La gestion des processus-métiers, des architectures orientées-services et leur rétro-ingénierie s'appuie fortement sur l'extraction des protocoles-métier des services Web et des modèles des processus-métiers à partir de fichiers de journaux. La fouille et l'extraction de ces modèles visent la (re)découverte du comportement d'un modèle mis en œuvre lors de son exécution en utilisant uniquement les traces d'activité, ne faisant usage d'aucune information a priori sur le modèle cible. Notre étude préliminaire montre que : (i) une minorité de données sur l'interaction sont enregistrées par le processus et les architectures de services, (ii) un nombre limité de méthodes d'extraction découvrent ce modèle sans connaître ni les instances positives du protocole, ni l'information pour les déduire, et (iii) les approches actuelles se basent sur des hypothèses restrictives que seule une fraction des services Web issus du monde réel satisfont. Rendre possible l'extraction de ces modèles d'interaction des journaux d'activité, en se basant sur des hypothèses réalistes nécessite: (i) des approches qui font abstraction du contexte de l'entreprise afin de permettre une utilisation élargie et générique, et (ii) des outils pour évaluer le résultat de la fouille à travers la mise en œuvre du cycle de vie des modèles découverts de services. En outre, puisque les journaux d'interaction sont souvent incomplets, comportent des erreurs et de l'information incertaine, alors les approches d'extraction proposées dans cette thèse doivent être capables de traiter ces imperfections correctement. Nous proposons un ensemble de modèles mathématiques qui englobent les différents aspects de la fouille des protocoles-métiers. Les approches d'extraction que nous présentons, issues de l'algèbre linéaire, nous permettent d'extraire le protocole-métier tout en fusionnant les étapes classiques de la fouille des processus-métiers. D'autre part, notre représentation du protocole basée sur des séries temporelles des variations de densité de flux permet de récupérer l'ordre temporel de l'exécution des événements et des messages dans un processus. En outre, nous proposons la définition des expirations propres pour identifier les transitions temporisées, et fournissons une méthode pour les extraire en dépit de leur propriété d'être invisible dans les journaux. Finalement, nous présentons un cadre multitâche visant à soutenir toutes les étapes du cycle de vie des workflow de processus et des protocoles, allant de la conception à l'optimisation. Les approches présentées dans ce manuscrit ont été implantées dans des outils de prototypage, et validées expérimentalement sur des ensembles de données et des modèles de processus et de services Web. Le protocole-métier découvert, peut ensuite être utilisé pour effectuer une multitude de tâches dans une organisation ou une entreprise.

Résumé indisponible

The recent trend in health care has been on the development and implementation of clinical guidelines to support and comply with evidence-based care. Evidence-based care is established with a view to improve the overall quality of care for patients, reduce costs, and address medico-legal issues. One of the main questions addressed by this thesis is how to support guideline-based care. It is recognised that this is better achieved by taking into consideration the provider workflow. However, workflow support remains a challenging (and hence rarely seen) accomplishment in practice, particularly in the context of chronic disease management (CDM). Our view is that guidelines can be knowledge-engineered into four main artefacts: electronic health record (EHR) content, computer-interpretable guideline (CiG), workflow and hypermedia. The next question is then how to coordinate and make use of these artefacts in a health information system (HIS). We leverage the EHR since we view this as the core component to any HIS. / PhD Doctorate

