Simulation is currently becoming an important tool for analysing business processes. Their main advantage is the transfer of the real system into a computer model to which it is possible to experiment. In this diploma thesis are applied simulation models to analyse the utilization of specific employees of the company. The analysis is performed on a special simulation program, which is already used in many companies. In the first and second part is given of the theory from simulation and human resource management. In the third part is already done the analysis of company with achieved values. The results are evident certain recommendations that could help to spread the work among the individual employees.

Introdução: Existem algumas evidências relacionando o aumento da sonolência com o aumento do consumo de carboidratos, o que é particularmente relevante para trabalhadores noturnos.Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de alterações no conteúdo de proteínas e carboidratos da alimentação noturna na sonolência de trabalhadores noturnos. Métodos: A população era do sexo masculino, com idade média de 32 anos (dp=6,5anos). O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. A primeira etapa contou com 54 seguranças que foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica e responderam a um questionário sobre aspectos da vida, trabalho e sintomas de saúde e Recordatório de 24 horas (R24h) de três dias. A segunda etapa durou 3 semanas da qual participaram, após sorteio, 24 seguranças. Nesta etapa foi avaliado o ciclo vigília-sono, através de actigrafia, protocolos diários de atividade e Escala de Sonolência Karolinska (KSS). A mudança do conteúdo da alimentação ocorreu em 2 semanas. Na primeira, foi aumentado o conteúdo de carboidratos por 5 dias; após 2 dias, houve aumento no conteúdo de proteínas, também por 5 dias. Resultados: Os níveis de alerta foram analisados antes e após a refeição na empresa e não revelaram nenhum efeito significativo durante as 3 condições. Porém, quando estes mesmos níveis de alerta foram analisados, levando-se em consideração o IMC verificou-se uma interação entre o IMC acima de 30kg/m2 e o nível de alerta, durante a semana de modificação no conteúdo de carboidratos (p<0,05). O consumo médio de calorias foi de 2.808 kcal (dp=568,6). As médias de consumo foram: proteínas 99,1 gramas (dp=80,9), carboidratos 291,5 gramas (dp=61,7) e lipídeos 38,4 gramas (dp=34,9). Quando comparadas às Dietary References Intakes (DRI), foi verificado que, em relação às calorias, mais da metade dos participantes apresentavam ingestão adequada; quanto às proteínas apenas 11 por cento estavam adequados e 68,5 por cento consumiam carboidratos de forma adequada, o que não ocorreu com os lipídeos, pois 94,4 por cento dos participantes consumiram este nutriente acima das recomendações. Conclusões: O conteúdo de carboidratos da refeição noturna parece exercer um efeito na sonolência dos indivíduos sobrepesos e obesos / Introduction: There is some evidence linking the increased sleepiness with increased consumption of carbohydrates, which is particularly important for night workers. Objective: To evaluate the effects of changes in content of protein and carbohydrate food at night in the sleepiness of night workers. Methods: The population was male security guards, mean age 32 years (SD = 6.5 years). The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage had 54 security guards who underwent anthropometric measurements and answered a questionnaire about aspects of life style, work and health symptoms and 24-hour recall (24HR) for three days. The second stage lasted for 3 weeks which involved randomly assigned, 24 security guards. In this step it was evaluated the sleep-wake cycle through actigraphy, daily activity protocols and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). Changing the contents of feeding occurred in 2 weeks. At first it was the carbohydrate content increased by 5 days, after two days, there was an increase in protein content, also for 5 days. Results: Alertness levels were assessed before and after the meal in the company and revealed no significant effect during the three conditions. But when these same alert levels were analyzed, taking into account the BMI there was an interaction between BMI above 30kg/m2 and the level of alert during the week of change in carbohydrate content (p<0.05). The average consumption of calories was 2808 kcal (SD = 568.6). Consumption averages were: 99.1 g protein (SD = 80.9), carbohydrates 291.5 g (sd = 61.7) and 38.4 g fat (SD = 34.9). When compared to the Dietary References Intakes (DRI), it was noted that in relation to calories, more than half of participants had adequate intake, as protein only 11 percent were adequate and 68.5 percent consumed carbohydrates properly, the but not with lipids, because 94.4 percent of participants consumed above this nutrient recommendations. Conclusions: The content of carbohydrates in the evening meal seems to exert an effect on sleepiness among overweight and obese individuals

