This study describes in detail the preparation that must be done by aspiring orchestral horn players in order to be sufficiently ready for an orchestral audition. The general physical and mental preparation, through to the very specific elements that require attention when practicing and learning a list of orchestral excerpts that will be performed for an audition committee, is investigated. This study provides both the necessary tools and the insight borne of a number of years of orchestral experience that will enable a player to take a given excerpt and learn not only the notes and rhythms, but also discern many other subtleties inherent in the music, resulting in a full understanding and mastery thereof. Ten musical examples are included in order to illustrate the type of additional information that a player must gain so as to develop an in-depth knowledge of an excerpt. Three lists are presented within the text of this study: 1) a list of excerpts that are most commonly found at auditions, 2) a list of those excerpts that are often included and 3) other excerpts that have been requested but are not as commonly found. Also included is advice regarding the audition procedure itself, a discussion of the music required for auditions, and a guide to the orchestral excerpt books in which these passages can be found. / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Music / unrestricted

Vocal teachers’ task is to give students a foundation for their personal practice. When the student leaves the classroom, it is their responsibility to direct their own learning. This essay examines vocal students from upper secondary school's perspective about their personal vocal practice and their practice in relation to the support and help from their vocal teachers. Five schools were contacted where a total of 120 students had access to an online survey via email, to which 56 students responded. The variables in the survey were partially analyzed and processed in the software SPSS. In this study, it was clear that students have a positive attitude towards their personal practice and generally have good practice habits. The student’s level of motivation plays a role in the number of hours that are devoted to practice and having goals with one’s practice, such as vocal lessons, are important for practice motivation, as lessons are occasions where students are assessed. The vocal teacher is important for the student's continued development but not in relation to the student’s weekly practice hours.

Title: The Effects of a warm-up on the performance of football players Objectives: The comparison of influence of two types of warm-up before and after a physical activity on performance of U19 football players. Testing of subsequent post-warm-up performance focused on acceleration, explosive power and agility. Methods: In this empirical-theoretical thesis, a total of twenty-four U19 football players, divided in two experimental groups, is tested. The players within each group undertook either a complete dynamic warm-up or a shorter warm-up without the dynamic component. The performance was tested after the warm-up utilizing four tests - an acceleration run test on 30 m, a standing long jump, a foul throw and a shuttle run. The same tests were conducted again after an interlaid physical activity. The same procedure was repeated after a week when the two groups swapped the warm-up methods. Statistical analyses were employed to evaluate the results. Results: The hypothesis 1, assuming a positive effect of a complete dynamic warm-up on the performance before the physical activity was on one hand supported in the acceleration run on 30 m and the foul throw. On the other hand, no distinctive advantage of a complete dynamic warm-up was observed for the standing long jump and the shuttle run. Hypothesis 2...

Title: Monitoring the frequency of set in the practice and before the match. The diploma thesis focuses on monitoring the activities of coaches in the performance and top categories. The subsequent comparison of the results was based on the answers from the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire has ten questions in Czech and English, which are focused on the topic. The evaluation was depicked in graphs, which are supplemented by a verbal evaluation. Of the four hypotheses developed, three were confirmed and one was not. The overall comparison turned out to be that foreign coaches pay more attention to the setting, either in the training unit or before the match. Then the licensed trainers and / or the trained trainers pay attention to the setting in the same way, and the priority parameter for creating a training unit is mostly the setting. Keywords: set, beachvolleyball, practice, warm up before match

The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of heavy resistance exercise on agility performance in court-sport athletes. Five men (age: 20.6 ± 1.9 years; body mass: 79.36 ± 11.74 kg; body height: 1.93 ± 0.09 m) and five women (age 21.2 ± 2.7 years; body mass: 65.8 ± 10.18 kg; body height 1.77 ± 0.08 m) volunteered to participate in the present study. All subjects were NCAA Division II athletes who currently participated in tennis or basketball and all had previous resistance training experience of at least one year. In a counterbalanced design, agility performance during a 10 m shuttle test was assessed following either a dynamic warm-up (DW) or heavy resistance warm-up (HRW) protocol. The HRW protocol consisted of three sets of squats at 50, 60, and 90% of 1-RM. Agility performance was captured using an eight camera motion analysis system and the mechanical variables of stride length, stride frequency, stance time, flight time, average ground reaction force, as well as agility time were recorded. No significant differences were reported for the HRW and DW protocols for any of the mechanical variables (p>0.05), although there was a trend towards the HRW protocol producing faster agility times compared to the control protocol (p = 0.074). Based on the trend towards a significant effect, as well as individual results it is possible that HRW protocols could be used as an acute method to improve agility performance in some court-sport athletes.

