Este diagnóstico teve como objetivo desenvolver uma análise minuciosa do setor produtivo da habitação em madeira no Brasil, avaliando a sua atual situação, suas singularidades produtivas e seus produtos. Um formulário padrão dividido em três enfoques (produto, empresa e setor) foi aplicado aos empresários das empresas que produzem casas de madeira. Os dados foram coletados mediante a realização de entrevistas estruturadas face-a-face e reunidos para a avaliação em amostragem do setor brasileiro de casas de madeira em 2015, os quais foram organizados em dezesseis eixos. Paralelamente, a metodologia de buscas em websites corporativos permitiu a identificação de 210 produtores de casas de madeira no Brasil, um índice muito acima do que a literatura difundia até então, as quais foram estimadas devido à ausência de uma entidade de classe para o setor. Quinze técnicas construtivas em madeira foram identificadas como exemplos em oferta no Brasil. Na amostragem principal das entrevistas face-a-face, 107 empresas foram analisadas, apresentando uma margem de erro de 6,65%, isto é, ±3,325%. Verificou-se que o setor estudado ainda sofre com as seguintes dificuldades para a sua consolidação: desarticulação e desunião entre os produtores, oferta elevada de madeiras nativas, demanda de profissionais capacitados no ofício com a madeira e os seus derivados, escassez de financiamentos habitacionais, barreira cultural da população, baixa oferta de financiamentos voltados para a melhoria das empresas, etc. Contudo, o setor também alcançou os seguintes resultados positivos: quantidade expressiva de produtores, portes compactos das empresas, elevada concentração de fábricas próprias e parcerias industriais, altas fixações de carbono e de dióxido de carbono, custos básicos de venda competitivos perante a alvenaria, ampla oferta de madeira exótica, tempos de produção integralmente mais eficientes que a alvenaria, pluralidade nas ofertas de padrão de acabamento para todas as classes sociais, entre outros. Espera-se que os resultados e as suas potencialidades apontadas auxiliem em novas discussões e estudos paralelos para incentivar o aprimoramento, expansão e consolidação do referido setor por meio de políticas públicas assertivas, mitigando suas falhas, dificuldades e demandas. Por fim, foram propostas as criações de entidades e comitês para representar e promover o setor. / This study aimed to develop a thorough analysis of the production sector of timber housing in Brazil, evaluating the current situation, industrial singularities, and their products. A standard questionnaire divided in three focuses (product, company and sector) was applied to the entrepreneurs of the wooden housing sector. Data were collected by face-to-face structured interviews and they were gathered to the sample evaluation of the Brazilian wooden housing sector in 2015, which were organized in sixteen research axes. At the same time, the corporative website search method allowed the identification of 210 wooden housing producers in Brazil; an index higher than what the literature had disseminated until then, which where estimated due to the absence of a sector association. Fifteen wooden construction techniques were identified as sale examples in Brazil. In the main sampling process of face-to-face interviews, 107 companies were analyzed, presenting a margin of error of 6.65%, in other words, ±3,325%. It was verified the studied sector still suffers with the following difficulties to its consolidation: disarticulation and disunity among the producers, high native timber supply, woodworker demand, shortage of housing financing, population\'s cultural barrier, low supply of financing to improve the companies, etc. However, the sector also achieved the following positive results: expressive producer amount, compact companies, high concentration of own prefabrication plants and industrial partnerships, high levels of carbon and carbon dioxide fixations, competitive basic selling costs regarding masonry, wide availability of exotic wood, production times that are more efficient than masonry, plurality in the finishing standards availability for all social classes, among others. It is hoped that the results and the highlighted potentialities will help in new discussions and parallel studies to encourage the improvement, expansion and consolidation of this sector through assertive public policies, mitigating their failures, difficulties and demands. Finally, the creation of associations and committees was proposed to represent and promote this sector.

