Submitted by Maura Papa (papamaura@gmail.com) on 2017-01-12T16:22:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MPGI - Maura Papa.pdf: 2367284 bytes, checksum: b970775c55a3786469561a358052e900 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josineide da Silva Santos Locatelli (josineide.locatelli@fgv.br) on 2017-01-12T16:58:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MPGI - Maura Papa.pdf: 2367284 bytes, checksum: b970775c55a3786469561a358052e900 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-12T17:04:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MPGI - Maura Papa.pdf: 2367284 bytes, checksum: b970775c55a3786469561a358052e900 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13 / The case is meant to give readers an overview about the concept of Blue Ocean Strategy. Throughout the text hints about what this strategy refers to are given. By knowing the traditional strategic concepts – those that are usually applied in “Red Oceans” – the reader should identify and distinguish them from the Blue Oceans concepts and tools and therefore be able to analyse the case from a different strategic perspective. Recognized examples of Blue Oceans are also given in the Appendix to the case. By learning what a Blue Ocean is, readers should then decide whether the case provided can be considered an example of it or not. The case starts with a brief description of the company, how it was created, how the founders got the idea of the innovative business model and how they developed it. The case describes a situation where the founders themselves discuss about whether their company can be considered an example of Blue Ocean or not. The case follows with other examples of well-recognized Blue Ocean Strategies, to help the reader make comparisons and decide whether the company can be considered itself as another example of it. Last, some possible questions, and suggestions on how to solve them, are provided. Here the reader can reflect again on the Red Oceans tools and see how these are differently applied in Blue Oceans kind of strategies. / O caso destina-se a dar aos leitores uma visão geral sobre o conceito de Estratégia do Oceano Azul. Ao longo do texto dicas são dadas sobre o que esta estratégia se refere. Ao conhecer os conceitos estratégicos tradicionais - aqueles que são geralmente aplicados em "Oceanos Vermelhos" - os leitores devem identificá-los e distingui-los dos conceitos e ferramentas dos oceanos azuis e, portanto, ser capazes de analisar o caso de uma perspetiva estratégica diferente. Exemplos conhecidos de Oceanos Azuis são dados nos Apêndices do caso. Ao aprender o que é um oceano azul, os leitores devem decidir se a empresa pode ser considerada um exemplo dou não. O caso começa com uma breve descrição da empresa, como ela foi criada, como os fundadores tiveram a ideia para a criação de um modelo de negócios inovador e como eles desenvolveram a companhia. O case descreve a situação onde os próprios fundadores discutem se sua empresa pode ser considerada um exemplo de Oceano Azul ou não. O caso continua com outros exemplos reconhecidos de estratégias de Oceano Azul, para auxiliar o leitor a realizar comparações e decidir se a empresa pode ser considerada um caso. Por último, questões e sugestões de como resolver os questionamentos, são disponibilizadas. Assim o leitor pode refletir novamente sobre as ferramentas de Oceano Azul e ver como elas podem ser aplicadas a diferentes tipos de estratégias.

Abstract The thesis deals with the priváte banking in the Czech Republic and in Liechtenstein. The goal is to analyze concrete services that the client can expect in both of these countries. Large topic in this thesis is the lombard credit, which is quite a typical product in western countries but not that known among Czech investors. As well as the thesis describes all the mechanisms around it.

The South African Reserve Bank presents an annual balance sheet for the South African household sector constructed from macro-economic data estimates. Broad asset and liability classes are presented which can be disaggregated with the use of micro-level data obtained directly from households. At the time of the study, however, micro-level data on the different asset and liability classes accumulated by households was not available. The main objective of the study was to disaggregate and measure the asset and liability base of South African households in metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas using micro-level data. The study used a mixed methodological approach, consisting of both qualitative and quantitative data and was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on the recognition and measurement of household assets and liabilities. Economic theories that explain asset and liability accumulation were reviewed and international surveys on household net wealth measurement scrutinised. A heuristic model of a financial position section for the South African household sector was developed. In the second and qualitative phase, online and face-to-face focus group deliberations were conducted with experts in the field of household finance to ensure that the newly developed financial position section would robustly recognise and measure all possible household asset and liability classes. In the third and quantitative phase, the financial position section was included in an omnibus survey and data was collected from a representative sample of 2 606 households in South Africa. The weighted data was segmented in terms of metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas and presented as statements of financial position based on the classification, recognition and measurement principles of “The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2010”. Composition analyses presented a secondary objective, namely to explore the effect of identified independent demographic variables on asset and liability accumulation. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) identified meaningful interaction effects for (1) age, income and area; (2) income and age; (3) education, income and age; and (4) education and income on asset accumulation and an age and income interaction effect on liability accumulation. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on the contemporaneous effect of age, income, education and area of residence on household asset and liability accumulation and provides information on South African household net wealth not yet available. The disaggregated asset and liability base will assist policy makers both at micro- and macro-economic level with the overview and management of South African household net wealth. / Business Management / D. Accounting Science

