Few research studies have focused on WAC program development. Those that exist do not examine the ideological grounds for programmatic changes. This dissertation explores the dynamics of such changes through a four-year ethnographic study of WAC program development at a small, public, liberal arts college. The study employed extensive participant observation, interviewing, and document collection to trace how curricular and cultural changes around writing take shape and what ideologies and rhetorical practices come into play during that complex change process. The site for the study is of special interest because WAC there was in transition from an informal coalition focused on changing culture and pedagogy to a potentially institutional program equally invested in curricular reform. My study documents the interactions that characterize the change process, using Jenny Edbauer's conception of rhetorical ecology for its explanatory power in non-linear discursive environments. I analyze rhetorical encounters between a wide range of institutional constituents, including administrators and faculty from multiple disciplines. In these encounters, higher education's historic ideologies surface and interact in complex ways with WAC's ideologies. Using critical discourse analysis, I unpack these interactions and ideological multilectics, examining how language and values circulate among multiple users, texts, and sites within the rhetorical ecology of one college, influencing the shape of program developments. WAC scholars suggest that contemporary practitioners need to forge alliances with other cross-curricular initiatives in order for WAC to continue as a viable educational movement. My analysis of how WAC advocates at one college positioned their efforts in relation to other curricular changes reveals both benefits and costs resulting from such alliances. Although alliances can produce significant reforms, working with groups that have divergent ideological premises risks positioning WAC in subordination to others' ideological priorities. Two intertwined strategies appear to mitigate this problem: 1) ideological recentering on WAC's core theoretical commitments and 2) formation of recombinant multilectics by identifying the ideologies in play and considering how, or whether, core WAC ideological commitments align with them. Acts of recentering that incorporate deliberate multilectics may be key survival strategies for WAC programs as they interact with other cross-curricular initiatives.

Directors of WAC, writing programs, and a writing center share tools created for early WAC/WID research, how they were used, what they learned from creating these research tools, and the next steps for moving forward with their research. Attendees will be invited to discuss the creation of their own tools.

Fragment-based drug discovery is an emerging process that has gained popularity in recent years. The process starts from small molecules called fragments. One major step in fragment-based drug discovery is fragment screening, which is a strategy to screen libraries of small molecules to find hits. The strategy in theory is more efficient than traditional high-throughput screening that works with larger molecules. As fragments intrinsically possess weak affinity to a target, detection techniques of high sensitivity to affinity are required for fragment screening. Furthermore, the use of different screening methods is necessary to improve the likelihood of success in finding suitable fragments. Since no single method can work for all types of screening, there is a demand for new techniques. The aim of this thesis is to introduce weak affinity chromatography (WAC) as a novel technique for fragment screening. WAC is, as the name suggests, an affinity-based liquid chromatographic technique that separates compounds based on their different weak affinities to an immobilized target. The higher affinity a compound has towards the target, the longer it remains in the separation unit, and this will be expressed as a longer retention time. The affinity measure and ranking of affinity can be achieved by processing the obtained retention times of analyzed compounds. In this thesis, WAC is studied for fragment screening on two platforms. The first system comprised a 24-channel affinity cartridge that works in cooperation with an eight-needle autosampler and 24 parallel UV detector units. The second system was a standard analytical LC-MS platform that is connected to an affinity column, generally called WAC-MS or affinity LC-MS. The evaluation criteria in studying WAC for fragment screening using these platforms were throughput, affinity determination and ranking, specificity, operational platform characteristics and consumption of target protein and sample. The model target proteins were bovine serum albumin for the first platform, thrombin and trypsin for the latter. Screened fragments were either small molecule drugs, a thrombin-directed collection of compounds, or a general-purpose fragment library. To evaluate WAC for early stages of fragment elaboration, diastereomeric mixtures from a thrombin-directed synthesis project were screened. Although both analytical platforms can be used for fragment screening, WAC-MS shows more useful features due to easy access to the screening platform, higher throughput and ability to analyze mixtures. Affinity data from WAC are in good correlation with IC50 values from enzyme assay experiments. The possibility to distinguish specific from non- specific interactions plays an important role in the interpretation of WAC results. In this thesis, this was achieved by inhibiting the active site of the target protein to measure off-site interactions. WAC proves to be a sensitive, robust, moderate in cost and easy to access technique for fragment screening, and can also be useful in the early stages of fragment evolution. In conclusion, this thesis has demonstrated the proof of principle of using WAC as a new tool to monitor affinity and to select hits in fragment-based drug discovery. This thesis has indicated the primary possibilities, advantages as well as the limitations of WAC in fragment screening procedures.  In the future, WAC should be evaluated on other targets and fragment libraries in order to realize more fully the potential of the technology.