O gênero Eucalyptus vem alcançando boa posição no mercado de madeira sólida, devido à sua alta produtividade em madeira de qualidade mecânica satisfatória, que redunda em grande disponibilidade de matéria prima para a construção civil. A atualização da norma brasileira para projetos de estruturas de madeira (NBR 7190/97), introduziu modificações importantes como a proposição de classes de resistência para as propriedades da madeira, metodologias melhores fundamentadas para execução de ensaios de caracterização e condições mais concretas de verificação da segurança das estruturas quanto aos seus estados limites. No presente trabalho foram utilizados doze lotes de madeira serrada de eucalipto comercializadas na forma de vigas, onde foram estudadas as propriedades físicas e mecânicas da madeira para a classificação dos lotes nas classes de resistência propostas pela norma. Para a densidade básica e densidade aparente, os lotes se enquadraram nas quatro classes indicadas na norma NBR 7190/97 (C20, C30, C40 e C60). Para resistência à compressão paralela às fibras cinco lotes qualificaram-se na classe C40 e sete lotes na classe superior C60. Em relação ao módulo de elasticidade na compressão paralela às fibras um lote se enquadrou na classe inferior C20, 2 lotes na classe C30, seis lotes na classe C40 e três na classe C60. Para a resistência ao cisalhamento um lote se enquadrou na classe C40 e os demais na classe C60. Pôde-se verificar que os lotes de madeira serrada não podem ser diretamente classificados em uma mesma classe de resistência por todas as mecânicas da madeira. / The Eucalyptus genus has been reaching good position in the solid wood market due to its high productivity in wood of satisfactory mechanical quality, providing great availability for the building construction. The up date of the Brazilian Norm for projects of wood structures (NBR 7190/97), has introduced important modifications as the proposition of resistance grades for the properties of the wood, better methodologies for permitting the wood characterization and more concrete conditions to evaluate the structures safety in relation to its limit conditions. In the present work twelve lots of sawn wood of eucalyptus marketed in the form of beams were used for studying physical and mechanical properties of wood in order to classify the lots in the grade classes of mechanical quality proposed by the norm. It was verified that a set of wood cannot be directly classified into the same quality class according to all wood characteristics.

O gênero Eucalyptus vem alcançando boa posição no mercado de madeira sólida, devido à sua alta produtividade em madeira de qualidade mecânica satisfatória, que redunda em grande disponibilidade de matéria prima para a construção civil. A atualização da norma brasileira para projetos de estruturas de madeira (NBR 7190/97), introduziu modificações importantes como a proposição de classes de resistência para as propriedades da madeira, metodologias melhores fundamentadas para execução de ensaios de caracterização e condições mais concretas de verificação da segurança das estruturas quanto aos seus estados limites. No presente trabalho foram utilizados doze lotes de madeira serrada de eucalipto comercializadas na forma de vigas, onde foram estudadas as propriedades físicas e mecânicas da madeira para a classificação dos lotes nas classes de resistência propostas pela norma. Para a densidade básica e densidade aparente, os lotes se enquadraram nas quatro classes indicadas na norma NBR 7190/97 (C20, C30, C40 e C60). Para resistência à compressão paralela às fibras cinco lotes qualificaram-se na classe C40 e sete lotes na classe superior C60. Em relação ao módulo de elasticidade na compressão paralela às fibras um lote se enquadrou na classe inferior C20, 2 lotes na classe C30, seis lotes na classe C40 e três na classe C60. Para a resistência ao cisalhamento um lote se enquadrou na classe C40 e os demais na classe C60. Pôde-se verificar que os lotes de madeira serrada não podem ser diretamente classificados em uma mesma classe de resistência por todas as mecânicas da madeira. / The Eucalyptus genus has been reaching good position in the solid wood market due to its high productivity in wood of satisfactory mechanical quality, providing great availability for the building construction. The up date of the Brazilian Norm for projects of wood structures (NBR 7190/97), has introduced important modifications as the proposition of resistance grades for the properties of the wood, better methodologies for permitting the wood characterization and more concrete conditions to evaluate the structures safety in relation to its limit conditions. In the present work twelve lots of sawn wood of eucalyptus marketed in the form of beams were used for studying physical and mechanical properties of wood in order to classify the lots in the grade classes of mechanical quality proposed by the norm. It was verified that a set of wood cannot be directly classified into the same quality class according to all wood characteristics.