京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第23327号 / 情博第763号 / 新制||情||130(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科通信情報システム専攻 / (主査)教授 守倉 正博, 教授 原田 博司, 教授 大木 英司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

CGI har ett projekt från Skellefteå kommun där de ska mäta trådlösa nätverk hos olika siter för att försöka identifiera problem med frånkoppling från trådlösa nätverket samt tillföra förbättringar.  Mitt uppdrag blev att göra en site survey på trådlösa nätverket hos äldreboende sedan en analys och predictive survey samt förbättringsförslag. Verktyget jag har använt är ekahau PRO och ekahau survey. Platsen jag har mät är Björkhammargården i Jörn. Innan mätningen behövs en rätt skalad planritning vilket jag gjorde på adobe acrobat och ekahau programmet. Det trådlösa nätverket hos äldreboende var mestadels god, täckningen, signalstyrka och trådlösa nätverket var generellt god men en del av området var mindre lämplig och behöver en förbättring, två nya accesspunkter ska installeras. Efter site survey har en predictive survey gjorts, där har jag ritat upp väggar, satt ut accesspunkter för att få god täckning och signalstyrka, kanalplanering och hur transmit power control fungerar.

Mobile handset manufacturers have begun to include wireless LAN (WLAN) interfaces in their cellular handsets. This allows users to access WLAN networks when they are available and to revert to conventional cellular communications otherwise. In this way the handset can dynamically use the "best" available network, by switching connections between the two network interfaces. This switching is referred to as a vertical handoff (VHO). When handling real-time connections, handsets must be capable of performing a seamless vertical handoff. This occurs when the interface switching does not disrupt the quality of service requirements of the active connections. Vertical handoffs are generally time consuming, and this delay creates a difficult problem since WLAN coverage can be lost very abruptly. In this thesis, we propose and investigate several methods of mitigating this problem. A solution based on using a Vertical Handoff Support Node (VHSN) is proposed. When the WLAN link is lost, the VHSN is able to quickly redirect packets through the local cellular base-station during the time that handoff is taking place. This approach can eliminate VHO link loss. It is shown that the act of WLAN-to-cellular handoff can result in a severe bandwidth deficit problem on the WLAN. A novel bandwidth reservation and securing mechanism is proposed which overcomes this problem and performs significantly better than schemes based on modified versions of the static guard channel scheme used in cellular networks. The work is characterized by simulation and analytic models which investigate the key performance aspects of this type of system. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No description available.

Um laut BfS gesundheitliche Wirkungen bei der Handynutzung auszuschließen, sollte die SAR eines Handys 2 W/kg nicht überschreiten. Dieser Höchstwert wurde von der ICNIRP seit 1998 empfohlen. Die deutsche Strahlenschutzkommission und die EU-Kommission schlossen sich dem 1998 bzw. 1999 an und es wurden Normen entworfen, um die Einhaltung des Grenzwertes zu prüfen. Laut Herstellerangaben unterschreiten alle Handys, die im Handel erhältlich sind, den von der ICNRP empfohlenen Grenzwert von 2 W/kg. Nationale und internationale Forschungen haben gezeigt, dass durch elektromagnetische Strahlung keine gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen zu erwarten sind. Explizit für die Nutzung von Mobiltelefonen zeigen jüngste Ergebnisse, dass die Häufigkeit von Hirntumoren nicht erhöht ist. Wer trotzdem seine individuelle Strahlenexposition verringern möchte, kann dies durch die aufgezeigten Beispiele im Alltag leicht realisieren.:Abbildungs- und Tabellenverzeichnis 1 Aufgabe 2 Elektromagnetische Felder 2.1 Überblick 2.2 Hochfrequente elektromagnetische Felder 3 Funktionsweisen von Mobilfunk, WLAN und LAN 3.1 Mobilfunk 3.2 WLAN und LAN 4 SAR-Werte und Gefahren für den menschlichen Organismus 5 Bestimmungen zum Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz 6 Maßnahmen, um individuelle Strahlenexposition zu senken 7 Das Wichtigste im Überblick Literaturverzeichnis / According to the BfS, in order to rule out health effects when using a mobile phone, the SAR of a mobile phone should not exceed 2 W/kg. This maximum level has been recommended by ICNIRP since 1998. The German Radiation Protection Commission and the EU Commission followed suit in 1998 and 1999 respectively and standards were drafted to check compliance with the limit value. According to the manufacturer, all mobile phones that are commercially available fall below the limit of 2 W/kg recommended by the ICNRP. National and international research has shown that no health impairments are to be expected from electromagnetic radiation. Explicitly for the use of mobile phones, recent results show that the incidence of brain tumors is not increased. If you still want to reduce your individual radiation exposure, you can easily do this in everyday life using the examples shown.:Abbildungs- und Tabellenverzeichnis 1 Aufgabe 2 Elektromagnetische Felder 2.1 Überblick 2.2 Hochfrequente elektromagnetische Felder 3 Funktionsweisen von Mobilfunk, WLAN und LAN 3.1 Mobilfunk 3.2 WLAN und LAN 4 SAR-Werte und Gefahren für den menschlichen Organismus 5 Bestimmungen zum Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz 6 Maßnahmen, um individuelle Strahlenexposition zu senken 7 Das Wichtigste im Überblick Literaturverzeichnis

