L'imbibition d’eau pour les matériaux granulaires induit des changements dans la morphologie des ponts capillaires qui passent d'une forme isolée (entre deux grains voisins), à une forme fusionnée (entre plusieurs grains voisins). Ces changements de morphologie des ponts liquides influencent le comportement mécanique de ces matériaux, et peuvent être à l’origine d’instabilités telles que l’effondrement capillaire. La thèse présente une approche expérimentale multi-échelle au laboratoire de l'effondrement capillaire de matériaux granulaires lors d'une imbibition d'eau. L’approche concerne les trois échelles: macroscopique d'un Volume Élémentaire Représentatif, mésoscopique de quelques grains et locale de trois ou quatre grains. À l'échelle macroscopique, des essais d’imbibition, dans une cellule triaxiale, ont permis l'identification et l'analyse du phénomène d'effondrement capillaire en mettant l'accent sur l'évolution des déformations dans le temps. Les essais sont réalisés sur deux types de matériaux granulaires, le premier est un matériau constitué de billes de verre et le deuxième est un sable concassé. Une fraction argileuse est parfois incorporée au matériau. Plusieurs paramètres ont été étudiés en vue de comprendre leurs contributions dans le déclenchement du phénomène d'effondrement comme : la granularité, la teneur en eau initiale, la compacité initiale et le pourcentage des particules argileuses. Aux échelles mésoscopique et locale, on propose une étude expérimentale de caractérisation du comportement mécanique des matériaux granulaires dans le régime pendulaire et funiculaire. On s’intéresse en particulier à l’effet de l’imbibition et de la coalescence sur la force capillaire entre les grains solides à l’échelle considérée. Les essais d'imbibition sont réalisés par ajout d’incréments de volume d’eau aux ponts capillaires. Les résultats relatifs au comportement et à l’effondrement à l’échelle macroscopique lors de l'imbibition d'eau sont discutés en s’aidant des résultats obtenus aux échelles inférieures. / Wetting in granular materials induces changes in the morphology of capillary bridges which pass from an isolated form (between two neighboring grains) to a merged form (between several neighboring grains). These changes in the morphology of the liquid bridges impact the mechanical behavior of these materials, and can lead to instabilities such as capillary collapse. The thesis presents a multi-scale experimental approach in the laboratory of the capillary collapse of granular materials during wetting. The approach concerns the three scales: macroscopic of a Representative Elementary Volume, mesoscopic of several grains and local of three or four grains. At the macroscopic scale, the wetting tests, carried out in a triaxial cell, allowed the identification and the analysis of capillary collapse phenomenon, focusing on the evolution of deformations over time. The tests are carried out on two granular materials, the first is a material made of glass beads and the second is a crushed sand. A clay fraction is sometimes incorporated into the material. Several parameters have been studied in order to understand their contributions to the triggering of the collapse phenomenon, such as: grain size, initial water content, initial compactness and percentage of clay particles. At the mesoscopic and local scales, an experimental study is proposed to characterize the mechanical behavior of a granular materials, in the pendular and funicular regimes. In particular, this study focus on the effect of the wetting and the coalescence of bridges, on the capillary force between grains at the considered scale. Wetting tests were performed by adding water volume increments to the capillary bridges. The results on behavior and collapse at the macroscopic scale during wetting are discussed using the results obtained on the lower scales.