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-23T19:12:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Francisco L?cio da Silva Beltr?o.pdf: 1689416 bytes, checksum: 76a8c64f4a1c610912e18f6afdec5d8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T19:12:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Francisco L?cio da Silva Beltr?o.pdf: 1689416 bytes, checksum: 76a8c64f4a1c610912e18f6afdec5d8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-29 / CAPES / The degradation of the wood occurs because of chemical, physical and biological factors, in the latter are the termites, which due to feed primarily on cellulose, which is a major constituent of the wood. In front of the potential damage of these insects to the timber, it is essential to study their attractiveness and feeding preferences to various wooden species, in order to better understand their habits and so to improve the prevention and control methods. This study aimed to analyze if wood of the five exotic forest species (Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus urograndis, and Pinus elliottii) is forage by termites throughout the time in three environments with different anthropic actions in the municipality of Seropedica, RJ; if there is preference of attack to wood of these species in this environmental and time conditions, and if the anthropization level influence the distribution of the termite species. Two areas were inside the campus of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (monoculture of eucalypt and fragment of Mata Atlantica), and other in the Fazenda Agroecol?gica do Km 47 (area around the edification). Wooden stakes (2x2x25 cm) were made as test samples, which were buried on the ground at each experimental area, and evaluated at three times of exposition in the field (90, 120 and 150 days after the installation of the stakes), with eight replicates/forest specie/time. The initial weight and the wooden density of each stake were determined before they were set up in the field. To determine the points of termite activity in the areas, baits of cardboard carton were buried on the ground in order to attract the termites. The points where the baits present attack of termites served as central point for installation of the wooden stakes, which were disposed in a radial position, forming a circle of the stakes. After each exposure time the wooden stakes were collected and weighed to determine the feeding preference of the termites based on the consumption rate of the stakes. The obtained results showed the occurrence of three species of termites (a specie per area), an exotic: Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Rhinotermitidae), which occurs in the area around the edification, and two natives: Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen)(Rhinotermitidae), which was present at the eucalypt plantation, and Nasutitermes cf. itapocuensis (Holmgren) (Termitidae) which occurs in the forest. C. gestroi and H. tenuis showed more attractiveness/frequency of attack to wooden stakes of P. elliottii (83% and 63%, respectively), while N. cf. itapocuensis had highest occurrence/frequency of attack to E. cloeziana (79%). The average consumption rates of the stakes by C. gestroi and H. tenuis among the five forest species were similar. N. cf. itapocuensis showed sinficant feeding preference to E.cloeziana (4.32?1.19g) compared to P. elliottii (0.18?0.10g).It was observed that the low density of the wood influenced the occurrence/frequency of C. gestroi and H. tenuis to P. elliottii, while N. cf. itapocuensis was not influenced by this characteristic of the wood. However, there was no relationship between the feeding preferenceconsumption and the mean density of the wood to C. gestroi and H. tenuis, but N. cf. itapocuensis preferred woods of medium density. / A degrada??o da madeira ocorre devido a fatores qu?micos, f?sicos e/ou biol?gicos, neste ?ltimo se encontram os t?rmitas, por se alimentarem basicamente de celulose, que ? um dos principais constituintes da madeira. Diante do potencial de dano desses insetos ao