Zugl.: Sankt Gallen, Univ., Diss., 2009

A modelagem do processo de negócio é uma abordagem da década de 1990 para melhoria do desempenho das organizações, que volta atualmente como forte contribuinte para a melhoria de desempenho das organizações. É com essa abordagem que esta pesquisa realiza a modelagem de um Processo Desenvolvimento de Produtos (PDP) de uma empresa de fabricação mecânica, que manufatura máquinas e equipamentos para apoiar a produção em frigoríficos, na região oeste Catarinense. A modelagem do PDP utiliza o padrão Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) apoiada pelo aplicativo Intalio BPMS. O objetivo da pesquisa é avaliar a modelagem com BPMN para a formalização do Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos e como tratar as complexidades e interações intrínsecas deste processo, em pequenas empresas de fabricação mecânica. A modelagem com BPMN é estruturada na avalição do PDP de uma empresa selecionada e de observações in loco da execução do processo. A metodologia adotada para desenvolvimento da modelagem do PDP da empresa considerou os seguintes aspectos: i) estudo de uma empresa; ii) modelagem informacional; iii) automação do modelo e execução; iv) implementação do modelo do PDP na empresa. Também são apresentadas as características do Modelo Unificado de Rozenfeld et al. (2006), usado como referência para sistematizar a modelagem do Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos da empresa, através de avaliação do processo da empresa. Uma breve descrição é feita para apresentar as características dos principais padrões usados na Modelagem de Processos de Negócios, incluindo os principais aplicativos computacionais usados para apoiar os padrões de modelagem. Os resultados foram divididos em duas partes, em modelos abstratos estáticos e dinâmicos. O modelo abstrato estático tem caráter informacional, apresentando riqueza de detalhes, na forma de um mapa detalhado do processo. Para automação, esse modelo estático foi desdobrado em outros dois modelos abstratos, que são configurados para se tornarem dinâmicos, visando a implementação e execução de forma a atender satisfatoriamente a realidade da execução do processo na empresa. O primeiro modelo abstrato dinâmico implementado e executado define o produto e finaliza com a decisão do cliente sobre o orçamento solicitado ao setor de vendas da empresa. O segundo modelo abstrato dinâmico inicia com a aprovação do orçamento pelo cliente, dado início a atividades de projeto informacional e finaliza com a liberação para produção. Essa abordagem visa minimizar as complexidades de modelagem do processo e das particularidades especificas da empresa. A modelagem do PDP com o modelo de referência e a aplicação do padrão BPMN apoiado pelo Intalio BPMS permitiu relatar boas práticas, lições aprendidas, dificuldades e facilidades encontradas. Além disso, o PDP formalizado pela modelagem com BPMN e Intalio BPMS proporcionou mudanças significativas na execução atual do processo, contribuindo para maior integração entre os participantes. / Modeling the business process and an approach of the 1990s to improve the performance of organizations, this currently returns as a strong contributor to the improvement of performance of organizations Packing Company, in the region west of Santa Catarina State. Modeling the PDP uses the standard Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) supported by the application Intalio BPMS. The objective of the research and evaluate the modeling with BPMN for the formalization of the development process of products and how to deal with the complexities and intrinsic interactions of this process, in small companies of mechanical manufacturing. The modeling with BPMN and structured in evaluation of PDP a company selected and comments on the site of the work, the execution of the process. The methodology adopted for the development of modeling PDP the company considered the following aspects: (i) study of a company; (ii) informational modeling; (iii) the automation model and implementation; (iv) implementation of the model of the PDP in the company. Also presented are the characteristics of Unified Model of Rozenfeld et al. (2006), used as a reference to systematize the modeling of the Products Development Process of the company, through evaluation of the process of the company. A brief description and made to have the characteristics of the major standards used in the modeling of business processes, including the main computational applications used to support the standards of modeling. The results were divided into two parts, in abstract models static and dynamic. The abstract model has static informational character, presenting richness of detail, in the form of a detailed map of the process. For automation, this static model was unfolded in two other abstract models, which are configured to become dynamic, aiming at the implementation and execution in order to meet satisfactorily the reality of the implementation of the process in the company. The first abstract model dynamic implemented and executed defines the product and finishes with the customer's decision on the budget requested the sales of the company. The second abstract model dynamic starts with the approval of the budget by the customer, initiated the activities of project informational and ends with the release to production. This approach aims to minimize the complexities of modeling the process and the specific peculiarities of the company. Modeling the PDP with the reference model and the application of standard BPMN supported by Intalio BPMS allowed report best practices, lessons learned, difficulties and facilities found. In addition, the PDP formalized by modeling with BPMN and Intalio BPMS provided significant changes in the implementation of the current process, contributing to greater integration between the participants.

The assingment of tasks to resources of a workflow system is called task distribution. The task distribution is an important activity for workflow systems, because it is necessary to ensure that a task is performed by the appropriate resource in due time. There are several approaches to task distribution in workflow systems. This work innovates by using a Link Analysis technique applied to the task distribution. The Link Analysis is used to rank the result of a web query. The rank is performed by considering the relevance of the pages. This work presents the application of Link Analysis in the context of workflow task distribution. We have proposed a new task distribution algorithm (wf-hits) based on Link Analysis algorithm. We have compared wf-hits against other related ones. This comparison have considered quantitative and qualitative aspects. The experiments have shown that the use of wf-hits has improved workflow systems 25% in quantitative terms meanwhile the qualitative terms has maintained the same level of similar related works. / A entrega de tarefas para que sejam executadas pelos recursos de um sistema de work ow é chamada de distribuição de tarefas. A distribuição de tarefas é uma atividade importante para os sistemas de work ow, pois ´e necessário assegurar que uma determinada tarefa seja executada pelo recurso apropriado no tempo devido. Há várias abordagens para a distribuição de tarefas em sistemas de workflow. Este trabalho inova ao utilizar uma técnica oriunda da Análise de Ligações (Link Analysis) aplicada à distribuição de tarefas. A Link Analysis é utilizada para classificar o resultado de uma consulta na internet. A classificação é realizada considerando a relevância das páginas. O presente trabalho propõe a aplicação da Link Analysis no contexto da distribuição de tarefas em sistemas de work ow. É proposto um novo algoritmo para a distribuição de tarefas (wf-hits) que é baseado no algoritmo de Link Analysis. O algoritmo wf-hits é comparado com trabalhos correlatos em termos quantitativos e qualitativos. Os experimentos realizados mostraram que a utilização do wf-hits na distribuição de tarefas aos recursos em sistemas de workflow representa ganhos na ordem de 25% em termos quantitativos mantendo os mesmos patamares de qualidade dos trabalhos relacionados. / Mestre em Ciência da Computação