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-09-04T18:43:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NelzivaniaGaliza.pdf: 3040584 bytes, checksum: 8f23859228f18c2d6dab631e4fe9ff3c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-04T18:43:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NelzivaniaGaliza.pdf: 3040584 bytes, checksum: 8f23859228f18c2d6dab631e4fe9ff3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-04 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão / This study aims to bethink the women leaders working in communities in inner of Maranhão state. In this sense, will be highlighted contents related to this topic. From the interviews of ten women leaders, it analyzes their social context, highlighting the implications of community relations - a key component for the realization of union links between residents, aiding the building of place of solidarity and cooperation notions. It enables the formation of a coexistence, protection and support atmosphere. It also notes that Maranhão agrarian space still maintains a humble appearance. It is common to observe poverty scenarios that can be thrusters to situations of inequality in land distribution. It is a current fact visible in the routine of the interviewees. Rural work is a coping mechanism of deprivation and exclusion conditions. However, for women, this is a historic problem, once they were not identified as such, being directed to them only household chores. To overcome this situation, they sought as an alternative the organization in women's movements to be recognized as rural workers. The reality of course is complex, especially for women struggling to deconstruct the patriarchal logic under which are still submitted. Trying to get out of these cultural ties is permeated by struggles, questions, awareness and violence, too. The contribution to theoretically discuss this dissertation uses Community Psychology, articulating with the field research to elucidate the researcher‟s views on the subject. Thus, by a means of investigation, it points out some issues that deserve attention. Community environment seem as fertile ground for structuring a community leader from the trust placed in it by other inhabitants and personal will to bring about change. It also highlighted that relations of support, solidarity and loveliness are a fundamental part of its dynamic and it can be seen that unequal relations between women and men are still customary in the life of the countryside, but a long way has been traveled for change. This shows the leaders interviewed already manifest as political and processing subjects. / O presente estudo tem como finalidade refletir sobre as lideranças femininas que atuam em comunidades no interior do Maranhão. Nesse sentido, serão destacados conteúdos que se relacionam com essa temática. A partir das entrevistas de dez mulheres líderes, foi possível elaborar uma análise do seu contexto social, ressaltando as implicações das relações comunitárias, que é um componente fundamental para a efetivação dos vínculos de união entre os(as) moradores(as) e que auxiliam na construção de um lugar contemplado por noções de solidariedade e cooperação, possibilitando a formação de uma atmosfera de convivência, proteção e apoio. Destaca-se que o espaço agrário maranhense ainda mantém um aspecto modesto, logo é possível observar alguns cenários de pobreza que podem ser propulsores para situações de desigualdade na distribuição de terra, fato presente na rotina das entrevistadas. O trabalho rural é um mecanismo de enfretamento de condições de carência e exclusão, no entanto, para as mulheres, esse é um problema histórico, posto que elas não eram identificadas como tal, sendo direcionadas a elas apenas tarefas domésticas. Para superar essa conjuntura, buscaram como alternativa a organização em movimentos de mulheres para serem reconhecidas como trabalhadoras rurais. A realidade do campo é complexa, principalmente para as mulheres que precisam lutar para desconstruir a lógica patriarcalista a qual ainda são submetidas. A tentativa de sair dessas amarras culturais é permeada por lutas, questionamentos, tomada de consciência e também violência. O aporte para discutir teoricamente essa dissertação foi o saber da Psicologia Comunitária, que articulo com a pesquisa de campo para elucidar minhas impressões sobre o tema. Dessa forma, pela via da investigação realizada aponto algumas questões que merecem atenção. O ambiente comunitário se apresenta como terreno propício para a estruturação de uma liderança comunitária a partir da confiança depositada nela pelos(as) demais habitantes e pela vontade pessoal de promover mudanças. Nele, também foi verificado que as relações de apoio, solidariedade e amorosidade são parte fundamental de sua dinâmica e pode-se constatar que as relações desiguais entre mulheres e homens ainda são habituais na vida da zona rural, porém um caminho longo foi percorrido para alteração dessa conjuntura, principalmente porque elas (as lideranças entrevistadas) já se manifestam como sujeitos políticos e de transformação.

