Bakgrund: På akutmottagningen använder sjuksköterskor triageriktlinjer för att bedöma hur akut patienters sjukdomstillstånd är. Triage är en komplex uppgift som kräver kritiskt tänkande och medicinsk kunskap. Sjuksköterskor har en viktig roll i patienters upplevelse av att söka vård på akutmottagningen. Syfte: Syftet var att sammanställa och belysa forskning som beskriver sjuksköterskors triagearbete på akutmottagningen. Metod: Vald metod var litteraturöversikt med både kvalitativa- och kvantitativa artiklar. Datamaterialet bestod av nio kvalitativa och tre kvantitativa artiklar Resultat: Vid analysen identifierades fyra teman. Dessa var Sjuksköterskors sätt att arbeta med triage, Sjuksköterskors kollegor i triagearbetet, Sjuksköterskors arbetsmiljö i triagearbetet samt Sjuksköterskors förhållningssätt till patienter i triagearbetet. Konklusioner: Tillsammans kan sjuksköterskor stärka professionen och blir säkrare i sina triagebeslut. Sjuksköterskor behöver ha en god självkännedom. Sjuksköterskor har behov av att organisationen ger rätt förutsättningar för att god vård ska kunna bedrivas. Resultatet tyder på att mer forskning inom ämnet behövs för att utveckla sjuksköterskors roll i triagearbetet på akutmottagningen. / Background: Nurses use triage guidelines to sort patients who seek care in the emergency department. It is a complex situation which demands critical thinking and medical knowledge. Nurses play an important role in patients’ experience of seeking care in the emergency department. Aim: To gather and identify research which describes nurses’ triage work in the emergency department. Method: The chosen method was a literature review. The data consisted of nine qualitative and three quantitative studies. Results: Four themes were identified through the analysis. These where Nurses’ way of working with triage, Nurses’ work related relationships in their triage work, Nurses’ work environment in their triage work and Nurses’ attitudes to patients in their triage work. Conclusions: If nurses work together they can strengthen the profession and be more confident in their triage decisions. Nurses need to have good self-knowledge. If good health care is to be conducted, nurses need the administration to provide the right conditions. The study suggest that more research is needed, which can develop nurses’ role in the triage work in the emergency department.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Psykosocial hälsa har en stor roll i bestämmandet av hälsa på arbetsplatser, svag psykosocial hälsa kan kopplas till försämrad allmän hälsa samt förhöjd sjukfrånvaro. Samtidigt visar forskning på hur transformativt ledarskap kan påverka arbetsmiljön och anställda vilket resulterade studiens syfte. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka transformativt ledarskaps påverkan på anställdas psykosociala hälsa och arbetsmiljö.Metod: Studiedesign som antogs var en systematisk litteraturstudie där sju databaser genomsöktes och totalt 19 vetenskapliga artiklar som svarade på syftet användes. Alla artiklar genomgick granskning av vetenskaplig kvalité och en kvalitativ innehållsanalys som resulterade i tre kategorier. Resultat: Tre kategorier hittades och de benämns som medför positiva effekter på psykosocial hälsa, betydelse för den psykosociala arbetsmiljön samt hälsovinster i ett större perspektiv. Resultatet indikerar att transformativt ledarskap kan användas som ett kraftfullt salutogent verktyg för hälsopromotion på arbetsplatsen och att ledarskapet kan skapa bättre förutsättningar för förbättrad psykosocial hälsa. Implikation: Ytterligare forskning krävs för att kartlägga transformativt ledarskap i skilda kulturella, geografiska och praktiska kontexter samt att kvalitativa studier kan ge en mer nyanserad bild av effekterna och på så vis kan ge en tydligare indikation på hur integreringen av transformativt ledarskap kan ske i organisationer och verksamheter.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan ledarstilar, den psykosociala arbetsmiljön och self-efficacy. Detta för skapa större förståelse för hur olika ledarstilar kan påverka medarbetarnas välbefinnande och prestation. Deltagarna (N = 81, mellan 19-64 år) svarade på en enkät med bakgrundsvariabler, den generella self-efficacy skalan (GSE), psykosocialarbetsmiljökart-läggning (PAK, egenkontroll, arbetsledningklimat, arbetsstimulans, arbetsgemenskap och arbetsbelastning) och ledarskapsstilar (CPE, förändring-oriented-, strukturella och produktionsinriktad och relationsorienterade). Positiva associationer om ledarstilar och den psykosociala arbetsmiljön demonstrerades, särskilt för relationsorienterade ledarstil, vilket korrelerade med alla fem huvudfaktorer i PAK. Däremot korrelerade strukturella- och produktionorienterad och förändringsorienterad inte signifikant. Ingen signifikant korrelation mellan ledarstilar och personal self-efficacy hittades. Dock var self-efficacy relaterad till anställdas upplevda psykosociala arbetsmiljö. Genom deskriptiv statistik rapporterades som medelvärden visade att anställda med mer än genomsnittet på GSEs (self-efficacy) tenderade att svara högre på alla fem huvudfaktorer för PAK.

