Enligt arbetsmiljölagen ska arbetsgivare undersöka, genomföra och följa upp verksamheten, enligt det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet ska detta arbete ske naturligt i det dagliga. Den mest använda modellen inom kartläggningen av psykosocial arbetsmiljö var krav-kontroll-stöd modellen, det har dock föreslagits att det var viktigt att ta hänsyn till ledningsförfaranden för att kunna förstå arbetsrelaterade risker bättre. Forskningsfrågorna i denna studie var hur ledare arbetade med den psykosociala arbetsmiljön och hur det arbetet förmodades påverka medarbetarnas hälsa. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på detta. I denna studie deltog 8 personer med arbetsledarbefattning, erfarenheten varierade mellan 4-20 år, antalet personer de ansvarade över varierade mellan 1-42 personer. En kvalitativ metod genom intervjuer genomfördes, en egenkonstruerad intervjuguide användes. Huvudresultaten var att cheferna arbetade med en nära dialog och hälsofrämjande insatser, enligt cheferna ledde det till bättre mående hos medarbetarna och att arbetet var individanpassat. Denna studie ligger i linje med tidigare forskning.

The purpose is to increase awareness of the importance of staff engagement in the work environment and how the organization works to engage employees to want to participate actively in the work environment. The questions we seek answers to in this study is the following: What affects the staff to engage in the work environment from a management perspective Are there external factors that affect the organization and the individual's engagement to work with the working environment? We have create a model that is based on recent research to define our definition of engagement. The model contains four factors : Clarity, Advocacy opportunities, resources and feedback. The method we have used to answer the purpose in this study is ten qualitative interviews with persons with work environment responsibilities. The result shows that the engagement regarding work environment is important to get the employees to actively participate. To get the engagement from the employees the organizations need to provide, clarrity, advocacy opportunities, resources and give mutual feedback. External factors such as high and low season affect the organization's work environment, but not the individual engagement regarding work environment.

De senaste åren har forskning runt miljöns betydelse för patientens välbefinnande och tillfrisknande tagit fart. Medvetenhet om närståendes betydelse för den kritiskt sjuke har också ökat. Detta har gjort att de befintliga flerpatientrummen är i behov av renovering för att göra plats för närstående som är allt mer närvarande på rummet. Forskningen har visat att genom att vårdas i enpatientrum kan patienten få mera ro och förbättrad sömn. Förekomst av delirium minskar och smittspridningen blir lägre. Dock finns det negativa aspekter av enpatientrum som ger en ökad kostnad och kräver mer personal – något som kan bidra till att det inte byggs i lika stor utsträckning som behovet finns. Den aktuella studien är genomförd på en IVA som har byggts om till modulsystem, där två enpatientrum kopplas samman med hjälp av en skjutdörr. Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att arbeta i en IVA-modul.  Information samlades in med hjälp av en kvalitativ forskningsintervju där tio sjuksköterskor intervjuades. Datamaterialet granskades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Samtliga sjuksköterskor var nöjda med att arbeta i modul. Rummens storlek och utformning uppskattades. De intervjuade upplevde dock att genom att vårda två patienter men i olika rum kunde de förlora kontroll vilket kunde skapa stress. Grundbemanningen där en sjuksköterska och en undersköterska ansvarar för två kritiskt sjuka patienter tycktes oftast inte räcka till då det kunde vara svårt att få hjälp av kollegor. Denna modullösning upplevdes som en bra kompromiss till flerpatientrum. En viktig slutsats är att modullösningar kräver mer personal och ställer högre krav på kommunikation samt samarbete personalen emellan.