O objetivo da pesquisa é compreender os significados e os sentidos do trabalho e da carreira de trabalhadores de seis países das Américas (Argentina, Brasil, Colômbia, Chile, México e Peru) e sua relação com discursos e práticas discursivas presentes nas narrativas de sujeitos trabalhadores. Através de uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, se obteve informações de duas fontes: textos e notícias de jornais e blogs dos países pesquisados durante um período de três semanas e entrevistas a 5 pessoas de cada país analisado, com idade limite de até 28 anos. As narrativas e práticas discursivas dos textos e das entrevistas mostram uma presença significativa de valores liberais como a autonomia, independência e a individualidade tanto na sugestão de modelos privilegiados de sujeito (nos textos de jornais e páginas de internet encontrados) como de constituição da carreira das pessoas entrevistadas. A primeira definição de trabalho dos participantes regularmente refere a condições concretas da atividade, elemento que também aparece na imagem que os textos de jornais passam sobre o que é considerado trabalho. No caso de alguns participantes, a exploração da trajetória permite ampliar a referência sobre trabalho e a consideração das implicações dessa atividade na própria vida. O trabalho é considerado importante para os participantes, mas ao mesmo tempo são narradas outras dimensões da vida do sujeito que ajudam na configuração do sentido e o significado do trabalho e carreira. Na configuração de carreiras, os referentes de família e pessoas consideradas importantes pelos participantes, constituem referentes importantes nas escolhas de carreira e nas aproximações ao mundo do trabalho. Discursos de empreendimento ligados a valores liberais aparecem como desejo de realização de carreira e imagem do trabalhador modelo a seguir. São discutidas a presença destes discursos nas narrativas como elementos que participam no desenvolvimento de subjetividades de trabalhadores na contemporaneidade / The research aim is to understand the meanings and senses of the work and career of workers from six countries in the Americas (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Mexico and Peru) and their relation with discursive and discursive practices in the narratives of working subjects. Through a qualitative and descriptive research, information for the analysis was used from two sources: texts and news from newspapers and blogs of the countries analyzed, during a period of three weeks, and interviews with five people from each analyzed country, with age limit of up to 28 years. The narratives and discursive practices of texts and interviews show a significant presence of liberal values such as autonomy, independence and individuality both in the suggestion of privileged models of subject (in the texts of newspapers and Internet pages found) and in the constitution of the career of people interviewed. The first definition of work of the participants commonly refers to concrete conditions of the activity; this also appears in the image that the texts of newspapers show on what work is considered. In the case of some participants, the exploration of the careers allows to increase the reference on work and the consideration of the implications of this activity in the own life. Work is considered important to the participants, but at the same time other dimensions of the subject\'s life are narrated which help in shaping the meaning and senses of work and career. In the career construction, the family and people considered important by the participants are important references in career choices and approaches to the world of work. Entrepreneurial discourses linked to liberal values appear as a desire to realize a career and image of the model of worker to follow. The presence of these discourses in the narratives are discussed as elements that participate in the development of the subjectivities of workers in contemporary times