madeiramento, ? imprescind?vel estudar a atratividade e a prefer?ncia alimentar destes ?s mais variadas esp?cies de madeira, para compreender melhor seus h?bitos e assim aperfei?oar os m?todos de preven??o e controle. Esse estudo objetivou analisar se madeira de cinco esp?cies florestais ex?ticas (Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus urograndis, e Pinus elliottii) ? forrageada por t?rmitas ao longo do tempo em tr?s ambientes com diferentes a??es antr?picas no munic?pio de Serop?dica, RJ; se h? prefer?ncia de ataque ?s madeiras dessas esp?cies nessas condi??es ambientais e de tempo, e se o n?vel de antropiza??o influencia a distribui??o das esp?cies de t?rmitas. Duas ?reas estavam dentro do campus da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (monocultivo de eucalipto e remanescente de Mata Atl?ntica), e outra na Fazenda Agroecol?gica do Km 47 (?rea ao redor de edifica??o). Foram confeccionadas estacas de madeira (2x2x25 cm) que serviram como corpos de prova, as quais foram enterradas no solo em cada ?rea experimental, sendo avaliadas em tr?s ?pocas de exposi??o a campo (90, 120 e 150 dias ap?s a instala??o das estacas), com oito repeti??es/esp?cie florestal/?poca. Foi aferido o peso inicial e a densidade da madeira de cada estaca antes de serem dispostas no campo. Para determinar pontos de atividade term?tica nas ?reas, foram enterradas no solo iscas de rolo de papel?o cartonado para atra??o dos t?rmitas. Os pontos onde as iscas apresentaram ataque de t?rmitas serviram como pontos centrais para a instala??o das estacas de madeira, que assumiram uma posi??o radial, formando um circulo de estacas. Ap?s cada ?poca de exposi??o, as estacas foram retiradas do campo e pesadas para determina??o prefer?ncia alimentar dos t?rmitas com base na taxa de consumo das estacas. Os resultados obtidos revelaram a ocorr?ncia de tr?s esp?cies de t?rmitas (uma esp?cie por ?rea), uma ex?tica: Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann)(Rhinotermitidae), que ocorreu na ?rea ao redor de edifica??o, e duas nativas: Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen) (Rhinotermitidae), que estava presente no eucaliptal, e Nasutitermes cf. itapocuensis (Holmgren) (Termitidae) que ocorreu na floresta. C. gestroi e H. tenuis apresentaram uma maior atratividade/frequ?ncia de ataque para as estacas de P. elliottii (83%e 63%, respectivamente), enquanto N. cf. itapocuensis apresentou maior ocorr?ncia/frequ?ncia de ataque em E. cloeziana (79%). As taxas m?dias de consumo das estacas por C. gestroi e H. tenuis entre as cinco esp?cies florestais foram semelhantes. N. cf. itapocuensis revelou prefer?ncia alimentar significativa por E. cloeziana (4,32?1,19g) em rela??o a de P. elliottii (0,18?0,10g). Observou-se que a baixa densidade da madeira influenciou a ocorr?ncia/frequ?ncia de ataque de C. gestroi e H. tenuis por P. elliottii, enquanto N. cf. itapocuensis n?o foi influenciado por essa caracter?stica da madeira. Entretanto, n?o houve rela??o entre a prefer?ncia alimentar/consumo e a densidade m?dia da madeira para C. gestroi e H. tenuis, j? N. cf. itapocuensis preferiu madeiras de m?dia densidade.

<p>Bolivia, as the poorest country in South America, can gain a lot from international trade. It is an important factor for a country to build prosperity and gain economic growth and thereby reach a higher standard of living. But for a company to succeed in the international market is a demanding task. Both internal and external factors that influence a company’s competence need to be taken into consideration. This Master Thesis deals with two Bolivian wooden door producers’ possibilities to export to the Swedish market.</p><p>The demand of tropical wood products is expected to increase and the Bolivian wood industry has been identified as an export industry of the future. Another thing in favor for the Bolivian export is the fact that the country is number one in the world when it comes to sustainable management of forest resources. This gives the companies the possibility to offer an environmentally friendly and unique product and thereby create competitive advantages. There are though areas that need improvement. One of the most important improvement areas for both of the companies is marketing and understanding what the customers needs. They need to keep the costumer in focus in all of their activities and learn how to promote their products advantages.