Bakgrund: Anknytningen underlättas mellan barn och föräldrar om de kan vara tillsammans redan från förlossningen. Teamarbete förbättrar kvalitén och bidrar till helhetsperspektiv i vården. En god arbetsmiljö och ett gott samarbete mellan personal är viktigt för effektiviteten av samvård. Att undersöka personalens förväntningar inför ett nytt arbetssätt är betydelsefullt eftersom det kan avspegla sig i den vård som senare ges.Syftet med studien var att belysa personalens förväntningar inför sammanslagning av olika vårdavdelningar och att samtidigt införa samvård.Metoden var en kvalitativ metod med totalt 14 deltagare i tre fokusgruppsintervjuer. Datainsamlingen analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultatet sammanfattades med temat ”Tryggt och välkänt eller nytt och osäkert – förändringsarbetets balansgång” som beskrev personalens känslor inför sammanslagningen. Kategorierna ”Att få en bra miljö för föräldrar och personal”, ”Att samarbeta med familjen i fokus”, ”Att förena två kliniker och kulturer” och ”Att genomgå en arbetsplatsförändring” beskrev de förväntningar och farhågor personalen uttryckte.Slutsatser: Resultatet visade på förväntningar av att vård- och arbetsmiljö skulle förbättras samt att samarbetet mellan klinikerna skulle bli mer effektivt. Det framkom att det var av betydelse att ha fungerande informationsflöden, uppleva delaktighet samt ha en tydlig ledning i en genomgripande organisationsförändring. / Background: The bonding between child and parent is aided when child and parent can be together as soon as possible from delivery. Teamwork improves quality and contributes to a holistic-perspective on nursing. A good work environment and good cooperation between staff is important for the efficiency of family-centered care. It is significant to investigate the expectations of the staff before introducing a new way of working, since it may reflect in the quality of care later given.The aim of this study was to illustrate the staffs’ expectations on the fusion of care units and whilst introducing family-centered care.The method was a qualitative method, with three focusgroup interviews of a total of 14 participants. Data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.The result was summarized with the theme “safe and common or new and uncertain – the balance of change” that described the feelings of the staff before the fusion. The categories “achieving a good environment for parents and staff”, “to cooperate focusing on the family”, “uniting two clinics and cultures” and “to experience a change in establishment” described the expectations and fears of the staff.Conclusions: Results showed expectations of improved care- and work environment, and that the cooperation between clinics would become more efficient. It was important having a clear flow of information, to feel participant and to have a straight-forward management in order to create a functioning way of work in family-centered care.

The current work environment is becoming centrally important in recruitment, retention and motivation of the best people. Most managers will agree that a better work environment will reduce stress, improve morale and motivate employees to perform at their best, yet they do not fully understand the extent to which their employees feel motivated to work. The aim of this study was to understand the motivational levels of the employees at The Cold Chain/MERCOR Solutions in relation to their work environment. Although numerous factors affecting motivational levels of employees impacted on employee productivity and performance, this study focused on those factors that emanated out of the work environment. An empirical study using quantitative data collection approach was conducted. A sample of 139 staff members based at the two distribution centres participated in the study out of a population size of 320 employees. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire that was handed out to employees. Data was analysed, interpreted and presented with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed that the employees at the two distribution centres are motivated and enjoy going to work, however employees felt that the work environment was challenging and more than half of the employees were not satisfied with the current work environment. It was evident that employees were not happy with remuneration that they received; felt that the company did not promote a healthy work-life balance and that training although forthcoming from their managers and supervisors, was not championed enough by the organization. It was recommended that the organization give consideration to the work environment in which the employee operates in; formalize training; look at motivational approaches to job design and set and review goals with employees periodically. Although this study focused on the two distribution centres based in KwaZulu-Natal, recommendations can be used and implemented throughout all of the other distribution centres nationally that fall under The Cold Chain / MERCOR Solutions umbrella. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

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Sammanfattning (MB och AA) Distriktssköterskor och sjuksköterskor arbetar med varierande arbetsuppgifter och inom olika verksamheter bland annat med hemsjukvård. Patientens hem blir en arbetsplats, som på olika sätt kan påverka arbetsmiljön. Syftet med studien var att beskriva erfarenheter om och upplevelser av arbetsmiljön i kommunaliserad hemsjukvård hos distriktssköterskor/sjuksköterskor med kort respektive lång yrkeserfarenhet. En empirisk studie med deskriptiv design och kvalitativ ansats gjordes. Fem deltagare med kort yrkeserfarenhet intervjuades samt sex deltagare med lång yrkeserfarenhet. Materialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet för deltagarna med kort yrkeserfarenhet ledde fram till följande fem kategorier: faktorer som påverkar arbetsbelastningen, faktorer som påverkar samarbetet, relationer och etiska dilemman,organisatoriska förutsättningar och ledarskap samt bristande kommunikation bidrar till minskad patientsäkerhet. Arbetet upplevdes fysiskt varierande samt att ett ökat antal patienter och tidsbrist ledde till stress. Arbetet upplevdes även glädjefullt med goda relationer till patienter och närstående. Etiska dilemman kunde uppstå vid olika syn på patientens vårdbehov.I resultatet för deltagarna med lång yrkeserfarenhet framkom fyra kategorier: att vårda i hemmiljö, faktorer som påverkar kommunikation och samarbete, att kommunalisera hemsjukvården är en omställningsprocess samt bristande ledarskap. Arbetet beskrevs somfysiskt tungt men varierande. Brister vid informationsöverföring medförde att tillgång tillviktig patientinformation saknades samt att distriktssköterskorna upplevde sin specialistkompetens underskattad. Slutsatsen är att deltagarna oavsett yrkeserfarenhet upplevde positiva och negativa aspekter på sin arbetsmiljö. Arbetet upplevdes meningsfullt men ökad förståelse och stöd för arbetssituationen från chefer önskades. Vid arbete i hemsjukvård kan det vara svårt att påverka olika faktorer av betydelse för arbetsmiljöneftersom arbetet sker i patienternas hem. / Abstract (MB och AA) District and registered nurses work with various tasks and in different services includinghome care. The patient’s home becomes the nurse’s workplace. The aim of the study was to describe district nurses’/registered nurses’ perceptions and experiences of the work environment in municipalized home care, among those with short and long professional experience. Descriptive design and qualitative approach was used. Five participants with shortand six with long professional experiences were interviewed. The material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results for participants with short work experience led to fivecategories: factors influencing workload, factors affecting collaboration, relationships and ethical dilemmas, organizational conditions and leadership, and lack of communicationreduce patient safety. The work was experienced physically diverse increased number ofpatients and time constraints led to stress. The work also felt joyful with good relationships to patients and families. Ethical dilemmas arose from divergent views of the patient’s health care needs. The results among participants with long professional experience revealed four categories: nursing in home environment, factors affecting communication and collaboration, tomunicipalize home care is a conversion process and a lack of leadership. The work was described as physically demanding but varied. Shortcomings of communication and information meant that important patient information was missing. District nurses felt theirspecialist competence undervalued. The conclusion is that regardless short or long professional experience, the participants witnessed of positive and negative aspects in their work environment. The work was perceived sensed but increased understanding and supportfrom managers about the work situation was desired. When working in home care, it can be difficult to affect work environment factors of importance because the work is performed inpatients’ homes.