At the top of the hierarchy, construction project managers emphasise that safety is a key priority; and at its bottom, front-­line workers do not turn up to work to get hurt. Yet, somewhere within the organisation it goes wrong, as accidents still occur. Research has suggested that unsafe acts contribute to over 80% of accidents, and hence reducing or eliminating unsafe acts should take a significant step forward to improving construction safety. While it has been recognised that the vast majority of accidents are still caused by unsafe behaviour, research has shown that organisational and cultural factors considerably affect unsafe work behaviour. This study aims to provide insights on unsafe acts that were committed by construction mangers and operatives; as well as providing insights on the effects a multinational workforce has on unsafe behaviours. Hence, the content within this thesis has purely focused on ‘unsafety’ rather than safe practices, and there were many good safety practices on the QC (Queensferry Crossing). It is the premise that by concentrating on ‘unsafety’, theoretical and practical insights can be gathered for safety improvements in the construction industry. This investigation explores this problem on a large multinational construction project in the UK, the QC. The contractors of the QC, Dragados of Spain, Hochtief of Germany, Morrison of the UK and American Bridge, represent Forth Crossing Bridge Constructors (FCBC). Adopting an interpretive paradigm, this study used a qualitative approach through ethnographic methods. A moderate participant observer approach was implemented; where the researcher adopted a role as a member of the H&S department and frequented the research setting between one and three times a week for almost three years. The contribution of this research is the in-­depth ethnographic insights into the complexity of unsafe acts. The insights revealed that: there was a blame culture, creating an environment that was very difficult to learn from; that some cost-­saving strategies appeared to increase safety risks; some H&S rules were viewed as excessive and inflexible by construction workers, and therefore their were times when workers used their own judgement about when to follow the rules; there were communication barriers with migrant workers, and the one in six translator policy used in an attempt to overcome this was far from ideal; and that the different ways of working that foreign subcontractors had meant they were difficult to manage, monitor and adjust. The findings revealed that there were two main underlying themes that were influential in the undertaking of unsafe acts: firstly, the perceived compensation culture and secondly, tight financial budgets. The fear of compensation claims appeared to prompt the H&S rules that were viewed as excessive, and took away ‘common sense’ from some procedures. The operatives desired more of a common sense approach, and felt at times they needed to break the rules in order to complete the job. The fear of claims also appeared to lead to the unconscious adoption of a ‘Person approach’ perspective, which concentrates on individual error and blame, and as far as possible uncouples organisational responsibility from an individual’s unsafe acts. This approach is inextricably linked to a blame culture, where accidents were under-­reported, misreported and reported late. The second theme was tight financial budgets. Previous research has explained that the competitive tendering process in the industry can discourage contractors from factoring into bids the cost of performing the work safely. In this research study, there appeared to be additional risks taken for schedule or cost reasons. Directors and senior managers acknowledged there was significant pressure for production, construction site managers believed the budget they were working with was too tight, and construction operatives explained that a phrase used on site was ‘just get it done’. To cope with production pressure construction site managers used undercover and informal reward schemes, referred to as ‘Vegas Time’ in this study. These schemes strongly incentivise production, potentially at the cost of safety. Ethnographic insights also revealed the areas where cost saving strategies appeared to increase safety risks, such as temporary designs, labour shortages, machinery and equipment. One of the most obvious cost-­saving strategies was to employ a cheap multinational workforce. However this led to many challenges with communication and different work practices, which was also perceived as an additional safety risk. The theoretical implications of this research work is that to avoid additional safety risks from occurring due to cost-­saving strategies, occupational health and safety considerations should be planned and priced for in more detail during the tender stage. Also, the eradication or reduction of the perceived compensation culture would increase the likelihood of adopting the System perspective to unsafe acts, rather than a Person approach, which is inextricably linked to a blame culture.