The IEEE 802.11 standards define several transmission rates that can be used at the physical layer to adapt the transmission rate to channel conditions. This dynamic adaptation attempts to improve the performance in Wireless LAN (WLAN) and hence can have impact on the Quality of Service (QoS) perceived by the users. In this work we present the design and implementation of several new link adaptation (LA) algorithms. The performance of the developed algorithms is tested and compared against some existing algorithms such as Minstrel as well as an ideal LA. The evaluation is carried out in a network system simulator that models all the pro- cedures needed for the exchange of data frames according to the 802.11 standards. Different scenarios are used to simulate various realistic conditions. In particular, the Clear Channel Assessment Threshold (CCAT) is modified in the scenarios and the impact of its modification is also assessed. The algorithms are tested under identical environments to ensure that the experiments are controllable and repeatable. For each algorithm the mean and 5th percentile throughput are measured under different traffic loads to evaluate and compare the performance of the different algorithms. The tradeoff between signaling overhead and performance is also evaluated. It was found that the proposed link adaptation schemes achieved higher mean through- put than the Minstrel algorithm. We also found that the performance of some of the proposed schemes is close to that of the ideal LA. / IEEE 802.11-standarderna definierar flera överföringshastigheter som kan användas vid det fysiska skiktet för att anpassa överföringshastigheten till kanal förhållanden. Denna dynamiska anpassning försöker förbättra prestandan i wireless LAN (WLAN) och därmed kan ha inverkan på Quality of Service (QoS) uppfattas av användarna. I detta examensarbete presenterar vi utformningen och genomförandet av flera ny link adaptation (LA) algoritmer. Prestandan hos de utvecklade algoritmer testas och jämförs med vissa befintliga algoritmer så som Minstrel liksom en ideal LA. Utvärderingen genomförs i ett nätverkssystem simulator som ger alla de förfaranden som behövs för utbyte av dataramar enligt 802.11-standarderna. Olika scenarier används för att simulera olika realistiska förhå llanden. Algoritmerna är testade under identiska miljöer för att experimenten är styrbar och repeterbar. För varje algoritm genomströmningen mättes under olika trafikbelastningar för att utvärdera och jämföra resultaten för de olika algoritmer. Den avvägning mellan signalering overhead och prestanda utvärderas också . Det konstaterades att de system som föreslå s link adaptation uppnå s högre genom- snittlig throughput än Minstrel algoritm. Vi fann också att utförandet av vissa av de föreslagna systemen är nära den av ideal LA.

Yes / A modified indoor path loss prediction model is presented, namely Effective Wall Loss Model (EWLM). The modified model is compared to other indoor path loss prediction models using simulation data and real-time measurements. Different operating frequencies and antenna polarizations are considered to verify the observations. In the simulation part, EWLM shows the best performance among other models as it outperforms two times the dual slope model which is the second-best performance. Similar observations were recorded from the experimental results. Linear attenuation and one slope models have similar behaviour, the two models parameters show dependency on operating frequency and antenna polarization.

In recent years, an increasing number of devices have been developed for operation in the bands allocated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for license-free operation. Given the rules governing devices in these bands, it is possible for interference created by these devices to significantly reduce the overall capacity of these bands. Two such protocols are Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11b. Several methods have been presented in the literature for managing interference between these two devices. However, these approaches are generally not practical, since they either require the purchase of specialized hardware or do not comply with the current versions of existing protocols. In this dissertation, an approach is presented that is not only backwards-compatible, but requires the algorithm to be implemented in only a small subset of the devices operating in the local environment for the coexistence algorithm to function properly. An analytical solution for this coexistence approach when applied to generic networks is presented. A method is also presented for the backwards-compatible integration of some medium access control (MAC) protocols into Bluetooth devices. A case study of the Bluetooth/IEEE 802.11b coexistence problem is presented in this dissertation, as well as a proposed coexistence mechanism, collision-based multiple access (CBMA). A form of adaptive frequency hopping (AFH) is presented in this dissertation, as well as a combined CBMA/AFH strategy. The CBMA algorithm is shown be able to significantly reduce the impact of a Bluetooth link on an IEEE 802.11b link. The AFH algorithm is shown to have comparable performance to the CBMA algorithm. A combined CBMA/AFH algorithm presented, is shown to not only have an impact on the IEEE 802.11b link that is not greater than the CBMA-only implementation, but the Bluetooth link throughput is shown to be significantly greater than either the CBMA or AFH implementation alone. / Ph. D.