The demands of WWII mobilization led to the creation of the first standing women's army in the US known as the Women's Army Corps (WAC). An unintended consequence of this was that the WAC provided queer women with an environment with which to explore their gender and sexuality while also giving them the cover of respectability and service that protected them from harsh societal repercussions. They could eschew family for their military careers. They could wear masculine clothing, exhibit a masculine demeanor, and engage in a homosocial environment without being seen as subversive to the American way of life. Quite the contrary: the outside world saw them as helping to protect their country. This paper looks at the life of one such queer soldier, Dorothee Gore. Dorothee's letters, journals, and memorabilia demonstrate that for many lesbians of her generation, service in the WACS during WWII was a time of relatively open camaraderie and acceptance by straight society.

Lipodisks, also referred to as polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stabilized bilayer disks, have previously been demonstrated to hold great potential as model membranes in drug partition studies. In this study, an HPLC-MS system with stably immobilized lipodisks is presented. Functionalized lipodisks were immobilized on two different HPLC support materials either covalently by reductive amination or by streptavidin-biotin binding. An analytical HPLC column with immobilized lipodisks was evaluated by analysis of mixtures containing 15 different drug compounds. The efficiency, reproducibility, and stability of the system were found to be excellent. In situ incorporation of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) in immobilized lipodisks on a column was also achieved. Specific binding of COX-1 to the immobilized lipodisks was validated by interaction studies with QCM-D. These results, taken together, open up the possibility of studying ligand interactions with membrane proteins by weak affinity chromatography. / <p>De två (2) första författarna delar förstaförfattarskapet.</p>

Magister Educationis - MEd / This mini-thesis comprises two sections, the what and the how of writing-across-the curriculum (WAC). Section one investigates the integration of writing into content area subjects through the writing process as a project of possibility for critical pedagogy. The view is held that the writing in content area subjects makes learning more meaningful, enjoyable and also empowers students to become critical self-determined thinkers. Students no longer only fill in blanks, choose the correct answer or rely on rote learning when writing in content area subjects, but write creatively and expressively in a variety of discourse forms. In chapter two the literature on WAC is reviewed in depth. The chapter commences with some thoughts on what writing is. Then it investigates the writing process and proceeds to what writing across the curriculum is, with all its merits highlighted. The implementation of writing across the curriculum which involves the whole school as well as a proposed writing across the curriculum policy comprises the main section of the chapter. One of the objectives of this research is to show that implementing the writing process in a content area subject not only improves the standard of writing but also enhances the internalisation of subject matter. A further objective is to illustrate that writing across the curriculum can facilitate change in the classroom. Section two, starting with chapter three, is devoted to the "how" of WAC, and its practical application. Observations in classrooms where writing in content area subjects were done in Missouri schools are described and examples of work done at the schools are cited. In chapter four attention is given to the design and presentation of a writing project in Home Economics based on the standard eight Home Economics syllabus. This classroom research is based on experiential learning. A detailed description of the results is included. The last chapter starts with a dream, an outline of a Home Economics project of possibility for a standard eight Home Economics class. The project is developed around community work to convince students that they can make a difference in the world by showing care and concern for the elderly. The second part of chapter five, deals with constraints with regard to the implementation of a writing programme in Home Economics at the school where I teach. The chapter concludes with recommendations for the implementation of a writing programme in Home Economics.