No decorrer da história humana, a hanseníase esteve atrelada ao imaginário social da lepra e do leproso, produzindo significados e sentidos relacionados ao isolamento dos acometidos, a caridade, ao estigma e preconceito. O que está em produção social e que regem as práticas profissionais não estão descritos apenas nos manuais e nas rotinas dos serviços de saúde, mas também são guiados pelos significados e sentidos do processo saúde-doença-cuidado. Para Vigotski significados e sentidos são construídos socialmente nas relações socioculturais, a partir da interação com o outro. Diante disso, buscamos responder a seguinte pergunta: Quais são os significados e sentidos da hanseníase para os trabalhadores da saúde de serviços ambulatoriais, de uma cidade no interior paulista, voltados ao tratamento de hanseníase? Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi de analisar os significados da hanseníase para os trabalhadores da saúde. Utilizou-se a abordagem histórico-cultural, por meio da proposta da identificação dos Núcleos de Significação provenientes da análise das entrevistas com os trabalhadores. Ao todo, o estudo, contou com a participação de treze trabalhadores de diferentes disciplinas (enfermagem, medicina, serviço social e fisioterapia). Os resultados foram discutidos dentro de quatro capítulos. No capítulo 1 foi abordado os aspectos relacionados a vivência pessoal dos participantes (infância, formação, trabalho, família) em relação a hanseníase. Alguns trabalhadores contaram que tiveram algum familiar ou conhecido próximo com hanseníase e, relatam como essa experiência influenciou nas formas de significar a doença. Muitos relataram que tiveram uma formação deficiente ou até mesmo nula em relação a hanseníase. No segundo capítulo, identificou-se aspectos relacionados ao estigma e ao preconceito ainda presente na sociedade, mesmo após a descoberta da poliquimioterapia. Aspectos estes enraizados culturalmente e que vem sendo traduzidos nas ações das políticas públicas e do trabalho em saúde. O terceiro capítulo relaciona-se as dicotomias, desafios e potencialidades no cotidiano dos trabalhadores da saúde, o qual identificou o olhar e a postura dos profissionais atrelados ao sentimento de \"dó\", caridade, contrariando os princípios da política nacional de humanização. O último capítulo foi escrito buscando articular questões entre a hanseníase e a tuberculose, no contexto francês e brasileiro a partir da experiência da pesquisadora. Em suma, os significados e sentidos são produtos históricos e sociais e são construídos desde a infância, perpassam a vida profissional e continuam se modificando no decorrer do dia a dia do trabalho. / Throughout human history, Hansen\'s disease has been linked to the social imagery of leprosy and lepers, producing meanings and senses related to the isolation of those affected and to charity, stigma and prejudice. What is in social production and that govern professional practices are not only described in the manuals and routines of health services, but are also guided by the meanings and senses of the health-disease-care process. For Vygotsky meanings and senses are socially constructed in sociocultural relations, from the interaction with another. In view of this, we sought to answer the following question: What are the meanings and senses of Hansen\'s disease from the point of view of outpatient services health workers from a city in São Paulo state focused on this disease treatment? In this context, this study aimed to analyze the meanings of Hansen\'s disease for health workers. The historical-cultural approach was adopted, by means of the proposal of the meaning core identification from the analysis of the interviews with the health workers. In total, thirteen workers attended the study from different disciplines (nursing, medicine, social work and physiotherapy). The results were discussed within four chapters. In chapter 1, the aspects related to the personal experience of the participants (childhood, training, work, family) in relation to Hansen\'s disease were presented. Some workers reported having had a close family member or acquaintance with this disease, and described how that experience influenced the ways of meaning it. Many have reported that they have had a poor or even null training in Hansen\'s disease. In the second chapter, aspects related to the stigma and prejudice still present in society, even after the discovery of multidrug therapy, were pointed out. These aspects are culturally rooted and have been translated into public policies and health work. The third chapter concerns the dichotomies, challenges and potentialities in the daily routine of health workers, which identified the look and posture of professionals linked to the feeling of \"pitty\" and charity, contradicting the principles of the National Humanization Policy. The last chapter was written seeking to articulate questions between Hansen\'s disease and tuberculosis, in the French and Brazilian contexts, based on the researcher\'s experience. In sum, meanings and senses are historical and social products that are built from childhood passing through professional life and continue to change in the course of daily work.