In recent years, cognitive radios and cognitive wireless networks have been introduced as a new paradigm for enabling much higher spectrum utilization, providing more reliable and personal radio services, reducing harmful interference, and facilitating the interoperability or convergence of different wireless communication networks. Cognitive radios are goal-oriented, autonomously learn from experience and adapt to changing operating conditions. Cognitive radios have the potential to drive the next generation of radio devices and wireless communication system design and to enable a variety of niche applications in demanding environments, such as spectrum-sharing networks, public safety, natural disasters, civil emergencies, and military operations. This research first introduces an innovative approach to developing cognitive radios based on the Radio Environment Map (REM). The REM can be viewed as an integrated database that provides multi-domain environmental information and prior knowledge for cognitive radios, such as the geographical features, available services and networks, spectral regulations, locations and activities of neighboring radios, policies of the users and/or service providers, and past experience. The REM, serving as a vehicle of network support to cognitive radios, can be exploited by the cognitive engine for most cognitive functionalities, such as situation awareness, reasoning, learning, planning, and decision support. This research examines the role of the REM in cognitive radio development from a network point of view, and focuses on addressing three specific issues about the REM: how to design and populate the REM; how to exploit the REM with the cognitive engine algorithms; and how to evaluate the performance of the cognitive radios. Applications of the REM to wireless local area networks (WLAN) and wireless regional area networks (WRAN) are investigated, especially from the perspectives of interference management and radio resource management, which illustrate the significance of cognitive radios to the evolution of wireless communications and the revolution in spectral regulation. Network architecture for REM-enabled cognitive radios and framework for REM-enabled situation-aware cognitive engine learning algorithms have been proposed and formalized. As an example, the REM, including the data model and basic application programmer interfaces (API) to the cognitive engine, has been developed for cognitive WRAN systems. Furthermore, REM-enabled cognitive cooperative learning (REM-CCL) and REM-enabled case- and knowledge-based learning algorithms (REM-CKL) have been proposed and validated with link-level or network-level simulations and a WRAN base station cognitive engine testbed. Simulation results demonstrate that the WRAN CE can adapt orders of magnitude faster when using the REM-CKL than when using the genetic algorithms and achieve near-optimal global utility by leveraging the REM-CKL and a local search. Simulation results also suggest that exploiting the Global REM information can considerably improve the performance of both primary and secondary users and mitigate the hidden node (or hidden receiver) problem. REM dissemination schemes and the resulting overhead have been investigated and analyzed under various network scenarios. By extending the optimized link state routing protocol, the overhead of REM dissemination in wireless ad hoc networks via multipoint relays can be significantly reduced by orders of magnitude as compared to plain flooding. Performance metrics for various cognitive radio applications are also proposed. REM-based scenario-driven testing (REM-SDT) has been proposed and employed to evaluate the performances of the cognitive engine and cognitive wireless networks. This research shows that REM is a viable, cost-efficient approach to developing cognitive radios and cognitive wireless networks with significant potential in various applications. Future research recommendations are provided in the conclusion. / Ph. D.

In recent years, advancements in the field of wireless communication have led to more innovative consumer products at reduced cost. Over the next 2 to 5 years, short-range wireless devices such as Bluetooth and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) are expected to become widespread throughout hospital environments for various applications. Consequently the medical community views wireless applications as ineludible and necessary. However, currently there exist regulations on the use of wireless devices in hospitals, and with the ever increasing wireless personal applications, there will be more unconscious wireless devices entering and operating in hospitals. It is feared that these wireless devices may cause electromagnetic interference that could alter the operation of medical equipment and negatively impact patient care. Additionally, unintentional electromagnetic radiation from medical equipment may have a detrimental effect on the quality of service (QoS) of these short-range wireless devices. Unfortunately, little is known about the impact of these short-range wireless devices on medical equipment and in turn the interference caused to these wireless devices by the hospital environment. The objective of this research was to design and develop an automated software reconfigurable measurement system (PRISM) to characterize the electromagnetic environment (EME) in hospitals. The portable measurement system has the flexibility to characterize a wide range of non-contiguous frequency bands and can be monitored from a remote location via the internet. In this work electromagnetic interference (EMI) measurements in the 2.4 GHz ISM band were performed in two hospitals. These measurements are considered to be very first effort to analyze the 2.4 GHz ISM band in hospitals. Though the recorded EMI levels were well within the immunity level recommended by the FDA, it can be expected that Bluetooth devices will undergo a throughput reduction in the presence of major interferers such as WLANs and microwave ovens. A Bluetooth throughput simulator using semi-analytic results was developed as part of this work. PRISM and the Bluetooth simulator were used to predict the throughput for six Bluetooth Asynchronous Connectionless (ACL) transmissions as a function of piconet size and interferer distance. / Master of Science