La recherche a pour objectif d’examiner les pratiques scripturales d’étudiants du cours « séméiologie médicale » inscrits en troisième année de Médecine et de Pharmacie, mais aussi de décrire leurs savoir-faire, les genres d’écrits sollicités, leurs performances et leurs erreurs d’un point de vue compréhensif. Nous avons choisi le domaine médical parce que c’est un contexte où subsiste une multitude de genres d’écrits pratiqués et parce que les études en médecine peuvent donner une image sur ce qui se passe dans une formation disciplinaire à orientation professionnalisante et professionnelle, les études associant à la fois une formation théorique universitaire et une formation pratique professionnelle dont chacune à ses propres spécificités. Ces deux caractéristiques font que le fonctionnement du système disciplinaire médical pose des questions intéressant les didacticiens et les linguistes qui peuvent le décrire et proposer des pistes d’amélioration. Le concept théorique capital de cette étude sur l’écrit disciplinaire et sur la transition vers les pratiques et les genres d’écrits professionnels est celui du « genre disciplinaire » (que nous différencions du genre linguistique fonctionnel ou rhétorique communicatif). Un autre outil théorique convoqué dans cette recherche est le concept de « dysfonctionnement », utile pour une analyse du comportement discursif d’étudiants qui ne soit pas ancré dans une conception déficitaire au regard de la norme. / The research has as objective to examine the scriptural practices of 'medical semeiology' students enrolled in their third year of Medecine and Pharmacy, but also to describe their know-how, the writing types solicited, their performances and their mistakes from a comprehensive point of view. We have chosen the medical domain because it is a field where a multitude of practical writing styles persist and because studies in medecine can illustrate what happens in disciplinary practices with professional-qualification and professional orientation, the studies combining theoretical university practices and practical professional, each having its owns specificities. Questions raised on how the disciplinary medical system functions based on these two characteristics interest didacticiens and linguists who can describe it and propose paths of improvement. The major theoretical concept of this study on disciplinary writing and the transition towards practices and professional kinds (genres) of writing is 'le genre disciplinaire' (that we differentiate from the functional linguistic kind (genre) or the communicative rhetoric). Another theoretical tool used throughout this research is the concept of 'dysfonctionnement', useful for an analysis of students' discursive behaviour, which is not anchored in an over drawn conception of the standard. / اللذين يتناولان "CIREL-Théodile" هذه الدراسة تدخل في إطار برنامج البحث للمختبرين "اللغة والمجتمع" و(DAUNAY , FLUCKIGER والمحتويات المتخصصة (MESSAUDI ,2010a, 2010b, 2013a) اللغيات التقنية.)& HASSAN, 2015C. الممثلة من طرف السيدة " Composition Theory" كما تتعلق هذه الدراسات أيضا بالميدانية الأمريكية2008 ) التي ترتكز أعمالها في دراسة العلاقة بين "الكتابة والمناهج " و "الكتابة , 2010) DONAHNEالتي تعتمد على تحليل الممارسات في إطار وصفي وليس " Les littéracies Universitaires" والتخصصات " ونقديا.وتتناول هذه الأطروحة الممارسات الكتابية للطلبة المسجلين بالسنة الثالثة بكلية الطب والصيدلة بالرباط، تخصص"السينمائية الطبية". كما تقوم هذه الدراسة بوصف مهارات وقدرات الطلبة في الكتابة وأجناسها مبرزة الجوانب الإيجابيةفي ممارساتهم.لقد اخترنا الميدان الطبي لأنه مجال يتضمن العديد من أجناس الكتابة ولأن الدراسة في هذا المجال جديرة بإعطاءصورة واضحة عما يجري في التخصصات ذات الطابع المهني.هذه الدراسة تجمع بين الممارسة النظرية الجامعية والممارسة التطبيقية المهنية، اللتين لكل منهما ميزاتها الخاصة فيماللممارسات، وهاته الميزات تثير أسئلة أخصائيي التعليم (Le système disciplinaire) يتعلق بالنظام الضابط(الديداكتيكيين) واللسانيين فيما يخص النظام التعليمي بغية تدقيق الوصف واقتراح ممارسات بهدف التحسين.إن المفهوم النظري الرئيسي في هذه الدراسة، فيما يخص الكتابة المتخصصة وكذا فيما يتعلق بالانتقال من الممارساتوأجناس الكتابة النظرية الجامعية إلى الممارسات وأجناس الكتابة المهنية، هو " الجنس" ) الذي نفرقه عن الجنس اللغويوالبلاغي التواصلي(.حيث (Le dysfonctionnement) " كما يعالج البحث - وإن كان بدرجة أقل - مفهوما أساسيا آخر ألا وهو " الخللأنه ضروري لتحليل السلوك الكتابي للطلبة في إطار تحليلي ووصفي بغض النظر عن تقويمه والحكم عليه.