O estudo das propriedades de transporte do meio poroso é um tema importante para muitas áreas como a Ciência do Solo, onde o conhecimento dos processos que envolvem o movimento da água é de fundamental importância para o manejo e a conservação do mesmo. Nas últimas décadas, as técnicas não-invasivas e o processamento de imagens têm ajudado muito na modelagem e visualização da estrutura do meio, e têm sido aplicadas no estudo da distribuição dos fluidos com diferentes abordagens. Nesse trabalho é apresentado um novo método para análise do movimento da água, baseado na descrição da estrutura tridimensional da frente de molhamento no processo de infiltração vertical na região não-saturada do solo, considerando que a frente de molhamento tem informação relevante sobre os primeiros estágios da infiltração na interface líquido-sólido. O método proposto para a descrição da estrutura tridimensional da frente de molhamento compõe-se de dois principais módulos. O primeiro é responsável pela segmentação de imagens tomográficas para a detecção da frente de molhamento e cujo resultado é crucial para a análise da superfície resultante. O segundo módulo efetua a determinação de descritores da superfície obtida baseada na computação da variabilidade morfológica e a identificação de zonas de máxima adsorção através da análise da curvatura. As imagens usadas nos experimentos foram obtidas usando um tomógrafo de campo específico para estudos de solos, permitindo o processamento sem alterar a estrutura do solo. Os resultados preliminares são encorajadores e indicam que a abordagem utilizada consegue descrever o movimento da água usando informação da frente de molhamento no espaço tridimensional e no tempo. / The study of the transport properties in porous media is an important issue for many areas such as soil science, where knowledge about processes that involve the movement of water in the soil has fundamental importance to soil management and soil conservation. In recent decades noninvasive techniques and image processing algorithms have been very helpful in modeling and visualization of the structure medium and have been applied to study of the distribution of fluid with different approaches. This work present a new method to analysis of the movement of water based on the description of the three-dimensional wetting front structure in vertical infiltration process in unsaturated soil, whereas the wetting front structure has relevant information in the earliest stages of infiltration in liquid-solid interface. The proposed method for the description of the three-dimensional wetting front structure is comprised of two main modules. The first module is responsible of the three-dimensional image segmentation for the wetting front detection and its result is a very crucial step to analysis of the surface obtained. The second module compute features of the surface obtained to analysis based on morphological variability and maximal adsorption zones identification through the curvature. The image used in the experimental test were obtained using a tomograph of field specific to soil study, allowing the processing without changing of the soil structure. Our preliminary results are encouraging and indicate that our approach can describe the movement of water using information from the wetting front in three-dimensional space and time.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work we investigate the use of the Potts Cellular Model in simulations of the water droplets on flat hydrophobic and pillarlike surfaces surrounded by gas. Eight tests were chosen to validate the model, based on experimental and theoretical results: (1) the measurement of the contact angle on a flat hydrophobic surface; (2) the transition from Cassie to Wenzel states; (3) the measurement of the contact angle on the pillar-like structured surface in Wenzel and Cassie states; (4) the dependence of the contact angle on the roughness of the surface; (5) the measurement of the contact angle hysteresis; (6) the difference in angle hysteresis between Wenzel and Cassie states (7) the sliding of a droplet on inclined surfaces; and (8) the relationship between angle hysteresis and the velocity of the droplets on inclined surfaces. Our results are agree with the experimental and theoretical results suggesting that the Cellular Potts Model can be used as a tool in the theoretical studies these systems. / Neste trabalho investigamos a utilização do Modelo de Potts Celular na simulação de gotas de água sobre superfícies hidrofóbicas lisa e estruturada em pilares que pode apresentar comportamento superhidrofóbico em contato com gás. Oito testes foram escolhidos para validar o modelo, baseados em resultados experimentais e teóricos conhecidos: (1) a medida do ângulo de contato da gota sobre a superfície lisa; (2) a transição do regime Cassie para o regime Wenzel; (3) a medida do ângulo de contato da gota sobre a superfície estruturada; (4) a dependência do ângulo de contato com a rugosidade da superfície; (5) a medida da histerese do ângulo de contato; (6) a diferença na histerese do ângulo nos regimes Cassie e Wenzel; (7) ângulo crítico de deslize sobre superfícies lisas; (8) a relação entre a histerese e velocidade de deslize da gota. Nossos resultados concordam com os resultados experimentais sugerindo que o modelo de Potts Celular pode ser usado como uma ferramenta no estudo teórico destes sistemas.