Este trabalho tem por fim especificar um modelo de descrição de tarefas, usando a tecnologia de workflow para representar a automação das atividades de autoria de cursos em ambientes distribuídos como a web, baseado em um modelo interacionista de cooperação. Busca, também, obter respostas relevantes às necessidades de especificação de workflow, tendo em vista a possibilidade de agregar ou modificar alguns elementos, para que possam expressar situações não previstas nos modelos atuais. O interesse deste trabalho em workflow devese ao fato de as tarefas nele desenvolvidas se relacionarem à autoria de documentos multimídia, tais como os utilizados em educação a distância, que compreendem não somente a construção, mas os processos cooperativos que sugerem as decisões, as escolhas, as preferências durante o processo de autoria. A abordagem proposta trata o problema da concepção do workflow de forma declarativa, através de um modelo que permita especificar tarefas, assim como sua ordenação temporal. A ordenação temporal pode ser obtida através do sequenciamento, seleção e interação de atividades, bem como através de propriedades que identificam o início e o fim de cada atividade. Por último, este trabalho visa estender as possibilidades da construção dos modelos de workflow, propondo uma técnica de planejamento que possibilite uma política de alocação dos autores associando a disponibilidade de tempo e as competências envolvidas na execução das atividades. Assim, o objetivo que se busca é um modelo de processo de autoria que possibilite expressar a interação e cooperação entre os autores, através de uma política de alocação que seja orientada pelas competências para execução de determinadas atividades. / This work aims to specify a model of description of tasks, using workflow technology to represent the automation of e-learning authoring activities in a distributed environment as the web, based on an interacionist model of cooperation. It also has the objective of obtaining important answers to workflow specification needs, taking into consideration the possibility to add or modify some elements, so that they can express situations not foreseen in current models. The interest of this work in workflow relies in the fact that the developed tasks in are related to the multimedia documents authoring, such as those used in distance education. These comprise not only construction, but the cooperative processes that suggest decisions, choices, and preferences during the authoring process. The proposed approach deals with the workflow conception problem of the in a declarative way, through a model that allows the specification of tasks, as well as the temporary ordination. The temporary ordination can be obtained by the sequence, selection and interaction of activities, as well as, by the properties which identify the beginning and the end of each activity. Finally, this work seeks to extend the possibilities of workflow models construction, proposing a planning technique that makes possible an author’s allocation politic which associates time availability and the competences involved in the activities. Therefore, the objective of this work is an authorship process model that enables to express the interaction and cooperation among authors, by a competence for performing certain activities guided allocation politic.

Nurses are often the first members of the health care team with whom patients interact. The initial impression of the nurses’ receptiveness to the patients’ needs influences the patients’ views of their overall care. Researchers have suggested that understanding communication between individuals can provide the human link, or social element, to the successful implementation and use of electronic health records, including documentation (Lanham, Leykum, & McDaniel, 2012). Zadvinskis, Chipps, and Yen (2014) identified that the helpful features of bedside documentation systems were offset by the mismatch between the system and nurse’s workflow. The purpose of this micro-ethnography study was to explore the culture of nurse-patient interaction associated with electronic documentation at the bedside. Data were collected through passive participant observation, audio-taping of the nurse-patient interactions, and informal and semi-structured interviews with the nurses. A total of twenty-six observations were conducted on three nursing units at an urban healthcare facility in New England. These three units were occupied by similar patient populations and all patients required cardiac monitoring. Three themes consistently emerged from qualitative data analysis: the nurses paused during verbal communication, the nurses played a game of tag between the patient and the computer, and the nurses performed automatic or machine-like actions. The participants described these themes in the informal and semi-structured interviews. The nurses’ actions were observed during passive participant observation, and the audio-taped interactions supported these themes. Understanding the adaptation of caregiving necessitated by bedside electronic documentation will have a positive impact on developing systems that interface seamlessly with the nurses’ workflow and encourage patients’ active participation in their care.