<p>Syftet med studien var att fastställa hur man presenterar en pedagogisk text på webben så att den blir tillgänglig, läsbar och användbar för målgruppen. Undersökningen gjordes med en inledande</p><p>forskningsöversikt och därpå följande litteraturstudier. Speciellt värdefull visade sig WCAG 2.0 (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) vara som dessutom ligger till grund för såväl litteratur inom området som för framtagna riktlinjer för svenska myndigheter. Metoder för att mäta graden av tillgänglighet, läsbarhet och användbarhet utvärderas i teoridelen, bland vilka Lix kan nämnas. Därefter skapades en enkel webbsida i enighet med de riktlinjer som</p><p>tagits fram med enkäter, intervjuer och litteraturstudier. Denna webbsida utvärderas med enkäter, intervjuer och tidigare framtagna mätmetoder. Resultatet av studien mynnar ut i en kravlista med punkter som en pedagogisk text för webben bör uppfylla. Denna lista delas in i fyra delar: strävansmål, mål för tillgänglighet, mål för läsbarhet samt mål för användbarhet. Exempel på punkter från kravlistan är: Texten ska vara enkel och lättläst,</p><p>erbjud uppläsning av texten, radavståndet ska vara minst 150% samt information om när dokumentet skapades/ändrades och av vem ska finnas med på webbsidan.</p>

Syftet med studien var att fastställa hur man presenterar en pedagogisk text på webben så att den blir tillgänglig, läsbar och användbar för målgruppen. Undersökningen gjordes med en inledande forskningsöversikt och därpå följande litteraturstudier. Speciellt värdefull visade sig WCAG 2.0 (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) vara som dessutom ligger till grund för såväl litteratur inom området som för framtagna riktlinjer för svenska myndigheter. Metoder för att mäta graden av tillgänglighet, läsbarhet och användbarhet utvärderas i teoridelen, bland vilka Lix kan nämnas. Därefter skapades en enkel webbsida i enighet med de riktlinjer som tagits fram med enkäter, intervjuer och litteraturstudier. Denna webbsida utvärderas med enkäter, intervjuer och tidigare framtagna mätmetoder. Resultatet av studien mynnar ut i en kravlista med punkter som en pedagogisk text för webben bör uppfylla. Denna lista delas in i fyra delar: strävansmål, mål för tillgänglighet, mål för läsbarhet samt mål för användbarhet. Exempel på punkter från kravlistan är: Texten ska vara enkel och lättläst, erbjud uppläsning av texten, radavståndet ska vara minst 150% samt information om när dokumentet skapades/ändrades och av vem ska finnas med på webbsidan.

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