O estudo das propriedades de transporte do meio poroso é um tema importante para muitas áreas como a Ciência do Solo, onde o conhecimento dos processos que envolvem o movimento da água é de fundamental importância para o manejo e a conservação do mesmo. Nas últimas décadas, as técnicas não-invasivas e o processamento de imagens têm ajudado muito na modelagem e visualização da estrutura do meio, e têm sido aplicadas no estudo da distribuição dos fluidos com diferentes abordagens. Nesse trabalho é apresentado um novo método para análise do movimento da água, baseado na descrição da estrutura tridimensional da frente de molhamento no processo de infiltração vertical na região não-saturada do solo, considerando que a frente de molhamento tem informação relevante sobre os primeiros estágios da infiltração na interface líquido-sólido. O método proposto para a descrição da estrutura tridimensional da frente de molhamento compõe-se de dois principais módulos. O primeiro é responsável pela segmentação de imagens tomográficas para a detecção da frente de molhamento e cujo resultado é crucial para a análise da superfície resultante. O segundo módulo efetua a determinação de descritores da superfície obtida baseada na computação da variabilidade morfológica e a identificação de zonas de máxima adsorção através da análise da curvatura. As imagens usadas nos experimentos foram obtidas usando um tomógrafo de campo específico para estudos de solos, permitindo o processamento sem alterar a estrutura do solo. Os resultados preliminares são encorajadores e indicam que a abordagem utilizada consegue descrever o movimento da água usando informação da frente de molhamento no espaço tridimensional e no tempo. / The study of the transport properties in porous media is an important issue for many areas such as soil science, where knowledge about processes that involve the movement of water in the soil has fundamental importance to soil management and soil conservation. In recent decades noninvasive techniques and image processing algorithms have been very helpful in modeling and visualization of the structure medium and have been applied to study of the distribution of fluid with different approaches. This work present a new method to analysis of the movement of water based on the description of the three-dimensional wetting front structure in vertical infiltration process in unsaturated soil, whereas the wetting front structure has relevant information in the earliest stages of infiltration in liquid-solid interface. The proposed method for the description of the three-dimensional wetting front structure is comprised of two main modules. The first module is responsible of the three-dimensional image segmentation for the wetting front detection and its result is a very crucial step to analysis of the surface obtained. The second module compute features of the surface obtained to analysis based on morphological variability and maximal adsorption zones identification through the curvature. The image used in the experimental test were obtained using a tomograph of field specific to soil study, allowing the processing without changing of the soil structure. Our preliminary results are encouraging and indicate that our approach can describe the movement of water using information from the wetting front in three-dimensional space and time.

Ce projet de thèse entre dans le cadre de nombreux développements réalisés au sein du département Advanced Materials and Structure (AMS) du Centre de Recherche Public Henri Tudor (CRP-HT) dédiés aux activités "Surfaces & Interfaces" et consiste à développer une technique de dépôt innovante basée sur l'association de différents lasers (Nd : YAG et Excimère) et d'un système de pulvérisation cathodique magnétron dans le but d'élaborer des surfaces superhydrophobes. L'association des techniques permet de contrôler la microstructure de plusieurs substrats par ablation laser et de déposer simultanément un polymère plasma fluoré par pulvérisation magnétron à partir d'une cible PTFE. Par le biais de cette association, il est possible d'obtenir non seulement des propriétés superhydrophobes sur un grand nombre de substrats mais également de contrôler précisément les régimes de mouillages. / In this work, the development consisted in combining magnetron sputtering with a Nd-YAG or excimer lasers to provide additional properties to the deposited plasma polymer films. These both techniques are totally complementary, according to technical requirements, and provide an enhancement in the control of surface / interface chemical composition and structure leading to advanced properties. The innovative deposition technique developed in our laboratory, based on Laser-Assisted Magnetron Sputtering (LAMS), evidenced novel possibilities. lndeed, we especially highlighted the opportunity to control various polymer substrates patterning simultaneously to the plasma polymer deposition process. One of the most interesting results concerns the achievement of superhydrophobic properties on various polymer substrates with a high control in the wetting regime.