The aim of this study was to investigate if the experiences of work environment of employees in the elder care in the municipality of Umeå can be linked to high or low sickness absence. The method used was semi-structural qualitative interviews. Six retirement homes participated in the study and were divided into two groups, based on whether they had high or low figures of sickness absence. 28 elder care workers of different educational levels were interviewed. The interview questions were divided into categories. For the key phrases; “Have great possibilities of influencing one´s schedule” (category influence), “Is offered education” (category development and challenge), “The work pace depends on the wellbeing of the residents” (category physical and psychological workload), “Reflect/Do not reflect on work at home” (category physical and psychological workload), “Difficult to resolve conflicts” (category working climate and wellbeing) and “Stressful work” (category working climate and wellbeing) statistically significant differences between the groups were detected. Risk factors in the work environment, such as, time pressure, conflicts and physical and psychological strain are described by employees at retirement homes with both higher and lower figures of sickness absence. Differences between the sexes could not be investigated, but that does not exclude possible differences. Based on the results the conclusion is drawn that aspects of influence, development and challenge, physical and psychological workload and working climate and wellbeing can be factors that impact on sickness absence in the elder care in the municipality of Umeå.

A deficient safety culture has been implicated in a number of organisational accidents from a range of high hazard industries. Despite its implications for safety, many questions about safety culture remain unanswered. In order to contribute to the literature on this topic, this thesis set out to investigate the role of trust in safety culture. The oil and gas industry was chosen as the context for study due to the hazardous nature of its work, the industry’s focus on continuous improvement in safety performance and the interest shown by oil companies in participating in safety research. Leading models of safety culture have stressed the importance of trust in developing and maintaining patterns of safe behaviours at work. This thesis proposed a new model of safety culture based on dual attitudes about trust. This model states that explicit attitudes about trust are part of safety climate and that implicit attitudes about trust comprise some of the basic underlying assumptions that are the deepest level of safety culture. In order to test this model, this thesis developed a method to measure implicit attitudes about trust in an industrial setting. Using this method, two studies of dual attitudes about trust were conducted at different UK gas plants. In both of these studies, different patterns of results were found for measures of explicit and implicit attitudes about trust for workmates, supervisors and the plant leadership, respectively. These findings support the proposed model suggest that explicit and implicit attitudes about trust are separate constructs that may influence different types of safety behaviours.  Positive relationships were found between measures of explicit attitudes about trust and self-report items about safety behaviours like reporting incidents and challenging unsafe acts.  These findings were taken as a step toward validating the proposed model.

Considering the increasing levels of unemployment and underemployment, and the limited evidence concerning the impact of underemployment on health, my study examines the relations between subjective, objective, and time-related underemployment and employees’ health-related quality of life, as manifested through self-rated health, activity limitations and work-related stress. The study compares an expanded model of work-health relations that, along with the factors addressed by control-demand, and social capital theories, includes characteristics of the physical work environment, and employees’ economic class. In addition to the commonly examined factors related to employment and health (control-demand and social capital), my study explores the impact of the work environment (hazards, discomfort and physical demands) and economic class to determine the specific effects of underemployment on an employee’s health-related quality of life. My main argument is that underemployment, in conjunction with lower economic class, higher exposure to a harmful work environment, lack of control over work, and lower social capital, contributes to increased work-related stress and diminishes health-related quality of life. The study applies a mixed methodological approach based on data from the Canadian Work and Lifelong Learning Survey and the US General Social Survey, and qualitative analysis of interviews from the Ontario Survey on Education-Job Requirements Matching. Evidence based on cross-sectional and qualitative data analysis provides consistent findings and confirms the main assumption that high levels of underemployment have a significant effect on employees’ health-related quality of life. The study shows that employees’ economic class, characteristics of work environment and control over work carry the highest associations with health-related quality of life, while underemployment has a significant additive association with health-related quality of life, most importantly with work-related stress.

