The occupational group who works in the care of older people in Sweden is an exposed group since the work is often defined as a strenuous profession, both physical and psychically, and this puts comparatively many workers on sick leave. To promote good health, as well as prevent bad health is the main purpose of the work environment development. The attitude of the care manager towards work environment development may have a significant impact on the co-workers health. The purpose of the study was to investigate the attitude of care managers towards work environment development and the co-workers work environment and in the same time get knowledge in what issues they have a salutary approach respectively a pathological approach. Empirics were gathered from semi-structured interviews with six care managers from the care of older people administration in municipality of Kalmar. Two different organisation theories, Human Resource and Scientific management were used to analyse the empirics from the interview. Theories concerning salutary and pathological attitudes towards health were also used. The organisation theories were selected to understand the care managers attitude in the work environment development and the co-workers work environment. Every care managers in the interviews had both a salutary and a pathological attitude regarding the co-workers work environment and the work environment development concerning their own unit. The care managers waried between these two attitudes and one conclusion was that one attitude doesn’t need to exclude the other, they can rather be a complement to each other in a successful work environment development.  All the care managers in the study used strategies based on the Human Resource theory. For example everyone expressed that they worked on behalf of co-workers own influence, they encouraged independence and participation and they wanted every co-worker to experience the feeling of teamwork. However there are results in the study that point at, from a management perspective, the Scientific management too. This emerged when the care manager talked about savings conditions, the established budget of the unit, demands of efficiency and specialisation within the care of elderly.

Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva svenska egenföretagande tandhygienisters (EfTH) arbetsförhållanden för att studera om där fanns samband mellan fysisk och psykosocial arbetsmiljö och arbetstillfredsställelse i gruppen. Samliga tandhygienister i Sveriges tandhygienistförenings sektion för egna företagare (n = 179) inbjöds att deltaga i studien vilken gjordes med hjälp av ett frågeformulär grundat på en förkortad version av the General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work, QPSNordic 34+. Sextiofem procent (n=108) svarade på enkäten. Resultaten visade att äldre tandhygienister och de som hade fler än 19 yrkesår upplevde högre grad av arbetsskicklighet, var säkrare i sin yrkesroll och kände sig mindre stressade än yngre. Stress var relaterat till fler än trettio arbetstimmar per vecka. Alla frågor i skalorna om arbetstillfredsställelse, arbetsglädje och arbetsstolthet skattades högt och allra högst frågan om arbetsstolthet. Frågor i skalorna om kontroll i arbetet visade på hög kontroll av arbetstakt, pauser och påverkan av beslut i det egna arbetet. Ett statistiskt signifikant samband kunde påvisas mellan kontroll av arbetstakt, påverkansmöjligheter, positiv feedback från patienter och arbetstillfredsställelse. Det fanns också statistiskt signifikanta samband mellan kontroll av arbetstakt, positiv feedback från tandläkare för arbetsresultat, positiv feedback från patienter samt att få tillhöra en (arbets)grupp och arbetsglädje. En slutsats från denna studie är att det förefaller finnas ett samband mellan EfTH:s arbetsförhållanden och hög arbetstillfredsställelse.

In order to get a better understanding of the interaction between employees and their technical work tools one needs to know what factors influence the interaction. The purpose of this study was to examine if there is a correlation between the personality traits Extraversion (E) and Neuroticism (N), tested with Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), and experience of the new Intranet among employees at The Swedish National Transport Administration (SNTA), and also to gather information of employees’ opinions about the new Intranet. A survey, containing questions about the Intranet and a personality test (EPI), was posted on SNTA’s Intranet for eight workdays (N = 88, females = 53, males = 35). A Multiple Regression showed no significant correlations between personality traits (E/N) and experience of the new Intranet. Considering the study’s low Power (.34) one cannot draw any conclusions of the statistical tests. A majority of the participants did not think that the new Intranet is better than the old one, and thought it was difficult to find necessary information on the Intranet at first. However, they did not think this had a negative effect on the time it took to accomplish their work tasks. For upcoming studies more participants are required (preferable more than 200) and the survey should not only be available via computers in order to reach people who is not frequent users of computers.