O estudo das propriedades de transporte do meio poroso é um tema importante para muitas áreas como a Ciência do Solo, onde o conhecimento dos processos que envolvem o movimento da água é de fundamental importância para o manejo e a conservação do mesmo. Nas últimas décadas, as técnicas não-invasivas e o processamento de imagens têm ajudado muito na modelagem e visualização da estrutura do meio, e têm sido aplicadas no estudo da distribuição dos fluidos com diferentes abordagens. Nesse trabalho é apresentado um novo método para análise do movimento da água, baseado na descrição da estrutura tridimensional da frente de molhamento no processo de infiltração vertical na região não-saturada do solo, considerando que a frente de molhamento tem informação relevante sobre os primeiros estágios da infiltração na interface líquido-sólido. O método proposto para a descrição da estrutura tridimensional da frente de molhamento compõe-se de dois principais módulos. O primeiro é responsável pela segmentação de imagens tomográficas para a detecção da frente de molhamento e cujo resultado é crucial para a análise da superfície resultante. O segundo módulo efetua a determinação de descritores da superfície obtida baseada na computação da variabilidade morfológica e a identificação de zonas de máxima adsorção através da análise da curvatura. As imagens usadas nos experimentos foram obtidas usando um tomógrafo de campo específico para estudos de solos, permitindo o processamento sem alterar a estrutura do solo. Os resultados preliminares são encorajadores e indicam que a abordagem utilizada consegue descrever o movimento da água usando informação da frente de molhamento no espaço tridimensional e no tempo. / The study of the transport properties in porous media is an important issue for many areas such as soil science, where knowledge about processes that involve the movement of water in the soil has fundamental importance to soil management and soil conservation. In recent decades noninvasive techniques and image processing algorithms have been very helpful in modeling and visualization of the structure medium and have been applied to study of the distribution of fluid with different approaches. This work present a new method to analysis of the movement of water based on the description of the three-dimensional wetting front structure in vertical infiltration process in unsaturated soil, whereas the wetting front structure has relevant information in the earliest stages of infiltration in liquid-solid interface. The proposed method for the description of the three-dimensional wetting front structure is comprised of two main modules. The first module is responsible of the three-dimensional image segmentation for the wetting front detection and its result is a very crucial step to analysis of the surface obtained. The second module compute features of the surface obtained to analysis based on morphological variability and maximal adsorption zones identification through the curvature. The image used in the experimental test were obtained using a tomograph of field specific to soil study, allowing the processing without changing of the soil structure. Our preliminary results are encouraging and indicate that our approach can describe the movement of water using information from the wetting front in three-dimensional space and time.

Abstract The old corrugated container (OCC) recycling process produces pulp suspension from recovered packaging material with sufficient strength and cleanliness to meet regulatory requirements for produced packaging material. Pulping is the first unit operation in the OCC recycling process and the most energy-intensive unit operation, accounting for 20–30% of the total energy used in the process, if dispersion is not used. From the viewpoint of improving the energy efficiency of the OCC recycling process, the pulping stage is an important research target. The approach of this thesis work was to experimentally study practical possibilities to decrease the energy requirements of the OCC pulping process by understanding disintegration mechanisms and pulping fundamentals. The pulping process was conceptually divided into three separate phases: wetting, bulk disintegration, and residual disintegration. The aim was to elucidate the effect of each phase on disintegration kinetics and specific energy consumption of pulping, and to discuss how those phases could be intensified to minimize energy consumption. The results suggest that forced wetting of OCC material by mechanical pressing increases the disintegration rate owing to thorough impregnation of water into the OCC material, which efficiently reduces the material’s wet strength by cutting hydrogen bonds. The method can potentially reduce the energy requirement of the pulping process