</p><p>The facts that both the studied companies have earlier experience in export and a high level of motivation support the possibility to succeed in this matter. But, these factors are not enough for the studied companies to succeed in export. The result of this study also shows that the instable situation in the country results in financial problems and lack of trust. Therefore the companies must focus on building trust to attract new customers and</p><p>investors. This should be done by keeping an even level of quality, fulfilling promises and finding ways to reduce the risk for potential investors.</p><p>The trend towards more individual and exclusive doors in the Swedish market results in the recommendation to focus on offering a niche product in the middle-price segment. It is also recommended for the Bolivian companies to use some kind of representative to reach the market. A good alternative is to work as a supplier to a door producing partner and help them widen their assortment and in turn get someone present in the market that can work close to the customers.</p>

This paper describes and applies a method to quantify and related damage of painted wooden pulpits in 16 churches in Gotland, Sweden, to both the current and the historical indoor climate of the twentieth century. In addition, it demonstrates that the energy used to heat a church in the past can be measured and the study alsopoints towards a relationship between damage and heat output. The results suggest that more damage is present in churches with a higher heat output and there is increased damage in churches using background heating compared to churches that do not. However, the method needs to be improved and a larger population is required to validate these results. / Climate for Culture / Cultural heritage and human comfort: the issue of indoor climate in historic buildings in the twentieth cnentury

I vissa takstolskonstruktioner kan det ibland uppstå stora tryckkrafter i diagonala reglar. I Sverige löser man oftast detta med hjälp av stagning tvärs diagonalen för att hindra utböjning i veka riktningen. Ibland när det är svårt att på plats trä in strävor på grund av utrymmesbrist och dylikt kan man spika eller skruva på en regel för att på så sätt förstärka den diagonala strävan. Detta examensarbete har undersökt två olika förstärkningsalternativ, rektangulärt- och T-tvärsnitt, med hjälp av reglar med dimension 45x95 mm2 vilka skruvas respektive spikas ihop. Detta har gjorts laborativt genom att trycka provkroppar i en provningsram och undersöka hur mycket den axiala kapaciteten ökar med förstärkning. De två olika förstärkningslösningarna bygger på att man på plats kan förstärka strävor med enkla medel. Testbitarna har levererats till Växjö universitet och är av oklassat virke. Provbitarnas E-modul har undersökts för att på teoretisk väg undersöka hur stor axialkraftskapacitet den primära strävan har utan förstärkning. Provkroppar tillverkades och konditionerades i klimatrum, med temperaturen 20°C och 65 % RF, i ca tre veckor före provtryckning. De laborativa värdena visar att den axiella kapaciteten ökar med 1,9 – 2,7 ggr för de rektangulära tvärsnitten och 2,5 – 4,0 ggr för T-tvärsnitten. Förstärkningsfaktorn är beroende av längd, förstärkningsalternativ och sammanfogning. Förstärkningseffektiviteten är högst för de längre strävorna. / In wooden roof trusses there sometimes may occur buckling in compressed web members. In most cases in Sweden this is solved by bracing between two webs to prevent buckling of the minor axis. Sometimes it is hard to brace between webs because of lack of space. Then it is possible to nail or screw a side member on the compressed web to increase the capacity. This diploma work has examined two different ways of bracing, rectangular cross section and T-bracing, with webs 45x95 mm2. Experimental tests have been made on compression webs and examine the bracing efficiency. It is important that the bracing alternatives are easy to use with simple tools. Ungraded lumber were delivered to Växjö University. The Youngs modulus of the test pieces has been examined so the critical buckling load of the main member without bracing could be calculated theoretically. The lumber was conditioned to equilibrium moisture content of approximately 12 percent in a room maintained at 65 percent relative humidity and 20°C in three weeks before testing the critical buckling load. The experimental results show that the critical buckling load increases with a factor of 1,9 – 2,7 for the rectangular cross sections and with a factor of 2,5 – 4,0 for the T-bracing. The bracing efficiency is dependent on length, bracing alternative and type of connectors.. The bracing efficiency increases for longer webs.