An effective process for translating contextual inquiry data into usable design concepts is described. A literature survey, field observations and laboratory simulations preceded contextual inquiry sessions with seven cashiers working in retail checkstands. Data from this field research was communicated with a graduate student design team during interpretation sessions. Diagrams and pictures from the physical workspace were introduced, work behaviors and breakdowns were discussed and design ideas and insights were recorded during these sessions. The final communication tool is a wall-sized affinity diagram created by members of the design team. The affinity diagram tells the story of peoples experiences working in retail front end work environments by incorporating patterns of cashiers behavior and concerns, while maintaining details of each participants comments. It translates the applied research from basic contextual inquiry data to a sustainable communication tool for contextual researchers, workspace designers and other project stakeholders. The design research method presented yields valuable qualitative results for physical workspace design that can be communicated to people who are not involved in data collection.

The system of General Health Insurance was carried out since 1995 promoting the convenience for people seeking the medical care and helping a lot of medical disadvantaged minority. Moreover, this system also makes the medical resource differential obviously in the area of off-shore and main islands of Taiwan. The medical resource in main island of Taiwan is centralized and syndicated which reveals the helpless plight of poor medical resources and isolated geography in the remote area of off-shore islands conspicuously. This study researches into the mutual moderating effects of the doctors' perception of the work environment, job satisfaction, role stress, and intent to stay for the doctors in the off-shore islands of Penghu. This study retrieves 102 effective questionnaires by a census-taking. The collected data is carried on SPSS15.0 statistical analysis and test by utilizing t-test and ANOVA analysis to calculate the differences of the demographic statistics parameters, perception of the work environment, job satisfaction, role stress, and intent to stay in isolated island area. Moreover, the mutually influenced degree of constructs is scrutinized by multi-regression and path analyses. This research finds that: 1. Sufficient medical and human resources, good medical cooperation, and high working aspiration can improve the doctors' job satisfaction in the off-shore islands of Penghu. 2. Ample medical and human resources and good medical cooperation can reduce the role stress of doctors. 3. Application of the factors in stimulation and sound health care will lead negative and positive influences on doctors. 4. Good medical cooperation encourages the doctors to concentrate their attention on medical work and seldom interference in the doctor's medical work or values can further their intent to stay in the off-shore islands of Penghu.

This investigation uses the model proposed by Ferris et al.¡]1989¡^, the sample consisted of 802 employees selected from a big organizations in Taiwan. The data were analyzed by applying statistical methods, including factor analysis, reliability, correlation and multiple linear regressions. The process of study was divided into two stages and carry on real example analysis and accordance with the analysis result to offer management suggestions. In the first stage, studying the relationships among the perceptions of organizational politics , employee¡¦s personal influences¡Morganizational influences¡Mjob/work environment influences in T company. In the second stage, studying the relationships among the perceptions of organizational politics and organizational citizenship within T Company. The results of this study in summary are: 1. Personal factor has effects on POPs with respect to all its three dimensions. 2. Organizational factor has effects on POPs with respect to all its three dimensions. 3. POPs has effects on Organizational Citizenship Behavior with respect to all its three dimensions.

Abstract¡GThis investigation uses the model proposed by Ferris et al.,¡]1989¡^to study the relationships among the perceptions of organizational politics , employee¡¦s personal influences¡Morganizational influences¡M job/work environment influences in domestic enterprises. The sample consisted of 430 employee selected from five service organizations in Taiwan. The data were analyzed by applying statistical methods, including factor analysis, reliability, correlation and multiple linear regression. The major findings of this study are as fallow: Perceptions of organizational politics were found have a negative relationship with age¡Mtenure¡Meducation¡Mhierarchical level¡Morganizational formalization¡Mskill variety¡Mjob autonomy¡Mjob feedback¡Mrelationship with supervisor¡Mrelationship with coworker and a positive relationship with organizational centralization. Those employee with high Machiavellians¡Mtype A personality or external locus might feel higher perceptions of organizational politics.