by about 30%. Bulk disintegration by falling the material in high-consistency drum pulping was emulated in a specially designed device. The results reveal that the energy needed for material disintegration depends significantly on the material’s wet strength. Pulping energy consumption can be lowered in the residual disintegration phase by separating the easily disintegrated weaker materials in an early stage from the drum and continuing pulping of the remaining non-disintegrated material (Fractional pulping). This setup led to estimated energy savings of around 20%. During the thesis work, the authors developed an analysis device that photographs flakes separated from the pulp and determines flake size distribution by image analysis. The device revealed the difference between the low- and medium-consistency OCC pulping mechanisms. / Tiivistelmä Pahvin kierrätysprosessissa kerätyistä pakkausmateriaaleista valmistetaan uusiomassaa, joka käytetään uuden pahvin valmistukseen. Kierrätysprosessin ensimmäinen yksikköoperaatio on pulpperointi eli pahviraaka-aineen kuiduttaminen sulpuksi. Pulpperointi on usein koko kierrätysprosessin energiankulutukseltaan suurin yksikköprosessi, joka voi viedä jopa 20 – 30 % koko prosessin energiankulutuksesta. Tämän vuoksi pulpperoinnin energiankulutuksen pienentämiseen tähtäävä tutkimus on erittäin tärkeää. Työn tarkoituksena oli tutkia kokeellisin menetelmin mahdollisuuksia vähentää pulpperoinnin energiankulutusta. Tavoitteena oli saada ymmärrystä pulpperoinnin hajotusmekanismeista ja pulpperointiin vaikuttavista tekijöistä. Tässä työssä pulpperointi jaettiin kolmeen vaiheeseen: pahvin vettymiseen, varsinaiseen bulkkihajotukseen ja jälkihajotukseen. Tarkoituksena oli havainnollistaa jokaisen vaiheen vaikutusta materiaalin hajotuskinetiikkaan ja pulpperoinnin energiankulutukseen. Lisäksi tavoitteena oli pohtia mahdollisia tapoja tehostaa jokaista vaihetta ja näin minimoida energiankulutusta. Tulosten perusteella pahvin pakotettu kostuttaminen mekaanisella puristuksella kasvattaa hajotusnopeutta johtuen vedestä, joka kastelee materiaalin läpikotaisin. Tämä pienentää materiaalin märkälujuutta katkomalla kuitujen välisiä vetysidoksia. Menetelmän avulla pulpperoinnin energiankulutusta pystytään vähentämään jopa 30 %. Rumpupulpperin bulkkihajotusta jäljiteltiin tarkoitukseen suunnitellulla pudotuslaitteella. Tulokset paljastivat, että energiatarve materiaalin hajottamiseen on verrannollinen materiaalin märkälujuuteen. Pulpperoinnin energiankulutusta jälkihajotuksessa voidaan pienentää ns. fraktioivalla pulpperoinnilla, jossa pulpperin kuormaa kevennetään poistamalla nopeasti hajoava heikkolujuuksinen materiaali mahdollisimman aikaisin, jonka jälkeen pulpperointia jatketaan hajoamattomalla materiaalilla. Tällaisella menetelmällä voidaan parhaimmillaan säästää 20 % rumpupulpperoinnin energiankulutuksesta. Työn aikana kehiteltiin myös kuvantamiseen perustuva analyysimenetelmä, jolla voidaan analysoida hajoamattoman materiaalin kokojakaumaa. Analyysimenetelmä paljasti hajotusmekanismieron matala- ja keskisakeuspulpperoinnin välillä.

Les bétons auto-plaçants (BAP) sont des bétons spéciaux, très maniables, homogènes et stables qui se mettent en place sous le seul effet de la gravité. Grâce à leurs nombreux avantages, les bétons auto-plaçants (BAP) sont aujourd'hui considérés comme étant l'une des innovations les plus marquantes des deux dernières décennies dans le domaine du béton. Plus de 50 % des produits à démoulage différé sont réalisés en BAP. Parallèlement, les bétons légers sont maintenant intégrés dans le contexte normatif et leur utilisation dans l'industrie est croissante du fait notamment de la nouvelle réglementation thermique pour les bâtiments. Ce contexte ouvre la voie aux bétons auto-plaçants légers (BAPL) dont l'utilisation constitue une solution innovante pour répondre encore mieux, aux problématiques de légèreté, d'efficacité énergétique des bâtiments et de productivité. Cependant, la différence de densité entre les granulats légers et la pâte d'une part et le pouvoir absorbant des granulats légers d'autre part, compliquent davantage la formulation et la production des bétons auto-plaçants légers. De plus, les méthodes existantes qui sont pour la plupart empruntées aux méthodes de formulation de BAP traditionnels restent empiriques.Cette thèse vise donc la mise au point d'une méthode de formulation plus rationnelle pour composer des bétons auto-plaçants légers et durables. Cette approche de formation des BAPL est construite autour d'un ensemble de données cohérent dont l'indice de serrage de l'empilement et sur la quantification expérimentale des phénomènes tels que l'absorption dans la pâte de ciment et la ségrégation. A partir de cette méthode, différentes gammes de BAPL sont proposées pour