MPH, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences / Introduction Sex workers are considered to be a high risk group in the acquisition and transmission of sexually transmitted infections which include Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Infection with HPV has been clearly established as a causative agent that infects the cells of the cervix and slowly causes cellular changes (dysplasia) or abnormal cells that can later develop into cancer. Women who are HIV positive are thought to be at higher risk of having HPV infection, and subsequently also at higher risk of having abnormal cervical lesions. Objectives The main focus of this study is to describe the prevalence of abnormal Pap-smears among sex workers and to further identify the difference between Pap-smear results of sex workers who are HIV-positive and HIV negative. Methods This is a retrospective descriptive study, where data was obtained from sex workers records from January 2004 to December 2006. The study population included all sex workers who attended the Esselen Street Clinic and sex worker outreach clinic in Hillbrow, in the inner-city of Johannesburg. Three hundred and nine records were randomly selected, of which 200 met the inclusion criteria. Data was collected on socio-demographic information including the age and place of residence, laboratory results (Pap-smear and HIV) and history of sexually transmitted infection at the last physical examination. Extracted data was captured in excel spreadsheet and transferred to Stata Computer Package software version 9.0 for data management and analysis. Descriptive analysis included frequency distributions of categorical variables (e.g. residence, Pap-smear results, HIV status and age group) and summary statistics of continuous variables (e.g. age). Pearson chi-square test or Fisher Exact test when necessary, where conducted to obtain proportions of the sex workers with abnormal Pap-smear results corresponding to each category of the explanatory variables for example age, HIV status and place of residence or business or business transactions. For continuous explanatory variables, such as age, two sample t-tests were used to determine differences between sex workers in terms of abnormal and normal Pap-smears. In all statistical considerations, a probability level of ≤0.05 was used. Results There were 200 records which were analysed to achieve the study objectives. These included 146 records of HIV positive (73%) and 54 of HIV negative sex workers (27%). Their ages ranged from 18 to 45 years with a mean of 26.85 years and median of 26.0 years. More than 70% (n=141) of the sex workers were below the age of 30 years. More than two thirds of sex workers lived in hotels and almost 90% was considered to be symptomatic for STIs. Eighty-eight (44%) of the sex workers were found to have had an abnormal smear result, of whom 58 (65.9%) were below the age of 30 years. Age, as a continuous variable, and place of residence (living on the street) was found to be statistically significantly associated with having an abnormal smear result. However, age (being older than 30), having symptoms of an STI and being HIV positive was not found to be statistically significantly associated with having an abnormal Pap-smear result. Conclusion This study has shown that the prevalence of abnormal Pap-smears among Hillbrow sex workers was high, especially in young sex workers. Sex workers who operated from the street were found to have a higher percentage of abnormal smear results as compared to those operating from the brothels and flats, signifying a need for a controlled environment and to improve sex workers access to health care services. No significant association was found between HIV status and abnormal Pap-smears. Further studies are required in this area. The study indicates that they may be a need to review the National Cervical Cancer Screening Policy to take into consideration the needs of high risk population, such as sex workers.

A literatura empírica em economia do trabalho mostra que o tamanho do empregador afeta positivamente o salário de seus trabalhadores. O presente trabalho utiliza uma especificação empírica da equação salarial que inclui efeitos fixos para os trabalhadores, para o empregador e para a qualidade do match entre eles, de modo que explicações teóricas para a existência do efeito do tamanho do empregador possam ser testadas sem que vieses de variável omitida prejudiquem as conclusões. Esta especificação com três efeitos fixos ainda não foi utilizada na literatura empírica do efeito salarial do tamanho do empregador. Os resultados indicam que mais da metade do efeito do tamanho do empregador é explicado pela correlação do tamanho com as três heterogeneidades não observáveis e que devemos rejeitar a validade empírica das explicações fornecidas pelos modelos teóricos testados de forma geral. Contudo, ressaltamos que tais modelos podem se aplicar em circunstâncias específicas. / Economists have persistently found a positive relationship between the employer size and the wage earned by employees. This paper uses an empirical specification that controls for unobserved heterogeneity at three levels: worker, employer and match quality, for the first time in this literature. Thus, theoretical explanations of the employer size effect can be tested with estimation results that are not biased due to omitted variable problems. We show that more than half of the employer size effect is explained by the correlation between the employer size and the three heterogeneities. The results also suggest that we should reject the tested theoretical models as general explanations of the employer size effect. However, these models may explain the effect in some circumstances.