The Corporate Real Estate Executive has many factors to consider when selecting and outfitting workspace for the company's employees, most of whom are knowledge workers. There are many factors to consider other than cost including the office space design, the LEED or other green building characteristics of the space,the business context in which the company operates, and how all these factors work together to impact productivity. A workplace and productivity assessment tool was completed for four different companies to assess eight different productivity elements and how they interact to impact productivity. Two companies occupied LEED certified facilities, one company occupied a green building, and the fourth company was in conventional office space.

<p>Studier har visat att sjuksköterskors arbetsmiljö kan påverka dem i deras omvårdnadsarbete. Studien ämnade intervjua sjuksköterskor om hur de upplevde att deras arbetsmiljö påverkade deras omvårdnadsarbete. Intervjuer genomfördes med sju sjuksköterskor på ett sjukhus i Västsverige. Intervjuerna analyserades och manifesta meningsenheter, kopplade till studiens syfte, identifierades och kondenserades. Resultatet visade att det finns flera faktorer i sjuksköterskornas arbetsmiljö som de upplever påverkar dem i deras omvårdnadsarbete. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde att en god stämning i personalgruppen kunde hjälpa dem i omvårdnadsarbetet. Samtidigt kunde arbetsstress och tidsbrist, till stor del på grund av tidskrävande administrativa uppgifter, ha en negativ påverkan på omvårdnadsarbetet. Slutsatsen av studien är att sjuksköterskor upplever att deras arbetsmiljö kan ha en positiv och negativ påverkan på omvårdnadsarbetet. Framtida forskning kring sjuksköterskors arbetsmiljö behövs för att bättre kunna främja omvårdnadsarbetet.</p> / <p>Studies have shown that nurses work environment can affect them in their nursing care. This study aimed to interview nurses about their perception of how their work environment affects nursing care. Interviews were conducted with seven registered nurses at a hospital in western Sweden. The interviews were analyzed and manifest content linked to the aim of the study was identified and then condensed. The results showed that there are many different aspects in nurses work environment that they feel affect them in their nursing care. Nurses experienced that a good social climate could help them in their nursing care. At the same time work related stress and lack of time for patients, mostly due to time consuming administrative work, had a negative impact on nursing care. The conclusion of this study is that nurses experience that their work environment can have both a positive and a negative effect on nursing care. Future research on nurses work environment is needed to better serve the needs of nursing care.</p>

<p>The aim of the thesis was to investigate and analyze howproject members at operative level experience industrialproject work. The project goal, alongside the time limits,methods applied, and cooperation, were envisaged to set theprerequisites for the work situation. Four empirical studies,based on both qualitative and quantitative methods, areencompassed by this thesis. In total, 31 companies and 298respondents were involved in the studies. The studies wereperformed in product-development and construction settingswithin the mechanical engineering industry. The analysis showsthat project work is characterized by: 1) Goal-focusedcooperation in flexible and changeable work groups. Demandscompetence for cooperation; interaction and communicationconstantly adjusted to problem-solving processes; and jointactivities for goal definition. 2) Treating time as a resource.A fast pace of work demands shared responsibilities in a team;unconstrained interaction and communication; and socialsupport. Scarce time resources give rise to the risk ofneglecting needs for long-term knowledge development. 3)Development and insecurity. Development makes contingency-basedsupervision and planning needed, together with team-basedplanning and goal formulation. High levels of developmentstimulate knowledge and improvements to routines and practices.Technological development also entails insecurity, whichrequires the ability mentally to cope with flexibility andcontinuous adjustments.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>Project organization, Project work, Projectmanagement, Project team, Product development, Constructionprojects, Psychosocial work environment.</p>