Este trabalho tem por fim especificar um modelo de descrição de tarefas, usando a tecnologia de workflow para representar a automação das atividades de autoria de cursos em ambientes distribuídos como a web, baseado em um modelo interacionista de cooperação. Busca, também, obter respostas relevantes às necessidades de especificação de workflow, tendo em vista a possibilidade de agregar ou modificar alguns elementos, para que possam expressar situações não previstas nos modelos atuais. O interesse deste trabalho em workflow devese ao fato de as tarefas nele desenvolvidas se relacionarem à autoria de documentos multimídia, tais como os utilizados em educação a distância, que compreendem não somente a construção, mas os processos cooperativos que sugerem as decisões, as escolhas, as preferências durante o processo de autoria. A abordagem proposta trata o problema da concepção do workflow de forma declarativa, através de um modelo que permita especificar tarefas, assim como sua ordenação temporal. A ordenação temporal pode ser obtida através do sequenciamento, seleção e interação de atividades, bem como através de propriedades que identificam o início e o fim de cada atividade. Por último, este trabalho visa estender as possibilidades da construção dos modelos de workflow, propondo uma técnica de planejamento que possibilite uma política de alocação dos autores associando a disponibilidade de tempo e as competências envolvidas na execução das atividades. Assim, o objetivo que se busca é um modelo de processo de autoria que possibilite expressar a interação e cooperação entre os autores, através de uma política de alocação que seja orientada pelas competências para execução de determinadas atividades. / This work aims to specify a model of description of tasks, using workflow technology to represent the automation of e-learning authoring activities in a distributed environment as the web, based on an interacionist model of cooperation. It also has the objective of obtaining important answers to workflow specification needs, taking into consideration the possibility to add or modify some elements, so that they can express situations not foreseen in current models. The interest of this work in workflow relies in the fact that the developed tasks in are related to the multimedia documents authoring, such as those used in distance education. These comprise not only construction, but the cooperative processes that suggest decisions, choices, and preferences during the authoring process. The proposed approach deals with the workflow conception problem of the in a declarative way, through a model that allows the specification of tasks, as well as the temporary ordination. The temporary ordination can be obtained by the sequence, selection and interaction of activities, as well as, by the properties which identify the beginning and the end of each activity. Finally, this work seeks to extend the possibilities of workflow models construction, proposing a planning technique that makes possible an author’s allocation politic which associates time availability and the competences involved in the activities. Therefore, the objective of this work is an authorship process model that enables to express the interaction and cooperation among authors, by a competence for performing certain activities guided allocation politic.

abstract: Clinicians confront formidable challenges with information management and coordination activities. When not properly integrated into clinical workflow, technologies can further burden clinicians’ cognitive resources, which is associated with medical errors and risks to patient safety. An understanding of workflow is necessary to redesign information technologies (IT) that better support clinical processes. This is particularly important in surgical care, which is among the most clinical and resource intensive settings in healthcare, and is associated with a high rate of adverse events. There are a growing number of tools to study workflow; however, few produce the kinds of in-depth analyses needed to understand health IT-mediated workflow. The goals of this research are to: (1) investigate and model workflow and communication processes across technologies and care team members in post-operative hospital care; (2) introduce a mixed-method framework, and (3) demonstrate the framework by examining two health IT-mediated tasks. This research draws on distributed cognition and cognitive engineering theories to develop a micro-analytic strategy in which workflow is broken down into constituent people, artifacts, information, and the interactions between them. It models the interactions that enable information flow across people and artifacts, and identifies dependencies between them. This research found that clinicians manage information in particular ways to facilitate planned and emergent decision-making and coordination processes. Barriers to information flow include frequent information transfers, clinical reasoning absent in documents, conflicting and redundant data across documents and applications, and that clinicians are burdened as information managers. This research also shows there is enormous variation in how clinicians interact with electronic health records (EHRs) to complete routine tasks. Variation is best evidenced by patterns that occur for only one patient case and patterns that contain repeated events. Variation is associated with the users’ experience (EHR and clinical), patient case complexity, and a lack of cognitive support provided by the system to help the user find and synthesize information. The methodology is used to assess how health IT can be improved to better support clinicians’ information management and coordination processes (e.g., context-sensitive design), and to inform how resources can best be allocated for clinician observation and training. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Biomedical Informatics 2017