Este trabalho considera uma relação de risco moral em que as ações correntes do agente exercem um efeito persistente sobre os lucros futuros da firma, e investiga as implicações desta persistência sobre o desenho de seus títulos financeiros e sua política de investimentos. A partir de um modelo agente-principal em tempo contínuo, o contrato ótimo é implementado por meio de uma estrutura de capital sob a qual o agente controla tanto a política de investimento, quanto a de dividendos. O processo de investimento resultante segue uma média dependente do marginal, mas apresenta desvios desta em função dos lucros inesperados. Com isso, os investimentos da firma se mostram sensíveis a seus fluxos de caixa, de tal forma a fazer com que esta sensibilidade revele ao principal a informação que o agente detém de forma assimétrica. Por sua vez, o cupom pago pelos títulos de dívida emitidos pela firma não depende, contemporaneamente, desta informação assimétrica, mas apenas de forma defasada, quando esta então já fora devidamente revelada aos investidores por meio das variações de tamanho da firma. / This thesis considers a moral hazard relationship in which the agent current actions have a persistent effect on the future firm\'s profits, and investigates the implications of this persistence on the design of its financial securities and investment policy. From a principal-agent model in continuous time, the optimal contract is implemented through a capital structure under which the agent controls both the investment and dividends policy. The resulting investment process follows a mean dependent on the firm marginal , but shows deviations from that mean in function of the firm\'s unexpected profits. Thus, the firm\'s investments are sensitive to its cash flows, so to make this sensitivity reveals to the principal the information that the agent holds asymmetrically. In turn, the coupon paid by the firm debt does not depend, contemporaneously, on this asymmetric information but only so when it had been properly disclosed to investors by means of changes in firm size.

O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o estudo da intervenção estatal na questão da moradia operária no Brasil a partir da década de 1930, através da pesquisa sobre um dos mais importantes projetos da época: o Conjunto IAPI Vila Guiomar, construído a partir de 1939 no município de Santo André S.P. Esta obra representa um importante papel na história da habitação popular brasileira por ter constituído uma das primeiras tentativas estatais de construção de moradias em massa, utilizando os recursos previdenciários e os conceitos da arquitetura moderna. Apesar de existir uma grande lacuna documental sobre o assunto, o resultado foi um trabalho que reúne a sistematização e análise de dados, até então, dispersos em arquivos, relatórios e outras fontes, organizados em ordem cronológica. A pesquisa é dividida em quatro períodos, que vão até os dias atuais, e nos quais são abordados aspectos políticos, econômicos, sociais e técnicos de cada época como forma de contextualizar o estudo da obra. / The objective of this work is to contribute for the study of the state intervention in the subject of housing for workers in Brazil starting from the decade of 1930, through the research on one of the most important projects of that time: Conjunto IAPI Vila Guiomar, built starting from 1939 in the municipal district of Santo André - S.P. This work represents an important paper in the history of the Brazilian popular housing for having constituted one of the first state attempts of construction of homes in mass, using the resources of the Social Insurances and Welfare Institutes and the concepts of the modern architecture. In spite of a great documental gap about the subject, the result was a work that gathers the systemization and analysis of data, until then, dispersed in files, reports and other sources, organized in chronological order. The research is divided in four periods that go up the current days and in which political, economical, social and technical aspects of each time are approached as a form of creating a context for the study of the work.