務對象互動的經驗，以及家人、鄰居朋友對志工活動的鼓勵和肯定。由服務過程中產生的因素包含有：「參與」處理問題的過程，及獲得重新省思問題的機會。接觸機構相關資源的因素包含有：參與志工培訓課程，以及得知機構內或外的其他資源。 在研究建議方面，認為高齡志工要能適時轉換對自我的期待，並以自身充權之經驗鼓勵其他高齡朋友參與志願服務；而社會工作者應要多提供高齡志工正向接納老化的相關訊息、重視高齡志工的個別性差異、促進高齡志工批判性思考、瞭解「團體」對高齡志工的充權有關鍵性影響，最後還要常帶動高齡志工關心環境層面的相關議題，並改變社會工作者對自我的定位；而機構要重視運用高齡志工的重要性，並重新瞭解運用志工的益處。