Idag blir det allt vanligare med träbyggnader högre än två våningar. Detta tillsammans med en modern arkitektur som ger stora öppna planlösningar ställer höga krav på bjälklagen i träbyggnader. Problematiken med långa spännvidder för bjälklag i trä är att klara kraven för svikt och nedböjning. Dessa krav måste uppfyllas för att säkerställa funktioner hos andra byggdelar och för att människor inte ska uppleva att golvet sviktar eller vibrerar på ett obehagligt sätt. Ett träbjälklag bestående av limmade balkar av sidobräder har utvecklats. Bjälklaget är utformat av balkar med I-tvärsnitt i primärriktningen och rektangulära balktvärsnitt i sekundärriktningen. Examensarbetet omfattar laborativa provningar och beräkningar dels för att bestämma en böjelasticitetsmodul för varje enskild limmad balk och dels för att bestämma styvhetsegenskaperna för bjälklaget. De limmade träbalkarna ingår i ett forskningsprojekt vid Växjö universitet finansierat av KK-stiftelsen, som syftar till att undersöka möjligheterna att tillverka en konkurrenskraftig produkt genom att i grönt tillstånd (otorkat) limma ihop bräder från stockens yttre delar till balkar. Balkarna levererades limmade och hyvlade till universitet där en böjelasticitetsmodul först bestämdes för varje enskild balk. Därefter monterades balkarna ihop till ett fullskaligt bjälklag som provades med olika försöksuppställningar/lastfall varvid deformationen mättes upp. Dessa deformationer blir underlag för att bestämma bjälklagets styvhet. Böjstyvheten i primärriktningen uppgår till 17,55 x 1012 Nmm2/m enligt beräkningar baserade på laborativa resultat. Böjstyvheten i sekundärriktningen uppgår till 4,5 % av primärriktningens böjstyvhet, dvs. 0,79 x 1012 Nmm2/m. Sammanfattningsvis kan man säga att böjstyvheten är hög i båda riktningar i jämförelse med vanliga träbjälklag. / In Sweden it becomes more and more common with wood buildings higher than two floors. This along with a modern architecture that gives big open plan solutions sets high requirements on the floor systems in wood buildings. The complexes of problems with long spans for floor systems in wood are to match the requirements for elasticity and deformation. These requirements must be met in order to ensure functions of other construction components, and not be unpleasant for people to walk on with respect to vibrations. A wooden floor system consisting of green glued side wood sections has been developed. The floor system is made with I-profiled beams in the primary direction and rectangular cross-sections in the secondary direction. This diploma work is based on that through elaborative testing and numeric calculations to decide the stiffness properties for each individual green glued side wood section and for the floor system. The glued side wood sections are included in a project at Växjö University, which is financed by the KK-foundation. The sections were delivered glued and planed to the university where the stiffness properties were first determinded for each individual section. Then, the sections were assembled to one fully sized floor system that was exposed to different experiments as the deformation was measured. These deformations were later used in order to decide the stiffness of the floor system. The stiffness in the primary direction was prescribed to 17,55 x 1012 Nmm2/m after calculations using results from the tests. The stiffness in the secondary direction amounts to 4,5% of the primary directions stiffness, i e. 0,79 x 1012 Nmm2/m. To sum up, one can say that the stiffness is high in both directions compared to regular wooden floor systems.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka befintliga trähusproducenters förutsättningar och intresse att bygga flerfamiljshus med bärande trästomme med fler än två våningar. För att nå vårt syfte har vi satt oss in i marknaden för höga trähus. Detta har vi gjort genom att initialt betrakta dels marknaden ur olika intressenters perspektiv, dels genom att undersöka företagen som finns på marknaden idag och placera in deras respektive byggsystem i en produktlivscykel. Vi har därefter satt oss in i marknaden för trähus och fokuserat på tio företag som vi har djupintervjuat. Vi beskriver sedan de samband vi ser mellan förutsättningarna på marknaden för höga trähus och intervjuresultaten. Dessa samband utmynnar i en analys av de faktorer som påverkar företagens val av strategi. Vi gör en uppdelning av företagen i olika strategiska grupper utgående från deras erfarenhet av höga trähus, och vi redogör för hur företagen i de olika grupperna kan agera vid några olika scenarier. Faktorer som påverkar är ägarförhållanden, övrig verksamhet i koncernen och bristen på ingenjörskompetens i projekteringen. I våra redovisade scenarier tror vi att flera av dagens trähusproducenter kommer att finnas på marknaden om fem år. Det gäller främst företag som är starka på projektverksamhet, men också företag som är underleverantörer av element. De företag som nu är på marknaden med ett byggsystem eller som nu är på väg in tror vi, i våra scenarier, har ett gynnsamt läge främst för leveranser till större och medelstora städer. / The purpose of this thesis is to investigate existing manufacturers of wooden framed buildings requirements and interest of building block of flats with bearing wooden frame with more than two floors. With this in view we have studied the market for high wooden houses. We have initially regarded that market from the approach of different interest parties and through investigation of the companies in the market today and to place their systems for building technologies in a life cycle for the product. After that we have regarded the market for wooden framed buildings and focused on the ten companies which we have interviewed. Than we describe how the requirements on the market for high wooden houses are related to results from the interviews. These connections end in an analysis of the factors which influence the choices for the strategy of the companies. We divide the companies in different strategic groups. These groups originate from their experiences of high wooden houses. We describe how the different companies can act at some different scenarios. Factors which influence the existing manufacturers of wooden framed buildings entrance on the market are the state of proprietions, the other activity in the group of companies and the lack of competence of engineering in the projecting. In the scenarios, which we have given details about, do we predict that several of todays existing manufacturers of wooden framed buildings will be on the market in less than five years. This is above all valid for companies which are strong in the activities of projects and companies which are subcontractor of building elements. The companies which are on the market now with a system for building technologies, or are on their way, we believe have a favourable position above all for deliveries to larger or mediumlarge cities.