The South African Reserve Bank presents an annual balance sheet for the South African household sector constructed from macro-economic data estimates. Broad asset and liability classes are presented which can be disaggregated with the use of micro-level data obtained directly from households. At the time of the study, however, micro-level data on the different asset and liability classes accumulated by households was not available. The main objective of the study was to disaggregate and measure the asset and liability base of South African households in metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas using micro-level data. The study used a mixed methodological approach, consisting of both qualitative and quantitative data and was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on the recognition and measurement of household assets and liabilities. Economic theories that explain asset and liability accumulation were reviewed and international surveys on household net wealth measurement scrutinised. A heuristic model of a financial position section for the South African household sector was developed. In the second and qualitative phase, online and face-to-face focus group deliberations were conducted with experts in the field of household finance to ensure that the newly developed financial position section would robustly recognise and measure all possible household asset and liability classes. In the third and quantitative phase, the financial position section was included in an omnibus survey and data was collected from a representative sample of 2 606 households in South Africa. The weighted data was segmented in terms of metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas and presented as statements of financial position based on the classification, recognition and measurement principles of “The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2010”. Composition analyses presented a secondary objective, namely to explore the effect of identified independent demographic variables on asset and liability accumulation. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) identified meaningful interaction effects for (1) age, income and area; (2) income and age; (3) education, income and age; and (4) education and income on asset accumulation and an age and income interaction effect on liability accumulation. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on the contemporaneous effect of age, income, education and area of residence on household asset and liability accumulation and provides information on South African household net wealth not yet available. The disaggregated asset and liability base will assist policy makers both at micro- and macro-economic level with the overview and management of South African household net wealth. / Business Management / D. Com. (Accounting Science)

美國次級房貸在1990年代中期曾經十分興盛，不過之後因LTCM危機，加上Fed採取連續升息政策，許多次級房貸放款的業者面臨資金流動性問題，以及次級房貸利潤不夠高，迫使許多業者退出這個市場，1998年亞洲金融風暴,美國雖未受波及,然自2000年開始因網路科技泡沫影响及2001年911恐怖攻擊,經濟衰退連續降息後，次級房貸在美國持續降息期間再度大幅成長，原因包括當時美國房價上升速度快、不動產市場流動性充裕，投資人增加對收益率較高產品的需求，導致更多次級房貸需求。 國際資金游動頻繁，衍生性產品及不動產證券化盛行，信用卡債、擔保債權憑證(CDO)、資產抵押證券被分割、包裝成證券或基金產品賣出，次級房貸風暴發生，間接亦影響到全球投資在上列產品之銀行、避險基金、機構法人、退休金等等…導致全球股票市場大跌，引發整個金融信用環境惡化，可能引發不良金融連鎖反應，從而導致更大的經濟金融危機。 美林證券、花旗銀行、歐美各大銀行相繼宣布資產減損,台灣國內銀行、保險公司亦陸續出現認列資產減損金額,只要一有次級房貸不利之消息出現,全球股市應聲而倒,截至目前問題所在雖略知一二,然國外金融業界因資訊較透明,其影響已漸公佈及擴大中,國內金融業則仍多採取保守態度,但亦逐漸依規定認列財產損失,然而問題是否已近尾聲,風險是否完全受控制則說法不一。 次級房貸問題的主要原因是相關金融商品證券化,層層包裝成各種衍生性產品,於次級房貸風暴發生後,信用風險連鎖反應造成相關產品無流動性,被隱藏的風險暴露後原有的信評機制幾乎全部失效,層層包裝的風險因事先未被定價,風暴後更無法估算其所會波及之影響,Mark to Market及34號公報迫使全球企業對次級房貸投資相關產品之損失提列資產減損,更加重各項產品流動性之停滯,信用危機造成信心危機，層層結構性產品及再轉投資,造成信用無虞的公司也遭魚池之殃,次級房貸衍生之金融商品,因主要購買者多為金融業或保險業或再包裝後出售予投資客,其後繼影響更是難以估計。 本論文內容除探討美國次級房貸定義、對美國國內及全球之影響、美國政府及各國政府的因應政策、截至目前影響及預計可能還會再出現影響,及因次級房貸之崩潰及衍生之金融產品之跌價所影響的層面與近年來國內外銀行爭相推展個人金融事業及財富管理事業的成立,是否有相當之關係,信用評等、風險控管、及定價在此風暴是否扮演重要角色,但卻又明顯失控?為避免類似情況再發生,應如何因應與防範?進而以提出個人對此事件探討之結論及省思後之建議。