The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of heavy resistance exercise on agility performance in court-sport athletes. Five men (age: 20.6 ± 1.9 years; body mass: 79.36 ± 11.74 kg; body height: 1.93 ± 0.09 m) and five women (age 21.2 ± 2.7 years; body mass: 65.8 ± 10.18 kg; body height 1.77 ± 0.08 m) volunteered to participate in the present study. All subjects were NCAA Division II athletes who currently participated in tennis or basketball and all had previous resistance training experience of at least one year. In a counterbalanced design, agility performance during a 10 m shuttle test was assessed following either a dynamic warm-up (DW) or heavy resistance warm-up (HRW) protocol. The HRW protocol consisted of three sets of squats at 50, 60, and 90% of 1-RM. Agility performance was captured using an eight camera motion analysis system and the mechanical variables of stride length, stride frequency, stance time, flight time, average ground reaction force, as well as agility time were recorded. No significant differences were reported for the HRW and DW protocols for any of the mechanical variables (p>0.05), although there was a trend towards the HRW protocol producing faster agility times compared to the control protocol (p = 0.074). Based on the trend towards a significant effect, as well as individual results it is possible that HRW protocols could be used as an acute method to improve agility performance in some court-sport athletes.

Muscular dystrophy is a genetically linked myopathy with no cure available. The lack of a cure makes early detection and treatment of muscular dystrophy imperative. When reviewing protocols examining muscular fatigue at submaximal isometric contractions, proper warm-up appeared to be absent and could have caused skewed results and conclusions. This study examines the effects of implementing a warm-up protocol before fatiguing trials. In this study, 10 adult subjects conducted fatiguing protocols with the right rectus at submaximal isometric contractions. The warm-up period included a light walk along with contractions at 20% and 33% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) levels. Active recovery measures were also taken into consideration as subjects conducted the fatiguing protocol to relieve the onset effects of lactic acidosis. The contraction durations with and without warmup were found to be significantly different (p=0.001, t-test). Subjects without warmup had a 73.30 second contraction duration difference between their first and second fatiguing contraction, whereas subjects with warmup had a difference of 5.94 seconds. Future studies may investigate the effects of the warm-up on the electromechanical efficiency (EME) and mechanomyography (MMG) frequency relationship.

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Masters of Science - Msc (Physiotherapy) / Extrinsic factors like terrain, hard running surfaces or incorrect shoes have been known to be contributing factors to injury, and intrinsic factors such as poor flexibility, mal-alignment anthropometry, previous injury and running experience have been identified in playing a role too. Little is known about the factors associated with injuries among marathon runners in Eldoret, Kenya. It is therefore important to identify the possible risk factors associated with running injuries in order to prevent further injury and severe long-term complications

El trabajo desarrollado en la presente tesis está encaminado a estudiar los fenómenos de la transmisión de calor y balance térmico en los motores de combustión interna alternativos, tanto en el cilindro como en el sistema de refrigeración. El principal objetivo de la tesis ha sido la utilización y extensión de un programa computacional de predicción de temperaturas de paredes del motor y de dos programas comerciales de modelado de sistemas termohidráulicos para estudiar los flujos de calor dentro y fuera de la estructura del motor, para evaluar el balance térmico de los motores en estado estacionario y en condiciones transitorias y para modelar, simular y validar diseños nuevos de sistemas de refrigeración de motores para locomotoras. Para lograr este objetivo se han realizado varias tareas que se explican a lo largo de este documento, y que se sintetizan en una revisión de los modelos de transferencia de calor utilizados en los cálculos de flujos de calor en las diferentes condiciones de contorno presentes en los motores de combustión; la expansión de las capacidades de un modelo nodal para obtener de él los flujos de calor discriminados entre las partes metálicas del motor y los calores intercambiados entre los fluidos del sistema y las partes metálicas; el estudio experimental de la evolución de las temperaturas del motor durante el calentamiento bajo un ciclo de conducción con el fin de cuantificar el balance térmico en este modo de operación y proponer alternativas de bajo costo para mejorar ese tiempo de calentamiento; el modelado, simulación, validación y evaluación del impacto sobre el calentamiento, el consumo y las emisiones del motor, de alternativas propuestas en el diseño de los sistemas de refrigeración; y finalmente, la elaboración y aplicación de una metodología de prediseño, modelado y simulación de sistemas de refrigeración para aplicaciones especiales. / Romero Piedrahita, CA. (2009). Contribución al conocimiento del comportamiento térmico y la gestión térmica de los motores de combustión interna alternativos [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/4923 / Palancia