répondent aux critères du cahier des charges en termes de masse volumique réelle sèche et de résistance à la compression. Sa mise en œuvre a permis de simuler et de réaliser des formules de bétons auto-plaçants légers de sable normal (BAPLSN) de classes d'étalement allant de SF1 à SF3, de classes de masse volumique D1.8 et D2.0 et de classes de résistance allant de LC35/38 à LC50/55. Elle a également permis d'explorer les bétons auto-plaçants légers de sable léger (BAPLSL) qui peuvent constituer une solution innovante pour l'industrie du béton dans le contexte de la nouvelle réglementation thermique pour les bâtiments. / Self compacting concrete (SCC) is generally known as the concrete capable of filling up the given structure only using its self weight without any need for vibration and compaction during pouring process. On the other hand, the structural lightweight concrete (LWC) has emerged due to its lightness and all the advantages related to lower thermal insulating characteristics. The two materials open way to the lightweight self compacting concrete (LWSCC) in order to combine the favorable properties of LWC with those of SCC.However, the difference in density between the lightweight aggregate and cement paste complicate the mix design and production of LWSCC. Furthermore, existing mix design methods which are mostly borrowed from SCC design methods are empirical. Therefore, this thesis aims to develop a rational mix design method for suitable lightweight self-compacting concrete. This approach is built around a set of coherent data whose compaction index of granular skeleton and on the experimental data such as water absorption in the cement paste and segregation. From this method, different ranges of LWSCC are proposed to meet the requirements of the specification in terms of dry density and compressive strength. Its implementation was used to simulate and formulate LWSCC of workability classes from SF1 to SF3, density class from D1.8 to D2.0 and resistance class from LC35/38 to LC50/55. The mix design method also explored the total lightweight self compacting concrete (TLWSCC) that may constitute an innovative solution for the concrete industry in the context of the new thermal regulations for buildings

Les phénomènes de mouillage et la rhéologie des fluides à seuil sont deux domaines de la physique des matériaux mous dans lesquels de grandes avancées ont été faites lors des derniers siècles. De plus ces questions sont d'une grande importance au niveau des applications industrielles, ce qui contribue à leur dynamisme. En revanche, le mouillage des fluides à seuil a été peu étudié, alors que c'est une situation fréquente. En effet, presque tous les fluides rencontrés dans l'industrie et la vie quotidienne sont des fluides à seuil. D'autre part, la connaissance des propriétés de mouillage est cruciale lors de leur manipulation car la plupart des processus font intervenir des interfaces.Dans ma thèse, je m'intéresse aux questions suivantes : comment la tension de surface apparente est-elle affectée par le seuil ? Comment le seuil influence-t-il la dynamique du mouillage, habituellement décrite par la loi de Tanner ? Pourquoi l'angle de contact d'une goutte de fluide à seuil n'est-il pas prédit par la loi d'Young-Dupré ?J'ai réalisé des expériences sur un fluide à seuil modèle appelé carbopol. La première expérience a consisté à mesurer la force d'adhésion d'un pont capillaire, qui a été comparée au cas des fluides simples. Les résultats ont montré l'importance de l'histoire de la déformation et de l'élasticité du fluide. La seconde expérience a porté sur l'étalement de gouttes sur une surface hydrophile. J'ai étudié la dynamique d'étalement, ainsi que l'angle de contact final. Alors que la dynamique est contrôlée par la viscoélasticité, l'état final est déterminé par le seuil / Wetting phenomena and yield-stress fluids rheology are subfields of soft matter physics where big understanding steps have been made during the last centuries. In addition, these two fields have very important potential implications for industry, which contributes to their dynamism. But their combination, the wetting of yield-stress fluids, has received little interest until the very last years, although it is a situation that happens all the time. Indeed, yield-stress fluids gather nearly all the fluids encountered in food industry, cosmetics, building industry, oil and gas industry… and wetting properties are crucial when processing or using the fluids, as many processes involve interfaces with air or a solid surface.In this thesis, I consider the following questions: how is the apparent surface tension affected by yield stress? How does the yield stress influence the wetting dynamics, classically described by Tanner’s law? Why can the final contact angle of a sessile drop of yield-stress fluid not be predicted by Young-Dupré’s theory?I performed experiments with a model yield-stress fluid called carbopol. The first experiment consisted in measuring the adhesion force of a capillary bridge and comparing it to the case of simple fluids. The main results show the importance of the deformation history and of the fluid elasticity. The second main experiment concerned spreading of drops on a hydrophilic surface. I studied the short-time dynamics and the long-time dynamics, as well as the final contact angle. The first regime is controlled by viscoelasticity, whereas the final state is determined by the yield stress