I samband med att intresset för att bygga högre trähus har ökat så krävs nya lösningar för att t.ex. kunna möta efterfrågan på stora öppna ytor och långa spännvidder. Träbjälklag med lång spännvidd har dock oftast svårigheter med att klara kraven på svikt och vibrationer. Ett nyutvecklat förslag på träbjälklag som förmodas klara dessa krav bättre än traditionella träbjälklag har varit utgångspunkten för detta examensarbete där syftet har varit att undersöka bjälklagets styvhet. Detta gjordes laborativt genom att bygga och testa en prototyp av det föreslagna bjälklaget och genom att en numerisk modell baserad på finita element metoden togs fram och användes för att studera hur olika parametrar påverkar bjälklagets styvhetsegenskaper. Bjälklagets design bygger på fackverksprincipen i primärriktningen och på balkverkan i sekundärriktningen. De ingående komponenterna har kommit prefabricerade till Växjö universitet där de har monterats ihop till ett fullskaligt bjälklagselement. Elementet har sedan utsatts för ett antal belastningsfall där nedböjningarna uppmätts vilka sedan givit underlag för att få värden på bjälklagets effektiva styvhetsegenskaper. Både de laborativa och de simulerade resultaten visar på en hög böjstyvhet i primärriktningen d.v.s. 18,9•106 Nm2/m [EI/b] respektive 18,6•106 Nm2/m [EI/b]. Även böjstyvheten i sekundärriktningen är hög d.v.s. motsvarar 21,2 % respektive 17,1 % av styvheten i primärriktningen. I beräkningsmodellen har det dessutom undersökts hur ett övre lager av spånskivor inverkar på bjälklagets styvhet. / The interest for building higher and larger wooden houses has increased in Sweden during the last decade resulting in higher requirements on the technical performance of such structures in order to met demands on large open surfaces and large spans of floors. Wooden floor systems with large spans often have difficulties, however, to meet the vibration requirements. A novel floor system, likely to handle the vibration requirements better than traditional wooden floor systems, is the basis for this master thesis. The purpose is to examine the stiffness of the floor by building and testing a prototype and by producing a numerical model based on the finite element method. In the longitudinal, main load-bearing direction the floor system works as a truss with flanges of longitudinal oriented timber members and web diagonals of transversely oriented members. In the transverse direction the web diagonals work as beams. The components were prefabricated elsewhere and assembled at Växjö University into a prototype. The prototype was then exposed to a number of different load cases. Deflections were measured and stiffness properties of the floor were derived. In addition to the experimental analysis the numerical model was used to calculate deflections when subjected to different load cases and for evaluating the principal stiffness properties of the floor. Both the experimental and the calculated results using the numerical model show high bending stiffness in the longitudinal direction, EI/b = 18,9•106 Nm2/m and 18,6•106 Nm2/m respectively. Also the bending stiffness in the transversal direction is high and equivalent to 21,2 % or 17,1 % (testing and simulation respectively) of the bending stiffness in the longitudinal direction. Using numerical analysis, also the effect on the stiffness of adding an upper layer of a 22 mm particleboard was examined.