Due to stress, the workplace is a setting where actions of health promotion are of great importance in the perspective of public health. Stress is caused by heavy workload, low control of organizing their tasks and lack of support from colleagues and supervisors. This can lead to cardiovascular disease, depression and insomnia. Due to the health problems that this causes, it is important to examine how senior immigration offices perceive their psychosocial work environment. The aim of this thesis is to examine how the senior immigration offices at the Migration Board perceive their psychosocial work environment. The study is based on a qualitative approach with deductive content analysis and the data has therefore been collected through interviewing six people based on a semi-structured interview guide. The result has shown that the senior immigration offices are pleased with their work environment and that their workload is constantly changing. Lack of support from their team leader and manager has been identified and was also required to be improved. They also feel that lack of development opportunities and low participation and influence affect their job satisfaction. A discussion was hold due to how the senior immigration officers perceived their work environment in contrast to previous research. The finding in the conclusion indicates that it is a request and a need for improved communication skills and leadership within the department.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether a difference existed between attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral intentions of employees regarding self reported use or nonuse of PHPD. The study also investigated if there was a difference between selected demographic variables and the attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral intentions of employees regarding use or nonuse of PHPD. Fishbein and Ajzen's (1975) Theory of Reasoned Action was the theoretical framework for this study. A convenience sample of 250 employees at two automotive component manufacturing plants located in the Midwest completed the demographic sheet and Employee Use of PHPD questionnaire.Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the internal consistency of the questionnaire subscales, and the alpha scores ranged from 0.66 to 0.81. Findings revealed a significant difference in attitudes between the self reported use and nonuse groups (F=93.34, df, 1, p<.0001). A significant difference in subjective norms between the use and nonuse groups (F=52.14, df, 1, p<.0001). Findings also revealed a significant difference in behavioral intentions between the self reported use and nonuse groups (F=128.54, df, 1, p<.001). A significant difference was found between age, gender, and self reported use or nonuse ofPHPD. Younger female respondents used PHPD more frequently than male middle aged respondents.Despite the fact that this study found evidence of positive attitudes and subjective norms, the findings did not support behavioral intentions. Most of the respondents (86.4%) supported the use of PHPD as an important part of responsible work safety, but their self reported use of PHPD was only 33.4%. More than half (65.6%) of the respondents reported never or almost never using PHPD. The findings were not consistent with the constructs of TRA, that attitudes and subjective norms are predictive of behavioral intention and thus behavior. / School of Nursing

The purpose of this thesis was to look at the relationship between the experiences of work related stress among male bank employees and how they dealt with potential stress. The thesis focused on male bank employee’s experiences and management of work related stress with the control requirements and support model as a starting point. Work related stress is a phenomenon that has become a serious problem with economic impact for both the individual and organizations. Increased absence from work due to medical issues is one example of such consequences. The study is based on a field survey at a bank office located in a municipality in the middle part of Sweden. Four male bank employees were interviewed. The result of the study showed that working conditions affected how the men experienced and dealt with work related stress. The conclusion was that a lack of demands, control and support in the workplace affected the personal life, and this imbalance could lead to stress. In order to deal with the work related stress, the bank employees tried to take control over their work situation and after work they dealt with the stress by exercising and dog-walks to name a few examples.