La compréhension des mécanismes pilotant la cinétique d'évaporation d'une gouttelette sessile sur un substrat inerte a notablement progressé ces dernières années. Ainsi, l'influence de l'angle de contact de la goutte, de la conductivité thermique du solide, de sa rugosité, de la convection thermocapillaire à l'intérieur de la goutte, ou de la convection dans la vapeur environnante, sont maintenant bien compris. Parallèlement, la façon dont des dépôts de type ‘tâche de café' se forment pendant l'évaporation de fluides complexes (suspension colloïdale, sang …) a été étudiée en détail.Toutes ces études ont été réalisées avec des solides non-réactifs. Nous proposons ici d'étudier le comportement d'une goutte d'eau s'évaporant sur un substrat soluble. Dans cette configuration, trois phénomènes sont en interaction complexe : la dissolution/précipitation du substrat à l'interface solide-liquide, la diffusion/convection des espèces dissoutes dans la gouttelette, l'évaporation de l'eau à l'interface liquide-air. Nous avons travaillé avec des solides à dissolution rapide, des monocristaux de NaCl et KCl, à température et humidité contrôlées. Pour tester l'influence des instabilités thermo- et soluto-gravitationnelles, nous avons réalisé des expériences au sol et en micropesanteur, lors de plusieurs campagnes de vols paraboliques CNES.Nous avons observé que la dissolution induisait un ancrage de la ligne triple au tout début de l'évaporation, conduisant à une décroissance linéaire de l'angle de contact avec le temps. A la fin de l'évaporation, un dépôt périphérique apparaît. Cette configuration permet ainsi de faire apparaître des dépôts de type ‘tâche de café' à partir d'une goutte d'eau pure. Ces dépôts sont la preuve d'un écoulement radial de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur au sein de la goutte. L'observation de gouttes ensemencées de particules fluorescentes s'évaporant sur un monocristal de sel a permis de mettre en évidence des écoulements capillaires complexes au sein de celle-ci. La morphologie des dépôts périphériques est très variée, passant continument de la forme de parois inclinées à celle de demi-tore creux, lorsque le volume initial de la goutte ou la température varient / Recent progresses have led to a better understanding of the mechanisms driving the evaporation kinetics of a sessile droplet of simple liquid on an inert substrate. For instance, the influence of the contact angle of the droplet, of the thermal conductivity of the solid, of its roughness, of the thermocapillary convection inside the droplet, or of the convection in the vapor are now better understood. Besides, the way coffee-stain-like deposits form during the evaporation of complex fluids (colloidal suspension, blood …) has now been studied in detail.All these studies have been carried out with non-reacting solids. We propose here the investigation of the behavior of a water droplet evaporating on a soluble substrate. In this configuration, three phenomena are strongly interacting: dissolution/precipitation of the substrate at the solid-liquid interface, diffusion/convection of the dissolved species in the droplet, evaporation of water at the liquid-air interface. We have worked with fast-dissolving solids, NaCl and KCl single crystals, with controlled temperature and humidity. To test the influence of thermogravitational instabilities, experiments on the ground and in microgravity (parabolic flights) have been carried out.We have observed that the dissolution induces a pinning of the triple line at the early beginning of the evaporation, leading to a decrease of the contact angle linear in time. At the end of the evaporation, a peripheral deposit (coffee-ring-like) resulting from the salt migration and precipitation, is always present, proof of an outward flow inside the droplet. The observation of drops seeded with fluorescent particles evaporating on a dissolving solid (NaCl single crystal) has highlighted complex capillary flows inside the liquid. The shape of this ring-like deposit is very diversified and vary with the substrate temperature and the initial volume of the droplet