<font face="Arial">This study investigated the attitudes and responses of male employees to the implemention of the Gender Equity Strategy and considered the implementation for the development of a gender education and training intervention. The study investigated the initial resistance to the introduction and implementation of the Gender Equity Strategy at the Polymer Plant by male employees. </font>

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Graduate School of Management, 1999. / Bibliography: leaves 353-372. / Introduction and thesis overview -- A clarification of how common terms and key concepts within managerial and organisational discourse are interpreted within the thesis -- Theoretical and philosophical concerns: gender and the discourse of management and organisation(s) -- Contextualising the research: an overview of social, political, economic/business organisational conditions in contemporary Australia and review of literature germane to the empirical research studies -- Research methodology, judgement criteria and framework for analysis and representation -- Women managers: day to day managerial work and behaviour: ethnographic/participant observation studies -- Women's perceptions of their experience as managers: the interview studies -- Conclusions and thesis summary. / This thesis investigates the managerial experience of senior women in contemporary Australian public and private sector organisations and explores the implications this investigation has in relation to the discourse of management and organisation(s). -- The thesis proposes that although women have gained a presence in the ranks of senior management in the last twenty years, they continue to remain marginal to the discourse of management and organisation(s). The reason for this, it is argued, is because of the preoccupation this discourse has with conceptions of rationality and masculinity. This proposition is elaborated in the thesis by tracing the philosophical and sociological interpretations of reason and rationality from ancient Greek philosophy to its embodiment in the contemporary discourse of management and organisation(s). -- Whether for biological, social or psychological reasons, it can be argued that men and women are 'different'. A further proposition, therefore, is that they will have a 'different' experience as managers. On the basis of this proposal, the thesis evaluates contemporary theories of gender and sexual difference, but stops short of defining 'difference' specifically with regard to women's experience as managers. Instead, it allows the empirical research to determine what it is that constitutes 'difference' in such a context. -- The empirical component of the thesis seeks to develop an understanding of how senior women managers in contemporary Australian organisations both experience and interpret their experience in management. This is achieved by the use of two different, but complementary studies. Using an ethnographic/participant observation case study approach, the first of these investigates the day to day managerial activities, over time, of two senior women managers, one from the private and one from the public sector. The second component of the empirical research involves as series of in depth interviews with forty senior women managers in Australian public and private sector organisations, together with a small number of interviews with their immediate superiors and subordinates, and observation, by the researcher, of their workplaces. The location of the empirical research in the late 20th century, some twenty years or so after women started to enter the ranks of management in Australia, allows for a reflection on women's progress in management in this country during this period. It also allows for contemporary social and organisational conditions in Australia to be a consideration in evaluating the research participant's managerial experience. The thesis, therefore, links the empirical research findings to Australian literature and research on women and management, current social trends in this country, characteristics of the Australian business culture, Australian managementand the Australian manager. / The research framework utilised in the thesis is informed by critical, feminist and postmodern approaches to organisational analysis. For this reason the Deetz (1994) schema, which defines organisational reserch from the perspective of four differing discursive spaces - dialog, critical, interpretive and normative is utilised to locate the research orientation of the empirical studies. This schema recognises that overlap between the four discursive spaces is possible and thus can accommodate insights from each of the above mentioned approaches, as well as areas of overlap between them. -- The principal research findings suggest, in summary, that women in senior management in Australia largely conform to the traditional (masculine) norms that are deeply embedded in the discourse of management and organisation(s) and in managerial practice, yet at the same time, they consider themselves to be 'different'. A feminist interpretation of Social Contract theory, together with a feminist analysis of Foucault's (1988) notion of an 'ethics' of the self and the link between this notion and non essentialist feminist theory are used in the discussion of the empirical research findings to construct an interpretation of 'difference' as it applies to women's managerial experience. -- The contribution to knowledge in the field of organisational analysis that the thesis seeks to make includes: adding new grounded empirical research whcih uses alternative approaches to organisational understanding; providing a comprehensive analysis of the philosophical and sociological underpinnings of the relationship between management, rationality and masculinity; providing a platform for future policy development and organisational practice, and adding a perspective on contemporary managerial practice and organisation conditions against which to gauge classical studies of managerial work and behaviour. -- Finally, the thesis can also be seen to provide additional insights into recent critiques of essentialist feminsit theory and the 'feminisation of management'/female advantage literature. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / x, 376, [9] leaves

Thesis (M.A.)--Baylor University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-45).