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Syftet med studien var att undersöka kontaktpersonskap med fokus på kontaktpersoners erfarenheter av relationsprocessen med ungdomar. Uppsatsen bygger på en kvalitativ metod där empirin insamlades genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet visar att kontaktpersonerna fick olika roller i insatsen. Ömsesidighet, tillit, trygghet, öppenhet, äkthet, anpassning och tillgänglighet framkom som centralt i att bygga och upprätthålla relationer. Parternas kännedom om varandra, aktiviteter och kontaktpersonens förmåga att känna in ungdomen visade sig också vara centralt. Anledningar till avslut var olika och kontaktpersonerna kunde uppleva både lättnad, glädje och tomhet. Relationerna kunde fortsätta även efter avslut. Resultaten av denna studie visade sig i hög grad överensstämma med tidigare forskning. Tidigare forskning på den svenska kontaktpersonsinsatsen visade sig dock vara högst begränsad. Utifrån detta är det av stor vikt att vidare undersöka kontaktpersoninsatsen och relationsskapande med ungdomen för att kunna definiera utvecklingsområden med avsikt att effektivisera insatsen. / The aim of the study was to examine the contact person intervention focusing on contact persons' experiences of the relationship process with adolescents. Based on a qualitative method, the empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The result show that the contact persons had different roles in the intervention. Mutuality, trust, security, openness, authenticity, adaptation, and accessibility emerged as central to building and maintaining relationships. Knowledge of one another, activities, and the contact person's ability to empathize with the adolescent also proved central. The reasons for termination differed and the contact persons could experience relief, joy, and emptiness. Relationships could continue even after termination. The results proved highly consistent with previous research.However, previous research on the Swedish intervention proved to be very limited. It is of great importance to further investigate the intervention and relationship building with the adolescent to define developmental areas to make the intervention more effective.

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A primary goal of clinical supervision in counselor education programs is to develop trainees who express a level of self-awareness, competence, and self-efficacy from which to further develop as a counselor. A vital component of this process is for supervisees to disclose their thoughts and feelings about their clients, their self as a person, their work as a counselor, and experiences with their supervisor. However, current research suggests that it is common for supervisees to hold back personal and professional information from their supervisor leading to missed learning and growth opportunities. Through self-disclosure, trainees receive positive and negative supervisor feedback. It is important to examine how this may influence trainee confidence. It is hypothesized that self-efficacy will be threatened by low levels of supervisee self-disclosure. This study explored the relationship that exists between supervisee self-disclosure and supervisee self-efficacy, and what role the working alliance plays in the relationship. A total of 71counselor education students at three CACREP accredited institutions in Florida participate in the study. All participants had experienced at least one full semester of practicum or internship. A sub-sample of the 71, comprised of 32 participants, was also selected based on their responses to an abridged version of one of the three instruments used in the study. Both samples received equal statistical analyses. Overall, the results suggest that counselor education practicum or internship student self-disclosure was not able to explain their self-efficacy. Furthermore, when the participants' perception of the supervisory working alliance was added to their level of self-disclosure, the statistical results were mixed depending on the sample used.

Early termination and low retention of clients is a common problem in counseling, with between 65%-80% of clients terminating treatment before the 10th session (Garfield, 1994; Lambert, 2013). Researchers (Lampropoulous, Schneider, & Spengler, 2009; Owen, Smith, & Rodolfa, 2009) have found that predictors of early termination include client age, race, socioeconomic status, and level of perceived distress. Furthermore, racial and ethnic minorities underutilize mental health services and have low retention when engaged in services, highlighting the need for counseling professionals to empirically explore factors that may be contributing to client engagement of the counseling process. Exploration of multicultural competence and working alliances may increase understanding of the therapeutic factors that influence client outcomes. The purpose of this research study was to investigate relationships between multicultural competence, working alliance, and client outcomes as perceived by counselors-in-training and their clients (N = 191; n = 72 counselors'-in-training, n = 119 clients). The Tripartite Model of Multicultural Counseling (Arredondo et al., 1996) was used as the primary theoretical framework in which the study is grounded. This investigation explored clients' perceptions of their counselors'-in-training ' multicultural competence as measured by the Cross-Cultural Counseling Inventory ([CCCI-R]; LaFromboise, Coleman, & Hernandez, 1991), the working alliance as measured by the Working Alliance Inventory- Short Revision ([WAI-S]; Horvath & Greenberg, 1989; Tracey & Kovocivic, 1989) and prediction on client outcome as measured by the Outcome Questionnaire 45.2 ([OQ 45.2]; Lambert & Burlingame, 1996), after controlling for social desirability (as measured by the (Social Desirability Scale-Short Form [SDS; Reynolds,1982]). This investigation also examined if there were any differences in clients' and counselors'-in-training perceptions on multicultural competence (as measured by the CCCI-R) or the working alliance (as measured by the WAI-S). Results from the investigation indicated that counselors'-in-training perceptions of their multicultural competence was a predictor of client outcomes. However, counselors'-in-training perceptions of the working alliance or clients' perceptions of their counselors'-in-training multicultural competence and the working alliance were not predictors of client outcomes. Positive relationships between clients' and counselors'-in-training perceptions of counselors'-in-training multicultural competence and the working alliance were found. The results of this investigation contribute to a gap in the counseling literature on multicultural competence, the working alliance, and client outcomes. A review of the literature on the constructs of interest, research methodology, data analysis, results and implications are discussed.

Virtual group therapy offers multiple unique advantages to improving access to mental health care for Canadian youth and families. However, virtual environments may hinder the development of the type of relationships within groups that promote positive treatment outcomes. The present study explores the extent to, and ways in which, service providers working in the youth and family mental health sector in Eastern Ontario adapt to the unique characteristics of virtual environments in order to communicate effectively and develop therapeutic relationships. Secondary quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using a mixed-methods design. Survey responses (n = 58) and interview recordings (n =12) collected from service providers involved in the delivery of virtual groups for youth and families in response to COVID-19 were analyzed using a concurrent triangulation design. Descriptive statistics indicate service providers achieved moderate satisfaction regarding their ability to communicate and develop relationships within virtual groups, and that this ability was perceived as approximating in-person processes. Thematic analysis suggests that while virtual group environments involve unique challenges and and elevated complexity, facilitators adapt to virtual delivery by both employing diverse strategies and accepting certain limitations. The present study suggests that the unique challenges and complexities involved in virtual group-based therapy need not deter the implementation of virtual groups as a means of better addressing the mental health needs of Canadian youth and families.

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